Simultaneous regulation on coordination environment and interfacial chemistry via taurine for stabilized Zn metal anode

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are the potential options for the next-generation energy storage scenarios due to the cost effectiveness and intrinsic safety.Nevertheless,the industrial application of AZIBs is still impeded by a series of parasitic reactions and dendrites at zinc anodes.In this study,taurine(TAU)is used in electrolyte to simultaneously optimize the coordination condition of the ZnSO4electrolyte and interfacial chemistry at the anode.TAU can preferentially adsorb with the zinc metal and induce an in situ stable and protective interface on the anode,which would avoid the connection between H_(2)O and the zinc metal and promote the even deposition of Zn^(2+).The resulting Zn//Zn batteries achieve more than 3000 hours long cyclic lifespan under 1 mA cm^(-2)and an impressive cumulative capacity at 5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,Zn//Cu batteries can realize a reversible plating/stripping process over 2,400cycles,with a desirable coulombic efficiency of 99.75%(1 mA cm^(-2)).Additionally,the additive endows Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)batteries with more stable cyclic performance and ultrafast rate capability.These capabilities can promote the industrial application of AZIBs.

Aqueous-soluble components of sporoderm-removed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder promote ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Ferroptosis is a novel cell death process which displays a promising role in cancer treatment.However, clinically available drugs targeting ferroptosis are rarely used, and yet there are no studies reporting on inducing ferroptosis via Chinese herbal extracts. Here we explored the tumor inhibition effects of Ganoderma lucidum(G. lucidum) on oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Specifically, we aimed to clarify the biological mechanism of components in the dietary, aqueous-soluble sporoderm-removed G. lucidum spore powder(A-GSP).Methods: Preliminary transcriptome analysis revealed the significant enrichment of the ferroptosis pathway.Cellular Fe2+, glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), reactive oxygen species(ROS) and lipid peroxide levels were measured to identify ferroptosis occurrence. Western blotting was used to measure ferroptosis-related proteins. Changes in mitochondria morphology and function were observed with transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and ATP detection assays. Ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 was then used to verify the anti-tumor effects of A-GSP. Finally, nude mice xenograft models of oral cancer confirmed that A-GSP inhibited tumor growth.Results: A-GSP promoted ferroptosis in oral cancer cells by inducing Fe2+influx, GSH depletion, as well as lipid peroxide and ROS accumulation. Ferroptosis-related proteins exhibited corresponding changes, particularly Acylco A synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4) increase and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) decrease. A-GSP considerably lowered mitochondrial volume and ridge number, while significantly decreasing ATP production. Ferrostatin-1 reversed all of these A-GSP-induced changes. In vivo, A-GSP exerted a ferroptosismediated tumor-suppressing effect without observable adverse reactions.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of A-GSP for treating patients with OSCC by targeting ferroptosis.

Unveiling the nexus:Decoding interactions between regulated cell death and systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis for innovative therapeutic avenues

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is characterized by disruptions in cell death pathways and impaired clearance of apoptotic cells,resulting in immune dysregulation and tissue damage.This review explores the complex interplay of regulated cell death(RCD)mechanisms,including apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,NETosis,autophagy,and ferroptosis,in the pathogenesis of SLE.These pathways release autoantigens and danger signals,triggering autoimmune reactions and inflammation.Six various RCDs have mutual associates to support immune dysregulation and are associated with SLE.Apoptosis intrinsically induces immune tolerance by packaging dying cells into immunologically inert fragments.Deficiencies in apoptotic clearance will result in impaired tolerance.Necroptosis,pyroptosis,NETosis,and ferroptosis lead to cell membrane destruction,production of intracellular immunostimulatory components,and triggering a strong inflammatory immune reaction.Abnormal autophagic activity affects the development,differentiation,function,and metabolism of many immune cell subpopulations.Investigating the interconnections between cell death pathways and SLE sheds light on the disease's underlying mechanisms and provides opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.The convergence of precision medicine and innovative strategies targeting these intricate pathways holds promise for expanding the landscape of SLE treatment.

Berberine improves central memory formation of CD8^(+)T cells:Implications for design of natural product-based vaccines

Berberine(BBR)as one of the most effective natural products has been increasingly used to treat various chronic diseases due to its immunosuppressive/tolerogenic activities.However,it is unknown if BBR can be applied without abrogating the efforts of vaccination.Here we show that priming of CD8^(+)T cells in the presence of BBR lead to improved central memory formation(Tcm)with substantially reduced effector proliferation,primarily orchestrated through activation of AMPK and Stat5.Tcm derived from vaccinated mice fed with BBR were able to adoptively transfer protective immunity to naIve recipients.Vaccination of BBR-fed mice conferred better memory protection against infection without losing immediate effector efficacy,suggesting appreciable benefits from using BBR in vaccination.Thus,our study may help to lay the groundwork for mechanistic understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of natural products and their potential use as adjuvant that allows the design of novel vaccines with more desirable properties.

Predictive Model and Risk Factors for Case Fatality of COVID-19: A Cohort of 21,392 Cases in Hubei, China

An increasing number of patients are being killed by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),however,risk factors for the fatality of COVID-19 remain unclear.A total of 21,392 COVID-19 cases were recruited in the Hubei Province of China between December 2019 and February 2020,and followed up until March 18,2020.We adopted Cox regression models to investigate the risk factors for case fatality and predicted the death probability under specific combinations of key predictors.Among the 21,392 patients,1,020(4.77%)died of COVID-19.Multivariable analyses showed that factors,including age(R60 versus<45 years,hazard ratio[HR]=7.32;95%confidence interval[CI],5.42,9.89),sex(male versus female,HR=1.31;95%CI,1.15,1.50),severity of the disease(critical versus mild,HR=39.98;95%CI,29.52,48.86),comorbidity(HR=1.40;95%CI,1.23,1.60),highest body temperature(>39
C versus<39
C,HR=1.28;95%CI,1.09,1.49),white blood cell counts(>103109/L versus(4–10)3109/L,HR=1.69;95%CI,1.35,2.13),and lymphocyte counts(<0.83109/L versus(0.8–4)3109/L,HR=1.26;95%CI,1.06,1.50)were significantly associated with case fatality of COVID-19 patients.Individuals of an older age,who were male,with comorbidities,and had a critical illness had the highest death probability,with 21%,36%,46%,and 54%within 1–4 weeks after the symptom onset.Risk factors,including demographic characteristics,clinical symptoms,and laboratory factors were confirmed to be important determinants of fatality of COVID-19.Our predictive model can provide scientific evidence for a more rational,evidence-driven allocation of scarce medical resources to reduce the fatality of COVID-19.

盐分介导下芦苇对不同邻体植物的表型可塑性响应

随着滨海湿地生态系统盐胁迫增加,群落中的植物同时受到盐胁迫和植物相互作用的影响。非生物因素干扰植物之间竞争和促进效应的稳定,使植物产生复杂的表型可塑性响应。探讨不同的邻体物种及对性状可塑性的影响将会扩展胁迫梯度假说,深入理解盐沼湿地的物种分布特征。本研究开展温室控制实验,探究盐胁迫下(0和10 g/L)芦苇(Phragmites australis)对3种功能类型7种邻体植物(同种植物、禾草类植物和杂草类植物)的表型可塑性响应。实验测量了株高、基径、密度、叶厚度、比叶面积、总生物量和各部分生物量等性状,计算了邻体效应指数(基于生物量)和相对表型可塑性指数。结果表明,盐分显著降低了芦苇的生物量、株高、密度和基径。邻体植物的功能类型显著影响芦苇的生长性状。盐分为0 g/L时,禾草类植物对芦苇形成负的竞争效应,但在10 g/L盐分下,这种负效应转变为正的促进作用。芦苇的生长性状对盐分和竞争具有可塑性反应,如增加地下生物量以获得更多的水分和资源,可塑性指数在盐分条件下比竞争条件下更高。总之,植物-植物相互作用对胁迫的响应随植物功能类型和性状可塑性而异。

Minimal Legendrian surfaces in the tangent sphere bundle of R^(3)

In this paper,we study minimal Legendrian surfacesΣimmersed in the tangent sphere bundle T_(1)R^(3).We classify(1)totally geodesic Legendrian surfaces,(2)closed minimal Legendrian surfaces of genus smaller than or equal to 1 and complete minimal Legendrian surfaces with the non-negative Gauss curvature,and(3)complete stable minimal Legendrian surfaces.

Partially charged single-atom Ru supported on ZrO_(2) nanocrystals for highly efficient ethylene hydrosilylation with triethoxysilane

Homogeneous noble metal catalysts used in alkene hydrosilylation reactions to manufacture organosilicon compounds commercially often suffer from difficulties in catalyst recovering and recycling,undesired disproportionation reactions,and energyintensive purification of products.Herein,we report a heterogeneous 0.5Ruδ+/ZrO_(2) catalyst with partially charged single-atom Ru(0.5 wt.%Ru)supported on commercial ZrO_(2) nanocrystals synthesized by the simple impregnation method followed by H2 reduction.When used in the ethylene hydrosilylation with triethoxysilane to produce the desired ethyltriethoxysilane,0.5Ruδ+/ZrO_(2) showed excellent catalytic performance with the maximum Ru atom utilization and good recyclability,even superior to homogeneous catalyst(RuCl3·H2O).Structural characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal the atomic dispersion of the active Ru species and their unique electronic properties distinct from the homogeneous catalyst.The reaction route over this catalyst is supposed to follow the typical Chalk-Harrod mechanism.This highly efficient and supported singleatom Ru catalyst has the potential to replace the current homogeneous catalyst for a greener hydrosilylation industry.

Lagrangian surfaces with Legendrian boundary

In this paper,we first introduce a boundary problem for Lagrangian submanifolds,analogous to the problem for free boundary hypersurfaces and capillary hypersurfaces.Then we present several interesting examples of Lagrangian submanifolds satisfying this boundary condition and we prove a Lagrangian version of the Nitsche(or Hopf)type theorem.Some problems are proposed at the end of this paper.

Driving mechanism and boundary control of urban sprawl

Since the reform and opening-up, China＇s economy has achieved remarkable development and so does the urbanization. However, there is an unavoidable contradiction between urban sprawl and the protection of arable land and the environment. By redefining the urban sprawl boundary, this paper is to provide a solution for the conflict above on the China＇s urbanization context. The ideal boundary, moderate boundary and limit boundary are defined for urban sprawl in space. Taking Nanjing city as a case, the three urban sprawl boundaries are estimated in this paper based on the calculation of agricultural land resources value in Nanjing. The results show that 1） the integrated value of agricultural （cultivated） land resources in Nanjing is 1.55× 10^7 CNg·hm^-2, the economic value accounts for only 8.74% of the integrated value, while 91.26% of the integrated value has not revealed itself due to the existing institutional arrangements, policy distortions, and imperfect land market; 2） it is difficult to define the ideal and moderate boundaries due to the relatively low price of North Nanjing. In South Nanjing the land price is expensive and the ideal, moderate and limit boundaries are expanded to Jiangning, Qixia, and Yuhuatai; 3） the city scale of South Nanjing should be limited within 5.82 × 10^4 hm^2, which is roughly the same as the designated size of 5.81 × 10^4 hm^2 in the urban planning. It is suggested that the rational scope of urban expansion should be controlled within the moderate boundary.