Rapid and stable calcium-looping solar thermochemical energy storage via co-doping binary sulfate and Al–Mn–Fe oxides

Solar thermochemical energy storage based on calcium looping(CaL)process is a promising technology for next-generation concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.However,conventional calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))pellets suffer from slow reaction kinetics,poor stability,and low solar absorptance.Here,we successfully realized high power density and highly stable solar thermochemical energy storage/release by synergistically accelerating energy storage/release via binary sulfate and promoting cycle stability,mechanical strength,and solar absorptance via Al–Mn–Fe oxides.The energy storage density of proposed CaCO_(3)pellets is still as high as 1455 kJ kg^(-1)with only a slight decay rate of 4.91%over 100 cycles,which is higher than that of state-of-the-art pellets in the literature,in stark contrast to 69.9%of pure CaCO_(3)pellets over 35 cycles.Compared with pure CaCO_(3),the energy storage power density or decomposition rate is improved by 120%due to lower activation energy and promotion of Ca^(2+)diffusion by binary sulfate.The energy release or carbonation rate rises by 10%because of high O^(2-)transport ability of molten binary sulfate.Benefiting from fast energy storage/release rate and high solar absorptance,thermochemical energy storage efficiency is enhanced by more than 50%under direct solar irradiation.This work paves the way for application of direct solar thermochemical energy storage techniques via achieving fast energy storage/release rate,high energy density,good cyclic stability,and high solar absorptance simultaneously.

Nomogram model including LATS2 expression was constructed to predict the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer after surgery

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Prognostic assessments are typically based on the tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging system,which does not account for the molecular heterogeneity of this disease.LATS2,a tumor suppressor gene involved in the Hippo signaling pathway,has been identified as a potential prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer.AIM To construct and validate a nomogram model that includes LATS2 expression to predict the survival prognosis of advanced gastric cancer patients following ra-dical surgery,and compare its predictive performance with traditional TNM staging.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 245 advanced gastric cancer patients from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University was conducted.The patients were divided into a training group(171 patients)and a validation group(74 patients)to deve-lop and test our prognostic model.The performance of the model was determined using C-indices,receiver operating characteristic curves,calibration plots,and decision curves.RESULTS The model demonstrated a high predictive accuracy with C-indices of 0.829 in the training set and 0.862 in the validation set.Area under the curve values for three-year and five-year survival prediction were significantly robust,suggesting an excellent discrimination ability.Calibration plots confirmed the high concordance between the predictions and actual survival outcomes.CONCLUSION We developed a nomogram model incorporating LATS2 expression,which significantly outperformed conven-tional TNM staging in predicting the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer patients postsurgery.This model may serve as a valuable tool for individualized patient management,allowing for more accurate stratification and im-proved clinical outcomes.Further validation in larger patient cohorts will be necessary to establish its generaliza-bility and clinical utility.

Effects of different processing methods on the quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua

Background:In this study,we explored the effects of different processing methods on the quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua(PC),and the role of Huangjiu in the processing procedure.Methods:The sensory characteristics of the crude product,steamed product,and wine-processed product of PC were described.The colorimeter was used to analyze the chromatic values of three different processed products on PC.At the same time,the contents of the water extract and alcohol extract were measured separately.The content of three different processing Polygonatum Polysaccharide(PCP)was determined using 0.2%anthrone-sulfuric acid.The correlation difference between the chromatic values and chemical composition of different PC products was analyzed using various analytical methods.Results:The surface colors gradually deepened,the sweetness increased,the viscosity strengthened,and the tongue-numbing sensation disappeared after PC processing.The contents of extract and L^(*) gradually decreased from the crude to the steamed to the wine-processed product,consistent with the pattern of surface color alteration.While,E^(*)ab gradually increased.The content of PCP was crude product>wine-processed product>steamed product.The results of multivariate statistical analysis showed that the samples processed for crude,steamed,and wine-processed product were clustered into three classes.The correlation analysis showed that L^(*)and E^(*)ab were highly significant positively correlated with the content of PCP,and a*was significantly negatively correlated with the content of PCP.Conclusion:The results showed that the wine-processed product had the best quality.The internal quality of the PC was correlated with its characteristics and chromatic value.In this study,we investigated the internal and external quality of three different products of PC in order to provide a reference for further research on the impact of different processing methods on PC quality,the standardization of PC processing,and the role of Huangjiu in the processing of PC.

Efficient solar-driven CO_(2)-to-fuel conversion via Ni/MgAlO_(x)@SiO_(2)nanocomposites at low temperature

Solar-driven CO_(2)-to-fuel conversion assisted by another major greenhouse gas CH_(4)is promising to concurrently tackle energy shortage and global warming problems.However,current techniques still suffer from drawbacks of low efficiency,poor stability,and low selectivity.Here,a novel nanocomposite composed of interconnected Ni/MgAlOx nanoflakes grown on SiO_(2)particles with excellent spatial confinement of active sites is proposed for direct solar-driven CO_(2)-to-fuel conversion.An ultrahigh light-to-fuel efficiency up to 35.7%,high production rates of H_(2)(136.6 mmol min^(-1)g^(-1))and CO(148.2 mmol min^(-1)g^(-1)),excellent selectivity(H_(2)/CO ratio of 0.92),and good stability are reported simultaneously.These outstanding performances are attributed to strong metal-support interactions,improved CO_(2)absorption and activation,and decreased apparent activation energy under direct light illumination.MgAlO_(x)@SiO_(2)support helps to lower the activation energy of CH^(*) oxidation to CHO^(*) and improve the dissociation of CH_(4)to CH_(3)^(*) as confirmed by DFT calculations.Moreover,the lattice oxygen of MgAlO_(x) participates in the reaction and contributes to the removal of carbon deposition.This work provides promising routes for the conversion of greenhouse gasses into industrially valuable syngas with high efficiency,high selectivity,and benign sustainability.

仪器分析的学习策略:文献调研及参与科研

仪器分析是分析化学的一个重要分支,在化学学科中起重要的作用。然而,课程所涉及的一些仪器方法相关的理论与原理抽象难懂,而配套的仪器分析实验往往不能同时进行。本文探讨了将文献分析及科学研究融入教学内容的必要性,期望通过这种探究来弥补仪器分析教学方式的不足,提高学生的学习兴趣,推动仪器分析教学的发展。

木质素在聚合物材料中应用的研究进展

木质素是植物界仅次于纤维素的第二大生物质资源,也是植物类资源中唯一含有芳香结构的天然高分子聚合物。木质素分子结构中存在芳香基、酚羟基和醇羟基等活性基团,可以发生水解、醇解、磺化、烷基化、缩聚或接枝共聚等多种化学反应,这为木质素在聚合物材料中的应用提供了技术基础。文中以弹性体、软硬质泡沫、胶黏剂及涂料为例,综述了木质素在上述聚合物产品制备与改性中应用的最新研究进展,探讨了利用木质素制备改性聚合物产品过程中存在的挑战和潜在的解决方案,展望了木质素在未来聚合物材料中应用的研究方向。

芪明颗粒联合小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶治疗糖尿病超乳术后干眼症

目的:观察芪明颗粒联合小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶对糖尿病超声乳化术后干眼症患者的疗效。方法:收集2017-06/2018-06于我院进行白内障超声乳化术后患干眼症的2型糖尿病患者147例269眼。根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液联合双氯芬酸钠滴眼液),小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶组(在对照组用药基础上加用小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶),联合组(在小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶组用药基础上加用芪明颗粒)。三组疗程均为4wk。观察治疗后1mo患者FL、BUT及SⅠt情况,并分析各组临床疗效。结果:治疗前,三组患者BUT及SⅠt均无差异(P>0.05);治疗后1mo,小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶组和联合组BUT及SⅠt均较对照组改善,且联合组较小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶组提高更为明显(P<0.05)。此外,联合组总有效率高于小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶组(97.9%vs 89.0%,P=0.013)。结论:芪明颗粒联合小牛血去蛋白提取物治疗糖尿病患者超声乳化术后干眼症的疗效明显,能改善患者自觉症状,提高眼部舒适度及生活质量。

Molecular heterogeneity of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy efficacy is correlated with tumor immune microenvironment in East Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate how the tumor immune microenvironment differs regarding tumor genomics,as well as its impact on prognoses and responses to immunotherapy in East Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:We performed an integrated analysis using publicly available data to identify associations between anti-programmed death 1(PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)immunotherapy efficacy and classic driver oncogene mutations in East Asian NSCLC patients.Four pooled and clinical cohort analyses were used to correlate driver oncogene mutation status and tumor microenvironment based on PD-L1 and CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs).Immune infiltrating patterns were also established for genomic NSCLC subgroups using the CIBERSORT algorithm.Results:Based on East Asian NSCLC patients,TIDE analyses revealed that for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-mutant and anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)-rearranged tumors yielded inferior responses;however,although Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)-mutant tumors responded better,the difference was not statistically significant(EGFR:P=0.037;ALK:P<0.001;KRAS:P=0.701).Pooled and clinical cohort analyses demonstrated tumor immune microenvironment heterogeneities correlated with oncogenic patterns.The results showed remarkably higher PD-L1-and TIL-positive KRAS-mutant tumors,suggesting KRAS mutations may drive an inflammatory phenotype with adaptive immune resistance.However,the EGFR-mutant or ALK-rearranged groups showed a remarkably higher proportion of PD-L1-/TIL-tumors,suggesting an uninflamed phenotype with immunological ignorance.Notably,similar to triple wild-type NSCLC tumors,EGFR L858R-mutant tumors positively correlated with an inflammatory phenotype,suggesting responsiveness to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy(P<0.05).Furthermore,the CIBERSORT algorithm results revealed that EGFR-mutant and ALK-rearranged tumors were characterized by an enriched resting memory CD4+T cell population(P<0.001),as well as a lack of CD8+T cells(P<0.01),and activated memory CD4+T cells(P=0.001).Conclusions:Our study highlighted the complex relationships between immune heterogeneity and immunotherapeutic responses in East Asian NSCLC patients regarding oncogenic dependence.

Trending IC design directions in 2022

For the non-stop demands for a better and smarter society, the number of electronic devices keeps increasing exponentially;and the computation power, communication data rate, smart sensing capability and intelligence are always not enough. Hardware supports software, while the integrated circuit(IC) is the core of hardware. In this long review paper, we summarize and discuss recent trending IC design directions and challenges, and try to give the readers big/cool pictures on each selected small/hot topics. We divide the trends into the following six categories, namely, 1) machine learning and artificial intelligence(AI) chips, 2) communication ICs, 3) data converters, 4) power converters, 5) imagers and range sensors, 6) emerging directions. Hope you find this paper useful for your future research and works.

Error suppression techniques for energy-efficient high-resolution SAR ADCs

The successive approximation register(SAR)is one of the most energy-efficient analog-to-digital converter(ADC)architecture for medium-resolution applications.However,its high energy efficiency quickly diminishes when the target resolution increases.This is because a SAR ADC suffers from several major error source,including the sampling kT/C noise,the comparator noise,and the DAC mismatch.These errors are increasing hard to address in high-resolution SAR ADCs.This paper reviews recent advances on error suppression techniques for SAR ADCs,including the sampling kT/C noise reduction,the noise-shaping(NS)SAR,and the mismatch error shaping(MES).These techniques aim to boost the resolution of SAR ADCs while maintaining their superior energy efficiency.

Stability of Sn-Pb mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

The exploration of low bandgap perovskite material to approach Shockley-Queisser limit of photovoltaic device is of great significance,but it is still challenging.During the past few years,tin–lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites with low bandgaps have been rapidly developed,and their single junction solar cells have reached power conversion efficiency(PCE)over 21%,which also makes them ideal candidate as low bandgap sub-cell for tandem device.Nevertheless,due to the incorporation of unstable Sn^(2+),the stability issue becomes the vital problem for the further development of Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells(PSCs).In this review,we are dedicated to give a full view in current understanding on the stability issue of SnPb mixed perovskites and their PSCs.We begin with the demonstration on the origin of instability of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites,including oxidation of Sn^(2+),defects,and interfacial layer induced instability.Sequentially,the up-to-date developments on the stability improvement of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites and their PSCs is systematically reviewed,including composition engineering,additive engineering,and interfacial engineering.At last,the current challenges and future perspectives on the stability study of Sn-Pb mixed PSCs are discussed,which we hope could promote the further application of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites towards commercialization.

A novel recurrence-associated metabolic prognostic model for risk stratification and therapeutic response prediction in patients with stage Ⅰ lung adenocarcinoma

Objective:The proportion of patients with stageⅠlung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)has dramatically increased with the prevalence of low-dose computed tomography use for screening.Up to 30%of patients with stageⅠLUAD experience recurrence within 5 years after curative surgery.A robust risk stratification tool is urgently needed to identify patients who might benefit from adjuvant treatment.Methods:In this first investigation of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and recurrence in stageⅠLUAD,we developed a recurrence-associated metabolic signature(RAMS).This RAMS was based on metabolism-associated genes to predict cancer relapse and overall prognoses of patients with stageⅠLUAD.The clinical significance and immune landscapes of the signature were comprehensively analyzed.Results:Based on a gene expression profile from the GSE31210 database,functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant difference in metabolic reprogramming that distinguished patients with stageⅠLUAD with relapse from those without relapse.We then identified a metabolic signature(i.e.,RAMS)represented by 2 genes(ACADM and RPS8)significantly related to recurrence-free survival and overall survival times of patients with stageⅠLUAD using transcriptome data analysis of a training set.The training set was well validated in a test set.The discriminatory power of the 2 gene metabolic signature was further validated using protein values in an additional independent cohort.The results indicated a clear association between a high risk score and a very poor patient prognosis.Stratification analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the RAMS was an independent prognostic factor.We also found that the risk score was positively correlated with inflammatory response,the antigen-presenting process,and the expression levels of many immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules(e.g.,PD-L1,PD-L2,B7-H3,galectin-9,and FGL-1).These results suggested that high risk patients had immune response suppression.Further analysis revealed that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy did not have significant benefits for high risk patients.However,the patients could respond better to chemotherapy.Conclusions:This study is the first to highlight the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and recurrence in stageⅠLUAD,and is the first to also develop a clinically feasible signature.This signature may be a powerful prognostic tool and help further optimize the cancer therapy paradigm.

松南长岭断陷查干花次凹火石岭组火山碎屑岩储层特征及主控因素

松辽盆地南部长岭断陷查干花次凹火石岭组碱性火山碎屑岩储层矿物岩石成分和组构复杂,储层成因机理、成岩作用及主控因素认识不清,制约了优质储层预测和精细刻画,影响了气藏的进一步高效开发。通过镜下观察、全岩矿物分析、压汞和纳米CT扫描,并结合特殊测井,系统开展了岩石学特征、火山岩相特征、储层微观特征和裂缝特征研究。结果表明:研究区主要有脱玻化、溶蚀、蚀变等7种成岩作用,在此基础上明确了查干花次凹火山碎屑岩储层发育主控因素,认为该区火山碎屑岩属于富钠碱性火山岩,碎屑类型、矿物成分和岩石粒度是决定储层品质的物质基础,后期经过脱玻化、溶蚀和蚀变作用产生3种不同类型次生孔隙,同时构造应力作用产生的大量天然裂缝有利于形成次生孔隙,对储层微观渗流起到了改善和沟通作用,形成了具有“三孔一缝”的储层特征和独特的微观渗流场。这一认识对富钠碱性火山碎屑岩储层评价和甜点预测具有一定的指导意义,为气藏后续高效开发奠定了坚实的基础。

Schisandrae Fructus oil-induced elevation in serum triglyceride and lipoprotein concentrations associated with physiologic hepatomegaly in mice

Objective:To investigate hypertriglyceridemia and hepatomegaly caused by Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus(FSS)and Schisandra chinensis Fructus(FSC)oils in mice.Methods:Mice were orally administered a single dose of SchisandraeFructusoils.Serumandhepatictriglyceride(TG),triglyceridetransferprotein(TTP),apolipoproteinB48(Apo B48),very-low-densitylipoprotein(VLDL),hepatocytegrowth factor(HGF),alanine aminotransfease(ALT)and liver index were measured at 6-120 h post-dosing.Results:FSS and FSC oil caused time and dose-dependent increases in serum and hepatic TG levels,with maximum increases in the liver(by 297%and 340%)at 12 h post-dosing and serum(244%and 439%)at 24-h post-dosing,respectively.Schisandrae Fructus oil treatments also elevated the levels of serum TTP by 51%and63%,Apo B48 by 152%and 425%,and VLDL by 67%and 38%in mice,respectively.FSS and FSC oil treatments also increased liver mass by 53%and 55%and HGF by 106%and 174%,but lowered serum ALT activity by 38%and 22%,respectively.Fenofibrate pre/co-treatment attenuated the FSS and FSC oil-induced elevation in serum TG levels by 41%and 49%at 48 h post-dosing,respectively,but increased hepatic TG contents(by 38%and 33%,respectively)at 12 h post-dosing.Conclusions:Our findings provide evidence to support the establishment of a novel mouse model of hypertriglyceridemia by oral administration of FSS oil(mainly increasing endogenous TG)and FSC oil(mainly elevating exogenous TG).

Challenges and opportunities toward fully automated analog layout design

Realizing the layouts of analog/mixed-signal(AMS)integrated circuits(ICs)is a complicated task due to the high design flexibility and sensitive circuit performance.Compared with the advancements of digital IC layout automation,analog IC layout design is still heavily manual,which leads to a more time-consuming and error-prone process.In recent years,significant progress has been made in automated analog layout design with emerging of several open-source frameworks.This paper firstly reviews the existing state-of-the art AMS layout synthesis frameworks with focus on the different approaches and their individual challenges.We then present recent research trends and opportunities in the field.Finally,we summaries the paper with open questions and future directions for fully-automating the analog IC layout.

Chiral cation promoted interfacial charge extraction for efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells

Pb-free Sn-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have recently made inspiring progress, and power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 14.8% has been achieved. However, due to the energy-level mismatch and poor interfacial contact between commonly used hole transport layer(i.e., poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio phene):poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS) and FASnI_(3) film, it is still challenging to effectively extract holes at the interface. Owing to the p-type nature of Sn-based perovskites, the efficient hole extraction is of particular significance to improve the PCE of their solar cells. In this work, for the first time, the role of chiral cations, a-methylbenzylamine(S-/R-/rac-MBA), in promoting hole transportation of FASnI_(3)-based PSCs is demonstrated. The introduction of MBAs is found to form 2D/3D film with lowdimensional structures locating at PEDOT:PSS/FASnI_(3) interface, which facilitates the energy level alignment and efficient charge transfer at the interface. Importantly, chiral-induced spin selectivity(CISS)effect of R-MBA_(2)SnI_(4)induced by chiral R-MBA cation is found to further assist the specific interfacial transport of accumulated holes. As a result, R-MBA-based PSCs achieve decent PCE of 10.73% with much suppressed hysteresis and enhanced device stability. This work opens up a new strategy to efficiently promote the interfacial extraction of accumulated charges in working PSCs.

Preface to the Special Issue on Advanced Analog and Mixed- Mode Integrated Circuits

High performance analog and mixed signal circuits are strongly demanded in todays’system on chip systems.They found pervasive applications in A/D or D/A conversion,power management,radio frequency(RF)signal sensing and processing,clock generation,etc.In this special issue,we collected 7 comprehensive reviews and 2 research articles from leading research groups,which presented state-of-art design techniques and insight forecast of development trend in this hot area.

Air to fuel:Direct capture of CO_(2)from air and in-situ solar-driven conversion into syngas via Ni_(x)/NaA nanomaterials

Ever-increasing CO_(2)emissions and atmospheric concentration mainly due to the burning of traditional fossil fuels have caused severe global warming and climate change problems.Inspired by nature’s carbon cycle,we propose a novel dual functional catalyst-sorbent to tackle energy and environmental problems simultaneously via direct capture of CO_(2)from air and in-situ solar-driven conversion into clean fuels.Economically and operationally advantageous,the planned coupling reaction can be carried out in a single reactor without the requirement for an extra trapping device.The great CO_(2)capture and conversion performance in an integrated step is shown by the CO_(2)capacity of up to 0.38 mmol·g^(−1)for adsorption from 500 ppm CO_(2)at 25℃and the CO_(2)conversion rate of up to 95%.Importantly,the catalyst-sorbent is constituted of a nonprecious metal Ni catalyst and an inexpensive commercially available CO_(2)sorbent,viz,zeolite NaA.Furthermore,this designed dual functional material also exhibits outstanding stability performance.This work offers a novel pathway of capturing CO_(2)in the air at room temperature and converting it by CH4 into fuel,contributing to the new era of carbon neutrality.

Ureteral endometriosis: A case report

A case of endometriosis of ureter in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical School was collected and analyzed on the basis of diagnosis, physical examination and treatment. The disease was rare due to its atypical clinical symptoms so that it was difficult to diagnose. The paper aims to expand our thinking and improve the gynecologists awareness and the level of diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases through the clinical analysis of the case.

双原位合成超低填充硼酸钙/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米复合材料及其介电储能研究

引入超低含量纳米粒子至聚合物基体能够同时改善介电常数和击穿强度,从而显著提升聚合物薄膜电容储能密度,有助于器件小型化.目前溶液共混策略中的有机溶剂回收及环境安全等诸多因素限制了超低填充聚合物纳米复合材料规模化制备及应用.本文工作提出双原位合成策略:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)聚合与硼酸钙纳米粒子生长同步,无需任何溶剂实现0.2 wt%硼酸钙纳米粒子均匀分散于PET基体,且界面良好相容.聚酯纳米复合材料介电常数为4.91,最大储能密度为10.69 J/cm^(3),是纯PET 1.94倍.这种双原位合成策略能潜在扩展其他聚酯纳米复合体系,且能批量化制备,为探索聚酯纳米复合材料电能存储和其他应用提供理论依据.