Reservoir characteristics and controlling factor of tight sandstone in Shuixigou Group in Taibei depression,Turpan-Hami basin

The positive structure belts surrounding the Taibei Sag,Turpan-Hami Basin,have been the main targets for oil and gas exploration for years and are now left with remaining resources scattering in reservoirs adjacent to source rocks in the sag,where the Shuixigou Group with substantial oil and gas potential constitutes the primary focus for near-source exploration.Consequently,characterization of development and key controlling factors of reservoir space becomes a must for future exploration in the area.This study investigates the development traits,genesis,and controlling factors of the Xishanyao and Sangonghe formations in the Shengbei and Qiudong Sub-sags of the Taibei Sag with techniques such as cast thin-section observation,porosity and permeability tests,high-pressure mercury injection,and saturation fluid NMR analysis of reservoir rocks.The findings reveal that the Shuixigou Group in the Taibei Sag consists of lithic sandstone.Reservoirs in the group are mostly poor in terms of physical properties,with undeveloped primary pores dominated by intergranular dissolved pores as a result of a strong compaction.Comparative analysis of key controlling factors of the Sangonghe Formation reveals significant distinctions in sandstone particle size,sand body thickness,genesis and distribution,provenance location,and source rock type between the Qiudong area and Shengbei area.Vertically,the coal seams of the Xishanyao Formation exhibit heightened development with shallower burial depth and lower maturity compared to those of the Sangonghe Formation.Consequently,this environment fosters the formation of organic acids,which have a stronger dissolution effect on minerals to develop secondary dissolution pores,and ultimately resulting in better reservoir physical properties.Overall,the reservoirs within the Qiudong area of the Taibei Sag demonstrate superior characteristics compared to those in the Shengbei area.Furthermore,the reservoir physical properties of the Xishanyao Formation are better than those of the Sangonghe Formation.The research findings will provide valuable guidance for the exploration and development of lithological oil and gas reservoirs within the Taibei Sag.

Multi-genome evolutionary study of the ABC1 gene family and identification of the pleiotropic effects of OsABC1-13 in rice development

In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and photosynthetic capability.

Numerical Studies of Magnetic Reconnection and Heating Mechanisms for the Ellerman Bomb

An Ellerman Bomb(EB)is a kind of small scale reconnection event,which is ubiquitously formed in the upper photosphere or the lower chromosphere.The low temperature(<10,000 K)and high density(~1019–1022)plasma there makes the magnetic reconnection process strongly influenced by partially ionized effects and radiative cooling.This work studies the highβmagnetic reconnection near the solar temperature minimum region based on high-resolution 2.5D magnetohydrodynamics simulations.The time-dependent ionization degree of hydrogen and helium are included to realize more realistic diffusivities,viscosity and radiative cooling in simulations.Numerical results show that the reconnection rate is smaller than 0.01 and decreases with time during the early quasi-steady stage,then sharply increases to a value above 0.05 in the later stage as the plasmoid instability takes place.Both the large value ofηen(magnetic diffusion caused by the electron-neutral collision)and the plasmoid instability contribute to the fast magnetic reconnection in the EB-like event.The interactions and coalescence of plasmoids strongly enhance the local compression heating effect,which becomes the dominant mechanism for heating in EBs after plasmoid instability appears.However,the Joule heating contributed byηen can play a major role to heat plasmas when the magnetic reconnection in EBs is during the quasi-steady stage with smaller temperature increases.The results also show that the radiative cooling effect suppresses the temperature increase to a reasonable range,and increases the reconnection rate and generation of thermal energy.

Volatility Prediction via Hybrid LSTM Models with GARCH Type Parameters

Since the establishment of financial models for risk prediction,the measurement of volatility at risky market has improved,and its significance has also grown.For high-frequency financial data,the degree of investment risk,which has always been the focus of attention,is measured by the variance of residual sequence obtained following model regression.By integrating the long short-term memory(LSTM)model with multiple generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity(GARCH)models,a new hybrid LSTM model is used to predict stock price volatility.In this paper,three GARCH models are used,and the model that can best fit the data is determined.

新一代火星大气模式GoPlanet-Mars V1的研制

火星探测是当前国家高科技竞争力的标志,世界航天强国均研制火星大气模式,为登陆探测提供气象环境保障.本文描述了我国新一代火星大气模式(global open planetary atmospheric model for Mars,缩写GoPlanet-Mars,简称GoMars)的研制,其中的动力框架完全自主研发,具有二阶精度、能保证质量守恒.GoMars引进并耦合了美国宇航局艾姆斯研究中心的火星物理过程,具备模拟沙尘、水和CO_(2)的能力.基于我国“祝融号”、美国“维京1号、2号”的实测数据以及国际火星大气全球数据集评估了GoMars,结果表明:GoMars能成功再现3个探测器记录的火星大气独特的地表气压“两峰两谷”特征;在全球地表温度、纬向急流、极区CO_(2)冰和沙尘方面,GoMars也具备良好的模拟性能,可为我国火星探测计划实施提供新的气象环境保障手段.

基于次级梳的石墨烯功能化微球气体传感

光学微腔具有高品质因子和微小体积,为光学传感提供了理想平台.受限于微腔材料惰性和光源性能,基于光学微腔的高灵敏气体传感器的实现仍然是一个挑战.微腔光频梳具有等间距的频谱分量,被广泛用于大容量通信、高精密测量和光谱分析应用,已经成为通信和传感的新一代高性能光源.本文介绍了一种基于次级梳的石墨烯功能化微球气体传感器.相较于孤子态微梳,次级梳具有较高鲁棒性和更容易激发的特点,在气体传感方面展现出应用潜力.通过把次级梳的拍频作为传感探测信号,在石墨烯增敏作用下,实现了750 Hz/ppb的最大探测灵敏度和4 ppb的探测极限.该传感器保留了光频梳稳定性优势,同时避免了复杂的孤子激发和维持过程,为高性能实用化微型气体传感器的实现提供了新的技术路线.

Harnessing sub-comb dynamics in a graphene-sensitized microresonator for gas detection

Since their inception, frequency combs generated in microresonators, known as microcombs, have sparked significant scientific interests. Among the various applications leveraging microcombs, soliton microcombs are often preferred due to their inherent mode-locking capability. However, this choice introduces additional system complexity because an initialization process is required. Meanwhile, despite the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of other comb states, their practical potential, particularly in applications like sensing where simplicity is valued, remains largely untapped. Here, we demonstrate controllable generation of sub-combs that bypasses the need for accessing bistable regime. And in a graphene-sensitized microresonator, the sub-comb heterodynes produce stable, accurate microwave signals for high-precision gas detection. By exploring the formation dynamics of sub-combs, we achieved 2 MHz harmonic comb-to-comb beat notes with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than 50 dB and phase noise as low as – 82 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The graphene sensitization on the intracavity probes results in exceptional frequency responsiveness to the adsorption of gas molecules on the graphene of microcavity surface, enabling detect limits down to the parts per billion (ppb) level. This synergy between graphene and sub-comb formation dynamics in a microcavity structure showcases the feasibility of utilizing microcombs in an incoherent state prior to soliton locking. It may mark a significant step toward the development of easy-to-operate, systemically simple, compact, and high-performance photonic sensors.

吸入性损伤早期诊断方法及策略的研究进展

吸入性损伤是火灾事件中伤员发生早期死亡的首要原因,早期快速准确的诊断对于降低死亡率至关重要。目前应用的诊断标准和诊断方法存在专科性强、难以早期应用等局限。该文旨在对吸入性损伤现行诊断方法以及一些可以提高早期诊断准确性的技术和策略进行综述,以期为吸入性损伤早期诊断体系的建立提供参考。

Auxin signaling module OsSK41-OsIAA10-OsARF regulates grain yield traits in rice

Auxin is an important phytohormone in plants, and auxin signaling pathways in rice play key roles in regulating its growth, development, and productivity. To investigate how rice grain yield traits are regulated by auxin signaling pathways and to facilitate their application in rice improvement, we validated the functional relationships among regulatory genes such as OsIAA10, OsSK41, and OsARF21 that are involved in one of the auxin(OsIAA10) signaling pathways. We assessed the phenotypic effects of these genes on several grain yield traits across two environments using knockout and/or overexpression transgenic lines.Based on the results, we constructed a model that showed how grain yield traits were regulated by OsIAA10 and OsTIR1, OsAFB2, and OsSK41 and OsmiR393 in the OsSK41-OsIAA10-OsARF module and by OsARF21 in the transcriptional regulation of downstream auxin response genes in the OsSK41-OsIAA10-OsARF module. The population genomic analyses revealed rich genetic diversity and the presence of major functional alleles at most of these loci in rice populations. The strong differentiation of many major alleles between Xian/indica and Geng/japonica subspecies and/or among modern varieties and landraces suggested that they contributed to improved productivity during evolution and breeding. We identified several important aspects associated with the genetic and molecular bases of rice grain and yield traits that were regulated by auxin signaling pathways.We also suggested rice auxin response factor(OsARF) activators as candidate target genes for improving specific target traits by overexpression and/or editing subspecies-specific alleles and by searching and pyramiding the ‘best' gene allelic combinations at multiple regulatory genes in auxin signaling pathways in rice breeding programs.

原位肝癌小鼠微波消融术后复发模型的构建

目的构建可模拟亚致死热应激状态的体外细胞及活体小鼠原位肝癌不完全热消融模型。方法将悬浮的单层H22细胞分为4组(37℃、42℃、47℃、50℃)分别置于6孔培养板中培养,热处理前8 h更换新鲜完全培养基,随后恒温水浴15 min进行热处理以构建亚致死热应激体外模型并置于37℃培养箱中继续培养。48 h后进行Western Blot实验检测EMT表型,并通过Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)试剂盒检测细胞活力。沿小鼠腹中线开腹后暴露肝脏并于肝包膜下注射H22细胞(5×10^(6)个),待瘤体长径约等于8 mm后将小鼠随机分为完全消融组(complete ablation group,cMWA)、不完全消融组(incomplete ablation group,iMWA)及假手术组,并在开腹直视下沿瘤体长轴行微波消融以建立原位肝癌不完全热消融模型。消融后第14天复查MRI并采集肝脏标本进行组织病理学检查。结果接种H22细胞约14天后小鼠肿瘤达到预定肿瘤长径范围,肿瘤平均长径为(9.32±0.83)mm。消融术后14天,不完全消融组肿瘤平均长径(12.93±1.51)mm,且较消融前明显增大。免疫荧光染色结果显示iMWA组残瘤内见大量中性粒细胞浸润。Western blot结果显示亚致死热应激状态下肝癌细胞EMT表型的恶性转变,其中波形蛋白(Vimentin)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达上调,E钙黏附蛋白(E-cadherin)表达下调。结论亚致死热应激状态的体外细胞及活体小鼠原位肝癌不完全热消融模型成功构建,该状态下残瘤内大量中性粒细胞浸润,同时肝癌细胞可能转变为更具侵袭性的间充质表型并导致肿瘤进展。

Laser powder bed fusion of a Ni3Al-based intermetallic alloy with tailored microstructure and superior mechanical performance

Ni3Al-based alloys are excellent candidates for the structural materials used for turbine engines due to their excellent high-temperature properties.This study aims at laser powder bed fusion and post-hot isostatic pressing(HIP)treatment of Ni3Al-based IC^(-2)21 M alloy with a highγ0 volume fraction.The as-built samples exhibits unavoidable solidification cracking and ductility dip cracking,and the laser parameter optimization can reduce the crack density to 1.34 mm/mm^(2).Transmission electron microscope(TEM)analysis reveals ultra-fine nanoscaleγ0 phases in the as-built samples due to the high cooling rate during rapid solidification.After HIP treatment,a fully dense structure without cracking defects is achieved,which exhibits an equiaxed structure with grain size~120-180μm and irregularly shapedγ0 precipitates~1-3μm with a prominently high fraction of 86%.The room-temperature tensile test of as-built samples shows a high ultimate tensile strength(σUTS)of 1039.7 MPa and low fracture elongation of 6.4%.After HIP treatment,a significant improvement in ductility(15.7%)and a slight loss of strength(σUTS of 831.7 MPa)are obtained by eliminating the crack defects.Both the as-built and HIP samples exhibit retained highσUTS values of 589.8 MPa and 786.2 MPa,respectively,at 900C.The HIP samples exhibita slight decrease in ductility to~12.9%,indicating excellent high-temperature mechanical performance.Moreover,the abnormal increase in strength and decrease in ductility suggest the critical role of a highγ0 fraction in cracking formation.The intrinsic heat treatment during repeating thermal cycles can induce brittleness and trigger cracking initiation in the heat-affected zone with notable deteriorating ductility.The results indicate that the combination of LPBF and HIP can effectively reduce the crack density and enhance the mechanical properties of Ni_(3)Al-based alloy,making it a promising material for high-temperature applications.

肠道菌群及其代谢产物氧化三甲胺——冠心病治疗的新靶点

冠心病(Coronary artery disease,CAD)是全球发病率和死亡率最高的一种心血管疾病,冠心病和肠道菌群失调密切相关,肠道菌群可能是未来冠心病的重要诊断标志物,改善肠道菌群微环境有望成为治疗冠心病的新途径。作为肠道菌群参与合成的活性代谢产物,氧化三甲胺(Trimethylamine-N-oxide,TMAO)水平的升高与心血管疾病患病风险、全因死亡率的增加有关;基础研究表明TMAO可能具有促动脉粥样硬化特性;这些研究提示TMAO可作为预防和治疗冠心病的潜在靶点。文中分析了当前调控肠道菌群及其代谢产物TMAO治疗冠心病的临床及基础性研究,以期为冠心病的治疗提供帮助。

Arterial relaxation is coupled to inhibition of mitochondrial fission in arterial smooth muscle cells:comparison of vasorelaxant effects of verapamil and phentolamine

Mitochondria are morphologically dynamic organelles which undergo fission and fusion processes. Our previous study found that arterial constriction was always accompanied by increased mitochondrial fission in smooth muscle cells, whereas inhibition of mitochondrial fission in smooth muscle cells was associated with arterial relaxation. Here, we used the typical vasorelaxants, verapamil and phentolamine, to further confirm the coupling between arterial constriction and mitochondrial fission in rat aorta. Results showed that phentolamine but not verapamil induced vasorelaxation in phenylephrine(PE)-induced rat thoracic aorta constriction. Verapamil, but not phentolamine, induced vasorelaxation in high K^+(KPSS)-induced rat thoracic aorta constriction. Pre-treatment with phentolamine prevented PEbut not KPSS-induced aorta constriction and pre-treatment with verapamil prevented both PE-and KPSSinduced aorta constriction. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) results showed that verapamil but not phentolamine inhibited KPSS-induced excessive mitochondrial fission in aortic smooth muscle cells,and verapamil prevented both PE-and KPSS-induced excessive mitochondrial fission in aortic smoothmuscle cells. Verapamil inhibited KPSS-induced excessive mitochondrial fission in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells(A10). These results further demonstrate that arterial relaxation is coupled to inhibition of mitochondrial fission in arterial smooth muscle cells.

Structural and Biological Insights into the Hot-Spot Marine Natural Products Reported from 2012 to 2021

Comprehensive Summary The vast marine ecosystem contains a sea of natural products,which are potential model molecules for new drug development.With more than one thousand new structures been discovered each year,the past decade has become the golden time for marine natural product discovery,leading to a valuable but extra-large chemical database.Serving as an epitome of the most promising compounds,which take the ultra-new skeletons and/or excellent bioactivities,this review covers 243 hot-spot marine natural products reported from 2012 to 2021,to abstract some important chemical and/or biological inspirations for marine natural product study and marine drug development in the future.In addition,some general rules regarding to the source organism,structure-specialty,organism-structure specificity,and organism-bioactivity relationship of these outstanding compounds will also be presented.

Mitochondrial uncoupler triclosan induces vasorelaxation of rat arteries

Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers induced vasodilation. Triclosan, the broad spectrum antibacterial agent, is the active ingredient in soaps and toothpastes. It was reported that triclosan induced mitochondrial uncoupling, so we aim to investigate the effects of triclosan on vascular function of rat mesenteric arteries and aorta. The isometric tension of rat mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta was recorded by multi-wire myograph system. The cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mitoROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential of smooth muscle cells(A10 cells) were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Triclosan treatment relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-and high K^(+)(KPSS)-induced constriction, and pre-treatment with triclosan inhibited PE-and KPSS-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. In rat thoracic aorta, triclosan also relaxed PE-and KPSS-induced constriction. Triclosan induces vasorelaxation without involving KATPchannel activation in smooth muscle cells of arteries.Triclosan treatment increased cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial ROS production and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential in A10 cells. In conclusion, triclosan induces mitochondrial uncoupling in vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxes the constricted rat mesenteric arteries and aorta of rats. The present results suggest that triclosan would indicate vasodilation effect if absorbed excessively in vivo.

The effects of pH, surfactant, ion concentration,coformer, and molecular arrangement on the solubility behavior of myricetin cocrystals

Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a promising technology that can be used to improve the solubility of poor aqueous compounds. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the solubility of myricetin(MYR) cocrystals, including their kinetic solubility, thermodynamic solubility, and intrinsic dissolution rate(IDR). The effects of pH, surfactant, ion concentration, and coformers on the cocrystal solubility were evaluated. Furthermore, single crystal structures of MYR, myricetin–isonicotinamide(MYR–INM) and myricetin–caffeine(MYR–CAF) cocrystals were analyzed to discuss the possible reasons for the enhancement of cocrystal solubility from the perspective of the spatial structure.The results indicated that the kinetic solubility of MYR cocrystals was modulated by pH and cocrystal coformer(CCF) ionization in buffer solution, while it primarily depended on the CCF solubility in pure water. In addition, the solubility of MYR cocrystals was increased in a concentration dependent fashion by the surfactant or ion concentration. The thermodynamic solubility of MYR–INM(1:3) cocrystals decreased with the increases of the pH value of the dissolution media. The IDR of MYR cocrystals was faster than that of MYR in the same medium and extremely fast in pH 4.5 buffer. The improved solubility of MYR cocrystals was probably related to the alternate arrangements of MYR and INM/CAF molecules and increased intermolecular distance. The present study provides some references to investigate the solubility behavior of pharmaceutical cocrystals.