The prevalence of vision impairment and refractive error in 3654 first year students at Tianjin Medical University

AIM：To determine the prevalence of vision impairment（VI）and refractive error in first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.METHODS：This is a cross-sectional observational cohort study of VI and refractive error among first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.The first year university students were involved in this study and were given a detailed questionnaire including age,birth date,and spectacle wearing history.A standardized ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity（VA）,slit-lamp examination,non-cycloplegic auto-refraction,objective refraction,fundus photography,and examination of their spectacles were recorded.RESULTS：A total of 3654 participants were included in this study.Totally 3436（94.03%） individuals had VI in this population.Totally 150（4.10%） individuals had VI due to ocular disease,including amblyopia,congenital cataract,retinal atrophy or degeneration,strabismus,congenital nystagmus,refractive surgery orthokeratology.Totally 3286（89.93%） subjects had VI due to refractive error.Only 218（5.97%） students were emmetropia.Moreover,refractive error was the main cause for the VI（95.63%）.Totally 3242（92.52%） students were myopia and the prevalence of mild,moderate,and high myopia subgroup was 27.05%,44.35%,and 21.26% respectively.Totally 44（1.29%） subjects were hyperopic.The rates of uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）,presenting visual acuity（PVA）and best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）which better than 20/20 in both eyes were 5.65%,22.32% and 82.13% respectively.The rates of correction,under correction and well correction in myopia subjects were 82.73%,84.39% and 15.61%,respectively. CONCLUSION：We present a high prevalence of refractive errors and high rates of under correction refractive error among first year university students.These results may help to promote vision protection work in young adults.

超高压处理芝麻蛋白制备甘油二酯乳液及其消化和氧化特性研究

植物油粕中所含蛋白的溶解性较差,难以直接作为乳化剂用于食品乳液体系.本文通过超高压处理,改善芝麻蛋白的功能特性,用于以甘油二酯为油相的O/W乳液体系,研究其体外消化和氧化特性.结果发现,在不同消化阶段,300 MPa超高压处理芝麻蛋白所得两种乳液的粒径均较小,脂肪酸释放率较高.经14 d储存后,初级、次级油脂氧化产物的含量均升高,300 MPa处理芝麻蛋白制备的乳液较易氧化.同甘油三酯乳液相比,甘油二酯乳液体系呈现更高的消化和氧化特性.

Continuous synthesis of N,N-dicyanoethylaniline in microreactors:Reaction kinetics and process intensification

Cyanoethylation of phenylamine is one of the important steps for the production of dicyanoethyl-based disperse dyes.However,the exothermic nature of this reaction and the inherent instability of intermittent dynamic operation pose challenges in achieving both high safety and reaction efficiency.In this study,a continuous cyanoethylation of phenylamine for synthesizing N,N-dicyanoethylaniline in a microreactor system has been developed.By optimizing the reaction conditions,the reaction time was significantly reduced from over 2 h in batch operation to approximately 14 min in the microreactor,while high conversion and selectivity were maintained.Based on the reaction network constructed,the reaction kinetics was established,and the kinetic parameters were then determined.These findings provide valuable insights into a controllable cyanoethylation reaction,which would be helpful for the design of efficient processes and optimization of reactors.

并联型有源电力滤波器的模型预测电流优化控制

通过坐标变换αβ坐标构建逆变器输出电流的预测模型.通过评估函数对逆变器输出的不同电压矢量进行评估,预测所有可能出现的输出电流值.选择使评估函数取到最小值的一组电压矢量,将最小值对应的开关状态应用到下一采样周期,实现快速跟踪谐波参考电流.当采样频率较高时,针对控制算法产生的延时,建立两步预测模型进行电流预测.利用SIMULINK软件作为仿真平台, 搭建了有源电力滤波器主电路及电流控制电路.仿真结果表明,通过延时补偿的优化控制,可提高并联型有源电力滤波器的补偿特性和动态性能.

小学生双眼屈光不均衡发育的影响因素分析

目的:研究6~12岁儿童双眼屈光不均衡发育的影响因素。方法:于2019-12在天津市滨海新区两所小学采用整群抽样的方法选取儿童607人,平均年龄8.2±1.8岁,均进行光学生物测量(眼轴长度、角膜前表面平均屈光力)、睫状肌麻痹后屈光检查及问卷调查。结果:纳入儿童等效球镜度为-0.11±1.63D,双眼等效球镜度差异为-0.08±0.64D,等效球镜度差异绝对值为0.41±0.49D。检出屈光参差儿童56人,非屈光参差儿童551人,屈光参差儿童和非屈光参差儿童双眼角膜屈光力差异绝对值无差异(0.30±0.34D vs 0.27±0.24D,P=0.430),眼轴差异绝对值有差异(0.67±0.39mm vs 0.13±0.13mm,P=0.005)。多因素线性回归分析显示,每周手机/电脑使用时间、每周近距离工作时间、每周视疲劳次数、习惯阅读距离是屈光不均衡发育程度(双眼等效球镜度差异绝对值)的影响因素;习惯阅读距离、写字时利手是屈光不均衡发育偏向(双眼等效球镜度差异)的影响因素。结论:6~12岁儿童看手机/电脑时间长、近距离工作时间长、视疲劳次数增多、习惯阅读距离近可能引起屈光发育不均衡程度增加,写字时右利手且头部严重左偏和右偏的儿童右眼近视程度较左眼更深。

Comparison between two autorefractor performances in large scale vision screening in Chinese school age children

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of Grand Seiko Ref/Keratometer WAM-5500 compared to Topcon KR800 autorefractor in detecting refractive error in large scale vision screening for Chinese school age children with the WHO criteria.METHODS:A total of 886 participants were enrolled with mean age of 9.49±1.88 y from Tianjin,China.Spherical equivalent(SE)was obtained from un-cycloplegic autorefraction and cycloplegic autorefraction.Topcon KR 800(Topcon)and Grand Seiko WAM-5500(WAM)autorefractors were used.Bland-Altman Plot and regression were generated to compare their performance.The overall effectiveness of detecting early stage refractive error was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS:The mean SE was-0.98±1.81 diopter(D)and the prevalence of myopia was 48.9%defined by WHO criteria according to the result of cycloplegic autorefraction.The mean SE of un-cycloplegic autorefraction with Topcon and WAM were-1.21±1.65 and-1.20±1.68 D respectively.There was a strong linear agreement between result obtained from WAM and cycloplegic autorefraction with an R2 of 0.8318.Bland-Altman plot indicated a moderate agreement of cylinder values between the two methods.The sensitivity and specificity for detecting hyperopia were 90.52%and 83.51%;for detecting myopia were 95.60%and 90.24%;for detecting astigmatism were 79.40%and 90.21%;for detecting high myopia were 98.16%and 98.91%respectively.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that both Grand Seiko and Topcon autorefractor can be used in large-scale vision screening for detecting refractive error in Chinese population.Grand Seiko gives relatively better performance in detecting myopia,hyperopia,and high myopia for school age children.

Bilateral adrenocortical adenomas causing adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome(CS) is mostly due to unilateral tumors, with bilateral tumors rarely reported. Its common causes include primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease,ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, and bilateral adrenocortical adenomas(BAAs) or carcinomas. BAAs causing ACTHindependent CS are rare; up to now, fewer than 40 BAA cases have been reported. The accurate diagnosis and evaluation of BAAs are critical for determining optimal treatment options. Adrenal vein sampling(AVS) is a good way to diagnose ACTH-independent CS.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old woman had a typical appearance of CS. The oral glucose tolerance test showed impaired glucose tolerance and obviously increased insulin and Cpeptide levels. Her baseline serum cortisol and urine free cortisol were elevated and did not show either a circadian rhythm or suppression with dexamethasone administration. The peripheral 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin(DDVAP)stimulation test showed a delay of the peak level, which was 1.05 times as high as the baseline level. Bilateral AVS results suggested the possibility of BAAs.Abdominal computed tomography showed bilateral adrenal adenomas with atrophic adrenal glands(right: 3.1 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.9 cm; left: 2.2 cm × 1.9 cm × 2.1 cm). Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland demonstrated normal findings. A left adenomectomy by retroperitoneoscopy was performed first,followed by resection of the right-side adrenal mass 3 mo later. Biopsy results of both adenomas showed cortical tumors. Evaluations of ACTH and cortisol showed a significant decrease after left adenomectomy but could still not be suppressed, and the circadian rhythm was absent. Following bilateral adenomectomy, this patient has been administered with prednisone until now,all of her symptoms were alleviated, and she had normal blood pressure without edema in either of her lower extremities.CONCLUSION BAAs causing ACTH-independent CS are rare. AVS is of great significance for obtaining information on the functional state of BAAs before surgery.

Effects of channel wall wettability on gas-liquid dynamics mass transfer under Taylor flow in a serpentine microchannel

The wall wettability of microchannels plays an important role in the gas-liquid mass transfer dynamics under Taylor flow.In this study,we regulated the contact angle of the wall surface through surface chemical grafting polymerization under controlled experimental conditions.The dynamic changes of CO_(2)bubbles flowing along the microchannel were captured by a high-speed video camera mounted on a stereo microscope,whilst a unit cell model was employed to theoretically investigate the gas-liquid mass transfer dynamics.We quantitatively characterized the effects of wall wettability,specifically the contact angle,on the formation mechanism of gas bubbles and mass transfer process experimentally.The results revealed that the gas bubble velocity,the overall volumetric liquid phase mass transfer coefficients(kLa),and the specific interfacial area(a)all increased with the increase of the contact angle.Conversely,gas bubble length and leakage flow decreased.Furthermore,we proposed a new modified model to predict the gas-liquid two-phase mass transfer performance,based on van Baten’s and Yao’s models.Our proposed model was observed to agree reasonably well with experimental observations.

Lag of accommodation predicts clinically significant change of spherical equivalents after cycloplegia

AIM: To evaluate related factors with the change of spherical equivalents(ΔSE) and determine the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE(≥0.50 D) with cyclopentolate hydrochloride on Chinese children. METHODS: A total of 145 right eyes of 145 children aged 4 to 15 y were enrolled. Intraocular pressure, axial length and lag of accommodation(LOA) were assessed before cycloplegia induced by 3 drops of 1% cyclopentolate at 5-minute intervals. SE was measured before and 1 h after the first drop of cyclopentolate. ΔSE was compared between different gender groups and among refractive groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to find related factors with ΔSE. ROC analysis was used to figure out the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE.RESULTS: For the total 145 eyes, the mean SE reached up to-0.70±1.86 D from-1.30±1.62 D, with the mean ΔSE of 0.60±0.55 D. The mean ΔSE were 0.63±0.55 D and 0.57±0.56 D respectively in the male and female group(P=0.40). The mean ΔSE was significantly different among different refractive groups(P<0.0001), with the ΔSE of hyperopia group(1.12±0.64 D) larger than that of the emmetropia(0.56±0.43 D, P=0.001) and myopia group(0.32±0.28 D, P<0.0001). The ΔSE was correlated with LOA(B=-0.54, P<0.0001), cycloplegic SE(B=0.10, P<0.0001) and age(B=-0.04, P=0.015). ROC curve indicated that LOA predicted clinically significant ΔSE by 82% [area under the curve(AUC)=0.82] alone, while the value was slightly improved to 85%(AUC=0.85) in combination with axial length and 86%(AUC=0.86) in association with axial length as well as age.CONCLUSION: After cycloplegia with cyclopentolate, the ΔSE decreases with larger LOA, longer axial length and older age. Specifically, LOA plays a more vital role in predicting clinically significant ΔSE.

Optical wavelet-fractional squeezing combinatorial transform

By virtue of the method of integration within ordered product(IWOP)of operators we find the normally ordered form of the optical wavelet-fractional squeezing combinatorial transform(WFrST)operator.The way we successfully combine them to realize the integration transform kernel of WFr ST is making full use of the completeness relation of Dirac’s ket–bra representation.The WFr ST can play role in analyzing and recognizing quantum states,for instance,we apply this new transform to identify the vacuum state,the single-particle state,and their superposition state.

Enhanced Hole Injection and Brightness of Organic Electroluminescent Devices with Indium Tin Oxide Surface Modification Using Oxygen Plasma Treatment

The improvement of indium tin oxide(ITO)anode contact to organic electroluminescent devices via oxygen plama-treatment is investigated.Enhanced hole-injection efficiency improved the performance of organic light-emitting devices.The injection current increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude and the turn-on voltages droped several volts.Much higher injection current could be applied to achieve much higher brightness.Maximum brightness and luminous efficiency can reach to about 4000 cd/m^(2) and 0.31m/W for the structure of ITO/TPD/Alq3/Al,respectively.

Studying the Two New Convolutions of Fractional Fourier Transform by Using Dirac Notation

Based on quantum mechanical representation and operator theory,this paper restates the two new convolutions of fractional Fourier transform(FrFT)by making full use of the conversion relationship between two mutual conjugates:coordinate representation and momentum representation.This paper gives full play to the efficiency of Dirac notation and proves the convolutions of fractional Fourier transform from the perspective of quantum optics,a field that has been developing rapidly.These two new convolution methods have potential value in signal processing.

Inetetamab combined with pyrotinib and oral vinorelbine for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive advanced breast cancer:A single-arm phase 2 clinical trial

Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-targeted agents have significantly improved the outcomes of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer;however,a large proportion of patients still develop resistance to trastuzumab.In this study,we investigated the efficacy and safety of inetetamab,another anti-HER2 antibody,combined with pyrotinib and oral vinorelbine in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer so as to provide new ideas for the treatment.Methods In this prospective,single-arm,phase 2 trial,patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer with disease progression after trastuzumab were recruited.Patients received a combination of inetetamab(loading dose of 8 mg/kg and subsequent doses of 6 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks),pyrotinib(400 mg orally once daily),and vinorelbine(60 mg/m^(2)orally once weekly)until disease progression or intolerable toxicity.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).The secondary endpoints included objective response rate(ORR),overall survival(OS),disease control rate(DCR),and safety.Results Between February 13,2022 and December 25,2022,30 patients were screened and enrolled in this study.The median age of the patients at enrollment was 54 years,12 patients(40.0%)had hormone-receptor-positive disease and 23 patients(76.7%)had visceral metastasis.The median PFS was 8.63 months(95%confidence interval[CI]4.15-13.12 months).The median OS was not reached.The ORR was 53.3%(16/30)and the DCR was 96.7%(29/30).The most common Grade III/IV adverse events were leukopenia(n=5,16.7%),neutropenia(n=4,13.3%),and diarrhea(n=3,10%).No treatment-related serious adverse events or deaths occurred.Conclusions The combination regimen of inetetamab,pyrotinib,and oral vinorelbine showed encouraging efficacy and favorable safety in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer and could be considered as an alternative treatment option for the patients.

Hedgehog pathway orchestrates the interplay of histone modifications and tailors combination epigenetic therapies in breast cancer

Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment.However,in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation,how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood.We herein discover that the hedgehog(Hh)pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer,especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies.Specifically,overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1(ZIC1)in breast cancer promotes Hh activation,facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation(H3K27me)to acetylation(H3K27ac).The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes.Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft,we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer.Together,this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.

不同干旱水平下蚯蚓对番茄抗旱能力的影响

土壤无脊椎动物可能会通过促进土壤持水能力和增加土壤肥力而缓解植物的干旱胁迫。本研究采用蚯蚓和干旱水平的双因子完全交互设计,模拟了干旱胁迫条件下蚯蚓对土壤性质及番茄抗旱性的影响。结果表明,在高干旱胁迫时,蚯蚓通过增加番茄茎叶抗氧化能力提高了植物抗旱性,上调番茄茎叶脱落酸和茉莉酸生物合成过程的基因表达(NCED、NSY、OPR、AOS和LOX),促进脱落酸和茉莉酸含量分别增加43.2%和33.6%,过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶含量分别增加12.9%、8.4%和47.3%。在低干旱胁迫时,蚯蚓上调茉莉酸合成通路基因表达,但降低了脱落酸含量,对转录因子ABF4、MYC2基因表达和植物抗氧化能力无明显影响。干旱导致的土壤水分和养分条件变化影响着蚯蚓介导的植物抗旱性响应。本研究证明了土壤动物对植物抗旱的重要作用,如蚯蚓对植物激素合成、信号传导和抗氧化能力的影响。了解土壤动物影响植物抗旱的内在机制,有助于深挖和利用土壤动物的多样化生态功能。

基于2015-2019年全国卫生专业技术资格考试分析我国营养专业技术人才队伍现状

目的 了解我国当前营养专业技术人员现况,为我国营养人才队伍建设提供基础性证据支持和政策建议。方法 对2015-2019年卫生专业技术资格考试营养相关专业报考人员的数量、结构、分布等信息进行描述性统计分析。结果 2015-2019年,我国申报营养专业技术资格的人数总量为2.1万人,其中女性占73.9%,25-44岁占83.4%,本科和大专二者合计占比为78.3%,营养专业技术人员存在地域分布差异,东部地区高于中西部地区。结论 我国营养专业技术人员总量与用人需求之间存在较大缺口,需要加大对营养专业技术人员的培养力度,同时提升高层次营养专业人才的比例,以发挥营养学科在健康中国建设中的积极作用。[营养学报,2022,44(1):10-11,18]

A weighted voltage model predictive control method for a virtual synchronous generator with enhanced parameter robustness

To address the problem of insufficient system inertia and improve the power quality of grid-connected inverters,and to enhance the stability of the power system,a method to control a virtual synchronous generator(VSG)output voltage based on model predictive control(MPC)is proposed.Parameters of the inductors,capacitors and other components of the VSG can vary as the temperature and current changes.Consequently the VSG output voltage and power control accuracy using the conventional MPC method may be reduced.In this paper,to improve the parameter robustness of the MPC method,a new weighted predictive capacitor voltage control method is proposed.Through detailed theoretical analysis,the principle of the proposed method to reduce the influence of parameter errors on voltage tracking accuracy is analyzed.Finally,the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by experimental tests using the Typhoon control hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform.

Improved Fixed-Time Convergence Guidance Scheme Design and Its Application to Missile

This study presents a fixed-time convergence guidance scheme for impact time and angle control.First,two improved fixed-time stable systems are presented,which have smaller initial control command and better terminal convergence.16 An improved fixed-time extended state observer is proposed to provide accurate estimation of system states and disturbance,which effectively solves peaking value problem.Furthermore,an improved fixed-time sliding mode controller is derived,which avoids the singular problem and achieves faster convergence rate with smaller initial control command.Second,a new guidance scheme with impact angle and impact time constraints is proposed for intercepting a stationary target.By introducing a virtual target,the guidance process is divided into two stages.The proposed fixed-time controller is employed in the first stage.The method with a virtual leader ensures that the missile intercept the virtual target with desired line-of-sight angles at a specific time.By using the proportional navigation guidance law,the missile keeps travelling with desired flight-path angles to hit the real target in the second stage,17 so as to achieve the impact time and angle control.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed guidance scheme in different engagement scenarios are verified by numerical simulations with comparisons.

Sliding-mode Observer-based Grid Voltage-observation Method with Frequency-fixed Dual SOGI and Cross-compensated Phase-locked Loop

Conventional sliding-mode observer(SMO)-based grid-voltage observation methods often require a low-pass filter(LPF)to remove high-frequency sliding-mode noise.However,a complicated phase-and amplitude-compensation method,which is highly sensitive to the DC-offset,is required.A frequency-adaptive dual second-order generalized integrator(SOGI)can be used to replace the LPF,eliminating the compensation link and the effects of the DC-offset;however,strong coupling is introduced between the front-end SOGI block and back-end phase-locked loop(PLL)block,thereby reducing the dynamic performance.To solve this problem,this study proposes an SMO-based grid-voltage observation method with a frequency-fixed dual SOGI and cross-compensated PLL that can eliminate the frequency coupling between the front-end SOGI block and back-end PLL blocks,thereby increasing its dynamic performance.In this study,the phase and amplitude are compensated simultaneously using the proposed cross-compensation method,achieving an accurate observation of the grid voltage under off-nominal frequencies.An analysis of the small-signal model theoretically verified that the proposed method has good dynamic performance.Finally,the superiority of the proposed method is verified through comparative experiments.