Study on dung beetles(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:Scarabaeinae) of northern Pakistan with a new record from Pakistan

This study investigates the dung beetle fauna in northern Pakistan, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Gilgit-Baltistan（formerly known as the Northern Areas of Pakistan）, and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, based on collections and determined specimens. The area is diverse and contains a variety of flora and fauna pertaining to different habitats. We conducted surveys in the Alpine Zone, Montane Temperate Forest and Tropical Deciduous Forest. Three genera and five species, Digitonthophagus gazelle,Digitonthophagus bonasus, Heliocopris midas, Heliocopris bucephalus and Gymnopleurus flagellates were collected. Identification keys and distribution notes are provided. Heliocopris bucephalus was found to be a new country record to Pakistan.

An efficient cubic trigonometric B-spline collocation scheme for the time-fractional telegraph equation

In this paper,a proficient numerical technique for the time-fractional telegraph equation(TFTE)is proposed.The chief aim of this paper is to utilize a relatively new type of B-spline called the cubic trigonometric B-spline for the proposed scheme.This technique is based on finite difference formulation for the Caputo time-fractional derivative and cubic trigonometric B-splines based technique for the derivatives in space.A stability analysis of the scheme is presented to confirm that the errors do not amplify.A convergence analysis is also presented.Computational experiments are carried out in addition to verify the theoretical analysis.Numerical results are contrasted with a few present techniques and it is concluded that the presented scheme is progressively right and more compelling.

减瘤性前列腺癌根治术联合内分泌治疗在寡转移前列腺癌中的手术效果分析——评《前列腺增生与前列腺癌医患问答》

《前列腺增生与前列腺癌医患问答》由彭波,孙忠全,王光春主编,第二军医大学出版社出版,ISBN:9787548111726。前列腺增生和前列腺癌是中老年男性的常见病、多发病,与中老年男性的生活紧密相关。但目前大多数老年人对这2种疾病仍缺乏科学客观的认识,普及相关知识刻不容缓。本书从前列腺增生和前列腺癌的基本知识、发生、发展、诊断、治疗和预防等方面着手,结合最新的研究进展,采用通俗易懂的问答模式对2种疾病进行了讲解。

A DNA-based nanocarrier for efficient cancer therapy

The study aimed to achieve enhanced targeted cytotoxicity and cell-internalization of cisplatin-loaded deoxyribonucleic acid-nanothread(CPT-DNA-NT),mediated by scavenger receptors into HeLa cells.DNA-NT was developed with stiff-topology utilizing circular-scaffold to encapsulate CPT.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)characterization of the DNA-NT showed uniformity in the structure with a diameter of 50-150 nm and length of 300-600 nm.The successful fabrication of the DNA-NT was confirmed through native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis,as large the molecular-weight(polymeric)DNA-NT did not split into constituting strands under applied current and voltage.The results of cell viability confirmed that blank DNA-NT had the least cytotoxicity at the highest concentration(512 nM)with a viability of 92%as evidence of its biocompatibility for drug delivery.MTT assay showed superior cytotoxicity of CPT-DNA-NT than that of the free CPT due to the depot release of CPT after DNA-NT internalization.The DNA-NT exhibited targeted cell internalizations with the controlled intracellular release of CPT(from DNA-NT),as illustrated in confocal images.Therefore,in vitro cytotoxicity assessment through flow cytometry showed enhanced apoptosis(72.7%)with CPT-DNA-NT(compared to free CPT;64.4%).CPT-DNA-NT,being poly-anionic,showed enhanced endocytosis via scavenger receptors.

Bioconvection Mangnetohydrodynamic Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow with Quartic Chemical Reaction Past a Paraboloid Surface

In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid has been studied.By considering the Buongiorno model approach,a diffusion of unequal coefficients in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is discussed.Implementation of microorganism’s idea is used to stabilize the nanoparticles through bioconvection.The modeled PDEs of the problems are converted into nonlinear ODEs with the assistant of the similarity transformations.To tackle nonlinear ODEs,MATLAB package bvp4c is used.In addition,a hallmark of the Matlab code with the reported results in the literature is achieved by benchmarking.The variations in motion,concentration,temperature,and motile density due to sundry parameters have been analyzed in-depth via graphs.Our analysis shows that the density profile of motile of microorganism is hiked with an increment in the bioconvection Rayleigh number but decreases for higher thermal Grashof number.

Redefined Extended Cubic B-Spline Functions for Numerical Solution of Time-Fractional Telegraph Equation

This work is concerned with the application of a redefined set of extended uniform cubic B-spline(RECBS)functions for the numerical treatment of time-fractional Telegraph equation.The presented technique engages finite difference formulation for discretizing the Caputo time-fractional derivatives and RECBS functions to interpolate the solution curve along the spatial grid.Stability analysis of the scheme is provided to ensure that the errors do not amplify during the execution of the numerical procedure.The derivation of uniform convergence has also been presented.Some computational experiments are executed to verify the theoretical considerations.Numerical results are compared with the existing schemes and it is concluded that the present scheme returns superior outcomes on the topic.

New Horizon in stabilization of single atoms on metal-oxide supports for CO_(2) reduction

Elecrochemical CO_(2) reduction is a promising route to convert CO_(2) into the value added chemicals,and to control the increasing accumulation of 002 in the atmosphere.The CO_(2) molecule is stable and chemically inert,so a highly efficient electrocatalyst is required for CO_(2) reduction.The single atoms with metal oxdde support is a new fronder in CO_(2) reduction.The supported single atoms contain disperse isolated atoms with an appropriate support maxcimize the atom efficiency of metals for boosting the catalytc perfomance.In this review,we had discussed state-of-the-art research on the synthestis of single atoms supported on the metal oxdde for boosting catalytic activity for CO_(2) reduction and special emphasis is placed on the influence of single atoms supported on metal oxdde on the CO_(2) reduction.Futhermore,we had discussed the challenges,and opportunities for paving the development of single atoms with metal support and their application in ecrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.

Protective effect of testosterone on endogenous apoptosis induced by Aβ42 in HT22 cells

Aβhas attracted a great deal of interest in the field of Alzheimer'diseases(AD)research,and its influence on the cells and the neuronal system,has been a pressing issue to clarify with a goal of diagnostic and therapeutic development.In our study,we determine whether mitochondrial impairment by Aβis fatal enough to cause neuronal death in AD conditions.Using Western blot to detect the expression of Bax and Bel-2,we verified incubatina HT22cells with 10 nmol/L Aβfor 24 h had the significant effect on cell apoptosis.

Environmental Effects on the Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells under Long-Term Outdoor Exposure in Taiyuan, China

Environmental conditions such as wind, temperature and humidity affect the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic (PV) cells and thus have a significant effect on the PV output efficiency. This paper aims to analyze the power efficiency of Polycrystalline Silicon solar cells under China’s weather considering these environmental conditions. Performance of the Polycrystalline solar panel is analyzed through eight months of data emphasizing the maximum, average and minimum temperature acquired from a solar power plant installed at Taiyuan University of technology, China consisting of 78 PV panels with a total rated capacity of 20 KW and average module efficiency of 16.56% at an ambient temperature of 25°. The results of our practical investigations show that polycrystalline solar cells in October yield the best monthly average efficiency of 35.6% at an average temperature and humidity level of 14°C and 44%. In comparison to a maximum temperature of 27°C and humidity of 66% in summer, the efficiency is found to drop by 5%. Also, the power produced in winter at minimum temperature and the efficiency showed a decline of 15% compared to that of October. Consequently, this investigation leads to a conclusion that the increase in temperature and humidity together is found to have a negative effect on the efficiency whereas the increase in irradiance and wind speed showed an improvement in the output power of the polycrystalline solar cells.

Implementation &Comparative Analysis of 10, 18 &24 Level Diode Clamped Inverters Using “Trust Region Dog Leg” Method

Multilevel inverters are used in many industrial applications because of good power quality, minimum losses and less harmonics contents. Multilevel inverters require no series connected synchronized switching devices, transformer and complex filters. In this paper 10, 18, 24 diode clamped multi-level inverters (DCMLI) are implemented using trust region dog leg optimization method to find the optimized values of switching angles (θ). It decreases the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltages and to reduce the complexity of external filter required. The multi-level inverters are implemented in MATLAB Simulation and results are compared in terms of harmonics, system complexity and efficiency.

Feedback Mechanism-driven Mutation Reptile Search Algorithm for Optimizing Interpolation Developable Surfaces

Curvature lines are special and important curves on surfaces.It is of great significance to construct developable surface interpolated on curvature lines in engineering applications.In this paper,the shape optimization of generalized cubic ball developable surface interpolated on the curvature line is studied by using the improved reptile search algorithm.Firstly,based on the curvature line of generalized cubic ball curve with shape adjustable,this paper gives the construction method of SGC-Ball developable surface interpolated on the curve.Secondly,the feedback mechanism,adaptive parameters and mutation strategy are introduced into the reptile search algorithm,and the Feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm effectively improves the solving precision.On IEEE congress on evolutionary computation 2014,2017,2019 and four engineering design problems,the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is compared with other representative methods,and the result indicates that the solution performance of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm is competitive.At last,taking the minimum energy as the evaluation index,the shape optimization model of SGC-Ball interpolation developable surface is established.The developable surface with the minimum energy is achieved with the help of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm,and the comparison experiment verifies the superiority of the feedback mechanism-driven improved reptile search algorithm for the shape optimization problem.

应用DNA甲基化芯片对胃癌组织基因组甲基化的分析

目的应用DNA甲基化芯片检测胃癌组织基因组甲基化情况。方法采用甲基化DNA免疫沉淀方法（MeDIP）结合DNA甲基化芯片对6例胃癌及其癌旁组织进行甲基化情况分析，寻找启动子区域和CpG岛中胃癌组织与癌旁组织的甲基化差异基因，并通过GeneOntology分析和Pathway分析了解这些甲基化差异基因的功能。结果在基因启动子区，存在于胃癌组织中的甲基化差异基因有113个（如SHP1、FGF8和CSF2RA等），存在于癌旁组织中的甲基化差异基因有161个（如TNF、IGF2和BMP7等）。在CpG岛，存在于胃癌组织中的甲基化差异基因有123个（如WNT2B、JAK2和T阿1等），存在于癌旁组织中的甲基化差异基因有139个（如TNFRSF4、HOXC8和NFYA等）。这些基因位于不同的染色体上，胃癌组织中以1号和4号染色体最多（11个），18号和20号染色体最少（1个）；癌旁组织中以11号染色体最多（17个），而Y染色体未见甲基化差异基因。这些基因涉及的功能包括蛋白磷酸化、调节细胞分解代谢、离子转运、酶活性调节、转录调控、细胞分裂、细胞周期调节和信号转导等。结论胃癌组织与癌旁组织存在许多甲基化差异基因．这些甲基化差异基因位于不同染色体上，其个数和分布差异很大，与多条肿瘤相关通路有关。

BEESO:Multi-strategy Boosted Snake-Inspired Optimizer for Engineering Applications

This paper presents an efficient enhanced snake optimizer termed BEESO for global optimization and engineering applications.As a newly mooted meta-heuristic algorithm,snake optimizer(SO)mathematically models the mating characteristics of snakes to find the optimal solution.SO has a simple structure and offers a delicate balance between exploitation and exploration.However,it also has some shortcomings to be improved.The proposed BEESO consequently aims to lighten the issues of lack of population diversity,convergence slowness,and the tendency to be stuck in local optima in SO.The presentation of Bi-Directional Search(BDS)is to approach the global optimal value along the direction guided by the best and the worst individuals,which makes the convergence speed faster.The increase in population diversity in BEESO benefits from Modified Evolutionary Population Dynamics(MEPD),and the replacement of poorer quality individuals improves population quality.The Elite Opposition-Based Learning(EOBL)provides improved local exploitation ability of BEESO by utilizing solid solutions with good performance.The performance of BEESO is illustrated by comparing its experimental results with several algorithms on benchmark functions and engineering designs.Additionally,the results of the experiment are analyzed again from a statistical point of view using the Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.The findings show that these introduced strategies provide some improvements in the performance of SO,and the accuracy and stability of the optimization results provided by the proposed BEESO are competitive among all algorithms.To conclude,the proposed BEESO offers a good alternative to solving optimization issues.

A novel variant of GALC in a familial case of Krabbe disease:Insights from structural bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation

Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy(GLD;MIM#245200)is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that results from the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase(GALC;E.C.3.2.1.46),a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GALC gene.1 GALC breaks down galactosylceramide,a cerebroside located mainly in the myelin sheath.Defects in GALC cause the accumulation of a cytotoxic metabolite,galactosylsphingosine or psychosine,which can be toxic to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.2 The failure to digest galactosylceramide triggers the formation of multi-nucleated globoid cells,causing severe demyelination,axonopathy,and neuronal death.3 The reported frequency of Krabbe disease is 1 in 100,000 live births with symptoms including irritability,loss of motor ability,spasticity,ataxia,visual dysfunction,seizures,andcognitive impairment.