依据“基于人工智能技术的工商管理发展”学术研讨会,本文结合相关研究前沿问题和国家重大需求,系统总结了当前工商管理关于人工智能研究的现状、机遇与挑战。总体来看,当前研究主要将人工智能技术作为研究工具、方法或情景,将人工智能...依据“基于人工智能技术的工商管理发展”学术研讨会,本文结合相关研究前沿问题和国家重大需求,系统总结了当前工商管理关于人工智能研究的现状、机遇与挑战。总体来看,当前研究主要将人工智能技术作为研究工具、方法或情景,将人工智能作为研究对象构建新创理论的实证研究相对不足,面临理论发展滞后、研究方法不足、研究路径单一、跨学科整合不足以及对相关伦理问题重视度不够等五大挑战。在此基础上,利用Web of Science全面检索并梳理了2022年1月至2024年3月间与人工智能主题直接相关的工商管理期刊论文225篇,归纳了当前工商管理学科各个细分方向研究的主要进展,凝练了面向人工智能的组织结构与设计、组织能力演化、组织行为与人力资源管理变革、人机协同、数字营销、金融财会风险监管、信息系统、管理哲学与文化等八大方面的关键科学问题,指出了我国工商管理学科在人工智能时代的发展目标与研究方向。展开更多
Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport...Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport and thus recombination loss at buried interface.Herein,we demonstrate an effective strategy of laser embedding of p-n homojunctions in the TiO_(2)ETL to accelerate electron transport in PSCs,through localized build-in electric fields that enables boosted electron mobility by two orders of magnitude.Such embedding is found significantly helpful for not only the enhanced crystallization quality of TiO_(2)ETL,but the fabrication of perovskite films with larger-grain and the less-trap-states.The embedded p-n homojunction enables also the modulation of interfacial energy level between perovskite layers and ETLs,favoring for the reduced voltage deficit of PSCs.Benefiting from these merits,the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))PSCs employing such ETLs deliver a champion efficiency of 25.50%,along with much-improved device stability under harsh conditions,i.e.,maintain over 95%of their initial efficiency after operation at maximum power point under continuous heat and illumination for 500 h,as well as mixed-cation PSCs with a champion efficiency of 22.02%and over 3000 h of ambient storage under humidity stability of 40%.Present study offers new possibilities of regulating charge transport layers via p-n homojunction embedding for high performance optoelectronics.展开更多
There has been a growing interest in screening programs designed to detect chronic progressive cancers in the asymptomatic stage, with the expectation that early detection will result in a better prognosis. One key el...There has been a growing interest in screening programs designed to detect chronic progressive cancers in the asymptomatic stage, with the expectation that early detection will result in a better prognosis. One key element of early detection programs is a screening test. An accurate screening test is more effective in finding cases with early-stage diseases. Sensitivity, the conditional probability of getting a positive test result when one truly has a disease, represents one measure of accuracy for a screening test. Since the true disease status is unknown, it is not straightforward to estimate the sensitivity directly from observed data. Furthermore, the sensitivity is associated with other parameters related to the disease progression. This feature introduces additional numerical complexity and limitations, especially when the sensitivity depends on age. In this paper, we propose a new approach that, through combinatorial manipulation of probability statements, formulates the age-dependent sensitivity. This formulation has an exact and simple expression and can be estimated based on directly observable probabilities. This approach also helps evaluate other parameters associated with the natural history of disease more accurately. The proposed method was applied to estimate the mammography sensitivity for breast cancer using the data from the Health Insurance Plan trial.展开更多
为保护和修复青藏高原生态系统,我国在青藏高原实施了一系列政策与生态工程。全面掌握生态系统恢复状况对科学制定区域生态系统保护与恢复策略具有重大意义。本文选取植被净初级生产力、植被覆盖度、水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙5个指...为保护和修复青藏高原生态系统,我国在青藏高原实施了一系列政策与生态工程。全面掌握生态系统恢复状况对科学制定区域生态系统保护与恢复策略具有重大意义。本文选取植被净初级生产力、植被覆盖度、水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙5个指标,利用地面和遥感数据并结合生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs,InVEST)模型、修正的通用水土流失方程(Revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE)和修正风蚀方程(Revised wind erosion equation,RWEQ)等方法,评估2000—2019年青藏高原生态系统恢复程度与恢复潜力。结果表明:青藏高原生态系统功能逐步提升,但部分地区仍有退化趋势。其中,生态系统基本稳定的面积最大,占比为42.03%;青藏高原植被覆盖度恢复潜力指数为29.57%。其中,植被覆盖度恢复潜力指数较大的地区主要位于青藏高原中西部。政府未来应因地制宜,对水热环境较好且恢复潜力大的地区积极采取相关措施,对生态恢复潜力大但恢复难度较高的地区采取人工修复和自然恢复相结合的方法,提高生态工程效率。展开更多
利用地面和遥感数据,采用GIS分析与模型模拟等方法,计算并分析了2000—2019年长江上游生态系统宏观结构、生态系统质量和生态系统服务的时空变化状况,利用相关分析法定量评估了生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系,并讨论了生态系统变化对生...利用地面和遥感数据,采用GIS分析与模型模拟等方法,计算并分析了2000—2019年长江上游生态系统宏观结构、生态系统质量和生态系统服务的时空变化状况,利用相关分析法定量评估了生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系,并讨论了生态系统变化对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明:(1)长江上游聚落生态系统面积增加显著,农田和荒漠面积明显减少,陆地生态系统以草地、森林和农田之间转换为主。(2)2000—2019年,长江上游生态系统质量和服务总体稳定向好,部分区域转差。植被固碳量整体呈增加趋势,局部降低,多年递增速率为1.65 Tg/a;土壤保持服务功能呈波动中上升趋势,多年递增速率为2.20 t hm^(-2)a^(-1);水源涵养服务功能轻微下降,部分年际间变化较大。(3)长江上游生态系统的植被固碳与土壤保持、水源涵养与土壤保持之间以协同关系为主,植被固碳与水源涵养之间的权衡和协同关系比例相近。(4)气候是影响生态系统服务变化的主导因素,人类活动影响生态系统服务变化,最终改变生态系统服务之间的协同与权衡关系。展开更多
Microtubule catalyzes the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin,a kind of molecular motor,through its crucial roles in kinesin's gating,ATPase and force-generation process.These functions of microtubule are realized th...Microtubule catalyzes the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin,a kind of molecular motor,through its crucial roles in kinesin's gating,ATPase and force-generation process.These functions of microtubule are realized through the kinesin-microtubule interaction.The binding site of kinesin on the microtubule surface is fixed.For most of the kinesin-family members,the binding site on microtubule is in the groove betweenα-tubulin andβ-tubulin in a protofilament.The mechanism of kinesin searching for the appropriate binding site on microtubule is still unclear.Using the molecular dynamics simulation method,we investigate the interactions between kinesin-1 and the different binding positions on microtubule.The key non-bonded interactions between the motor domain and tubulins in kinesin's different nucleotide-binding states are listed.The differences of the amino-acid sequences betweenα-andβ-tubulins make kinesin-1 binding to theα–βgroove much more favorable than to theβ–αgroove.From these results,a two-step mechanism of kinesin-1 to discriminate the correct binding site on microtubule is proposed.Most of the kinesin-family members have the conserved motor domain and bind to the same site on microtubule,the mechanism may also be shared by other family members of kinesin.展开更多
As a new type of nerve regulation technology, Vagus Nerve Stimulation is currently used in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation has become one of the research hotspots in this fi...As a new type of nerve regulation technology, Vagus Nerve Stimulation is currently used in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation has become one of the research hotspots in this field, because there is no implantation risk. However, there is no unified standard for the treatment parameters of aVNS for nervous system diseases. In this paper, the research progress of the anatomical structure and parameters of the vagus nerve and its role in nervous system diseases are reviewed to provide basis for further research.展开更多
文摘依据“基于人工智能技术的工商管理发展”学术研讨会,本文结合相关研究前沿问题和国家重大需求,系统总结了当前工商管理关于人工智能研究的现状、机遇与挑战。总体来看,当前研究主要将人工智能技术作为研究工具、方法或情景,将人工智能作为研究对象构建新创理论的实证研究相对不足,面临理论发展滞后、研究方法不足、研究路径单一、跨学科整合不足以及对相关伦理问题重视度不够等五大挑战。在此基础上,利用Web of Science全面检索并梳理了2022年1月至2024年3月间与人工智能主题直接相关的工商管理期刊论文225篇,归纳了当前工商管理学科各个细分方向研究的主要进展,凝练了面向人工智能的组织结构与设计、组织能力演化、组织行为与人力资源管理变革、人机协同、数字营销、金融财会风险监管、信息系统、管理哲学与文化等八大方面的关键科学问题,指出了我国工商管理学科在人工智能时代的发展目标与研究方向。
基金financially supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202115 and 52172101)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722586)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1085)the Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team(2023-CX-TD-44)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC005 and G2022KY0604)。
文摘Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport and thus recombination loss at buried interface.Herein,we demonstrate an effective strategy of laser embedding of p-n homojunctions in the TiO_(2)ETL to accelerate electron transport in PSCs,through localized build-in electric fields that enables boosted electron mobility by two orders of magnitude.Such embedding is found significantly helpful for not only the enhanced crystallization quality of TiO_(2)ETL,but the fabrication of perovskite films with larger-grain and the less-trap-states.The embedded p-n homojunction enables also the modulation of interfacial energy level between perovskite layers and ETLs,favoring for the reduced voltage deficit of PSCs.Benefiting from these merits,the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))PSCs employing such ETLs deliver a champion efficiency of 25.50%,along with much-improved device stability under harsh conditions,i.e.,maintain over 95%of their initial efficiency after operation at maximum power point under continuous heat and illumination for 500 h,as well as mixed-cation PSCs with a champion efficiency of 22.02%and over 3000 h of ambient storage under humidity stability of 40%.Present study offers new possibilities of regulating charge transport layers via p-n homojunction embedding for high performance optoelectronics.
文摘There has been a growing interest in screening programs designed to detect chronic progressive cancers in the asymptomatic stage, with the expectation that early detection will result in a better prognosis. One key element of early detection programs is a screening test. An accurate screening test is more effective in finding cases with early-stage diseases. Sensitivity, the conditional probability of getting a positive test result when one truly has a disease, represents one measure of accuracy for a screening test. Since the true disease status is unknown, it is not straightforward to estimate the sensitivity directly from observed data. Furthermore, the sensitivity is associated with other parameters related to the disease progression. This feature introduces additional numerical complexity and limitations, especially when the sensitivity depends on age. In this paper, we propose a new approach that, through combinatorial manipulation of probability statements, formulates the age-dependent sensitivity. This formulation has an exact and simple expression and can be estimated based on directly observable probabilities. This approach also helps evaluate other parameters associated with the natural history of disease more accurately. The proposed method was applied to estimate the mammography sensitivity for breast cancer using the data from the Health Insurance Plan trial.
文摘为保护和修复青藏高原生态系统,我国在青藏高原实施了一系列政策与生态工程。全面掌握生态系统恢复状况对科学制定区域生态系统保护与恢复策略具有重大意义。本文选取植被净初级生产力、植被覆盖度、水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙5个指标,利用地面和遥感数据并结合生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs,InVEST)模型、修正的通用水土流失方程(Revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE)和修正风蚀方程(Revised wind erosion equation,RWEQ)等方法,评估2000—2019年青藏高原生态系统恢复程度与恢复潜力。结果表明:青藏高原生态系统功能逐步提升,但部分地区仍有退化趋势。其中,生态系统基本稳定的面积最大,占比为42.03%;青藏高原植被覆盖度恢复潜力指数为29.57%。其中,植被覆盖度恢复潜力指数较大的地区主要位于青藏高原中西部。政府未来应因地制宜,对水热环境较好且恢复潜力大的地区积极采取相关措施,对生态恢复潜力大但恢复难度较高的地区采取人工修复和自然恢复相结合的方法,提高生态工程效率。
文摘利用地面和遥感数据,采用GIS分析与模型模拟等方法,计算并分析了2000—2019年长江上游生态系统宏观结构、生态系统质量和生态系统服务的时空变化状况,利用相关分析法定量评估了生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系,并讨论了生态系统变化对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明:(1)长江上游聚落生态系统面积增加显著,农田和荒漠面积明显减少,陆地生态系统以草地、森林和农田之间转换为主。(2)2000—2019年,长江上游生态系统质量和服务总体稳定向好,部分区域转差。植被固碳量整体呈增加趋势,局部降低,多年递增速率为1.65 Tg/a;土壤保持服务功能呈波动中上升趋势,多年递增速率为2.20 t hm^(-2)a^(-1);水源涵养服务功能轻微下降,部分年际间变化较大。(3)长江上游生态系统的植被固碳与土壤保持、水源涵养与土壤保持之间以协同关系为主,植被固碳与水源涵养之间的权衡和协同关系比例相近。(4)气候是影响生态系统服务变化的主导因素,人类活动影响生态系统服务变化,最终改变生态系统服务之间的协同与权衡关系。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.A2020202007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11605038)。
文摘Microtubule catalyzes the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin,a kind of molecular motor,through its crucial roles in kinesin's gating,ATPase and force-generation process.These functions of microtubule are realized through the kinesin-microtubule interaction.The binding site of kinesin on the microtubule surface is fixed.For most of the kinesin-family members,the binding site on microtubule is in the groove betweenα-tubulin andβ-tubulin in a protofilament.The mechanism of kinesin searching for the appropriate binding site on microtubule is still unclear.Using the molecular dynamics simulation method,we investigate the interactions between kinesin-1 and the different binding positions on microtubule.The key non-bonded interactions between the motor domain and tubulins in kinesin's different nucleotide-binding states are listed.The differences of the amino-acid sequences betweenα-andβ-tubulins make kinesin-1 binding to theα–βgroove much more favorable than to theβ–αgroove.From these results,a two-step mechanism of kinesin-1 to discriminate the correct binding site on microtubule is proposed.Most of the kinesin-family members have the conserved motor domain and bind to the same site on microtubule,the mechanism may also be shared by other family members of kinesin.
文摘As a new type of nerve regulation technology, Vagus Nerve Stimulation is currently used in the treatment of nervous system diseases. Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation has become one of the research hotspots in this field, because there is no implantation risk. However, there is no unified standard for the treatment parameters of aVNS for nervous system diseases. In this paper, the research progress of the anatomical structure and parameters of the vagus nerve and its role in nervous system diseases are reviewed to provide basis for further research.
