In this paper,to deal with the heterogeneity in federated learning(FL)systems,a knowledge distillation(KD)driven training framework for FL is proposed,where each user can select its neural network model on demand and ...In this paper,to deal with the heterogeneity in federated learning(FL)systems,a knowledge distillation(KD)driven training framework for FL is proposed,where each user can select its neural network model on demand and distill knowledge from a big teacher model using its own private dataset.To overcome the challenge of train the big teacher model in resource limited user devices,the digital twin(DT)is exploit in the way that the teacher model can be trained at DT located in the server with enough computing resources.Then,during model distillation,each user can update the parameters of its model at either the physical entity or the digital agent.The joint problem of model selection and training offloading and resource allocation for users is formulated as a mixed integer programming(MIP)problem.To solve the problem,Q-learning and optimization are jointly used,where Q-learning selects models for users and determines whether to train locally or on the server,and optimization is used to allocate resources for users based on the output of Q-learning.Simulation results show the proposed DT-assisted KD framework and joint optimization method can significantly improve the average accuracy of users while reducing the total delay.展开更多
To carefully implement the rural revitalization strategy,further promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply front,implement the "155 Development Strategy",speed up the cultivation of the modern...To carefully implement the rural revitalization strategy,further promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply front,implement the "155 Development Strategy",speed up the cultivation of the modern agricultural industrial clusters with output of 100 billion yuan,and constantly consolidate the industrial foundation of the " Second City in Chengdu-Chongqing Line",the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government of Nanchong City decided to implement the " 300 Demonstration Projects" of modern agriculture. It firmly grasps the " bull nose"( key part) of the project,energetically implements the construction of 100 modern circular agricultural demonstration parks,100 agricultural leading enterprises with output value of 100 billion yuan,and 100 agricultural new business model demonstration projects( hereinafter referred to as 300 Demonstration Projects),to realize the goal of the output value of the modern agriculture industrial clusters of Nanchong City exceeds 100 billion yuan in 2020.展开更多
Industrial clusters have an obvious role in promoting regional economic development and can enhance region core competitiveness.In order to rapidly promote the economic development of Nanchong,from the aspects of agri...Industrial clusters have an obvious role in promoting regional economic development and can enhance region core competitiveness.In order to rapidly promote the economic development of Nanchong,from the aspects of agricultural resources,brand advantages,modern agricultural demonstration zones,deep processing of agricultural products and cold chain logistics,the development status of modern agricultural industrial clusters of 100 billion output in Nanchong City is summarized in this article. For existing problems,resolution strategies are proposed from the aspects of focuses,work paths and safeguards.展开更多
With the increasing demand for petroleum,shale oil with considerable reserves has become an important part of global oil resources.The shale oil reservoir has a large number of nanopores and a complicated mineral comp...With the increasing demand for petroleum,shale oil with considerable reserves has become an important part of global oil resources.The shale oil reservoir has a large number of nanopores and a complicated mineral composition,and the effect of nanopore confinement and pore type usually makes the effective development of shale oil challenging.For a shale oil reservoir,CO_(2) flooding can effectively reduce the oil viscosity and improve the reservoir properties,which can thus improve the recovery performance.In this study,the method of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulation is used to simulate the CO_(2) flooding process in the nanoscale pores of shale oil reservoir.The performance difference between the organic kerogen slit nanopore and four types of inorganic nanopores is discussed.Thus,the effects of nanopore type and displacement velocity on the nanoscale displacement behavior of CO_(2) are analyzed.Results indicate that the CO_(2) flooding process of different inorganic pores is different.In comparison,the displacement efficiency of light oil components is higher,and the transport distance is longer.The intermolecular interaction can significantly affect the CO_(2) displacement behavior in nanopores.The CO_(2) displacement efficiency is shown as montmorillonite,feldspar>quartz>calcite>kerogen.On the other hand,it is found that a lower displacement velocity can benefit the miscibility process between alkane and CO_(2),which is conducive to the overall displacement process of CO_(2).The displacement efficiency can significantly decrease with the increase in displacement velocity.But once the displacement velocity is very high,the strong driving force can promote the alkane to move forward,and the displacement efficiency will recover slightly.This study further reveals the microscopic oil displacement mechanism of CO_(2) in shale nanopores,which is of great significance for the effective development of shale oil reservoirs by using the method of CO_(2) injection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the ...BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the individual tumor and the degree of hypercalcemia.CASE SUMMARY The aim of this report is to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of three cases of PC and to review and conclude aspects regarding the three collected cases with reference to other relevant cases to explore the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of PC.All three patients had hypercalcemia,consisting of a high serum calcium level and a high level of parathyroid hormone that was>2-fold(even>30-fold)of the normal upper limit.The ultrasonographic findings of the parathyroid gland showed that the glands were all>30 mm,and the internal echo was uneven.All patients underwent surgery.PC in three cases was confirmed by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION As clinical signs and laboratory results are nonspecific,it is difficult to diagnose PC preoperatively,so imaging examinations are often needed.展开更多
To further explore the role of rituximab when added to the CHOP-like regimen in the treatment of immunohistochemically defined non-germinal center B-cell subtype (non-GCB) diffuse large B-celllymphoma (DLBCL), 159 new...To further explore the role of rituximab when added to the CHOP-like regimen in the treatment of immunohistochemically defined non-germinal center B-cell subtype (non-GCB) diffuse large B-celllymphoma (DLBCL), 159 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were studied retrospectively based on the immunohistochemical evaluation of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2. Altogether, 110 patients underwent the CHOP-like regimen, and rituximab was added for the other 49 patients. Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the CHOP-like regimen, the rituximab-based regimen (R-CHOP regimen)significantly decreased the risk of disease relapse and progression in CD10-negative patients (P=0.001),Bcl-6-negative patients (P=0.01), and MUM-1-positive patients (P=0.003). The risk of disease relapse in patients with non-GCB subtype (P=0.002) also decreased. In contrast, patients with the opposite immunohistochemical marker expression profile and GCB subtype did not benefit from treatment with the R-CHOP regimen. In addition, non-GCB subtype patients had a significantly higher expression rate of Bcl-2 than GCB subtype patients (P=0.042). Although univariate analysis found that both Bcl-2-positive and-negative patients had significantly higher event-free survival rates with the R-CHOP regimen, only Bcl-2 positivity (P=0.004) maintained significance in the Cox regression analysis. We conclude that the addition of rituximab can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with non-GCB subtype DLBCL, which is closely related to the expression of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2.展开更多
Two experiments were conducted to in- vestigate the effects of net energy （NE） level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein （CP） diets supplemented with crystalline amino aci...Two experiments were conducted to in- vestigate the effects of net energy （NE） level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein （CP） diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids （CAA）. A total of 216 （Exp. 1） and 360 （Exp. 2 ） barrows （ Yorkshire × Landrace× Duroc ） were allotted to one of six treatments （n =6）. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and consisted of a high-CP diet that contained approximately 16% CP and 2.50 Mcal/kg of NE as well as five low-CP diets in which the CP level of the diet was reduced by approximately four percentage units but was supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. The low CP diets provided 2.64, 2.58, 2.50, 2.42, or 2.36 Mcal/kg in Exp. 1 as well as 2.45, 2.40, 2.35, 2.30, or 2.25 Mcai/kg in Exp.2. In Exp. 1, a linear （P=0.03） increase in weight gain was observed with decreasing NE level while the ratio of gain to feed was unaffect- ed （P 〉 0.05） by NE level. There was a linear in-crease （P = 0.01 ） in the percentage of fat-free lean and a linear decrease （ P = 0.03 ） in the percentage of total fat with decreasing NE levels. In Exp. 2, a sig- nificant quadratic （ P = 0.03 ） effect of NE level was observed for weight gain. The ratio of gain to feed demonstrated a significant （P 〈0.01 ） quadratic effect with pigs fed 2.35 and 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE, Pigs fed the diet containing 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE had the lowest percentage of total fat （36. 95% ） and the highest percentage of fat-free lean （49.36%）. The overall results of these experiments indicate that feed- ing either a surplus or a deficiency of NE is detrimen- tal to both pig performance and carcass composition when low CP diets supplemented with CAA are fed. Our results indicate that when the CP content of the diet is reduced by four percentage units and the diet is properly supplemented with CAA, maximum per- formance and carcass quality will be obtained if the diet provides approximately 2.42 Mcal/kg of NE.展开更多
AIM To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of pT1 N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) that are associated with tumor recurrence. METHODS We reviewed 216 pT1 N0 thoracic ESCC cases who underwent es...AIM To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of pT1 N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) that are associated with tumor recurrence. METHODS We reviewed 216 pT1 N0 thoracic ESCC cases who underwent esophagectomy and thoracoabdominal two-field lymphadenectomy without preoperative chemoradiotherapy. After excluding those cases with clinical follow-up recorded fewer than 3 mo and those who died within 3 mo of surgery, we included 199 cases in the current analysis. Overall survival and recurrencefree survival were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinicopathological characteristics associated with any recurrence or distant recurrence were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Early recurrence(≤ 24 mo) and correlated parameters were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTS Forty-seven(24%) patients had a recurrence at 3 to 178(median, 33) mo. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 80.7%. None of 13 asymptomatic cases had a recurrence. Preoperative clinical symptoms, upper thoracic location, ulcerative or intraluminal mass macroscopic tumor type, tumor invasion depth level, basaloid histology, angiolymphatic invasion, tumor thickness, submucosal invasion thickness, diameter of the largest single tongue of invasion, and complete negative aberrant p53 expression were significantly related to tumor recurrence and/or recurrence-free survival. Upper thoracic tumor location, angiolymphatic invasion, and submucosal invasion thickness were independent predictors of tumor recurrence(Hazard ratios = 3.26, 3.42, and 2.06, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively), and a nomogram for predicting recurrence-free survival with these three predictors was constructed. Upper thoracic tumor location and angiolymphatic invasion were independent predictors of distant recurrence. Upper thoracic tumor location, angiolymphatic invasion, submucosal invasion thickness, and diameter of the largest single tongue of invasion were independent predictors of early recurrence.CONCLUSION These results should be useful for designing optimal individual follow-up and therapy for patients with T1 N0 ESCC.展开更多
Previous studies have reported age-specific pathological and functional outcomes in young and aged patients suffering spinal cord injury,but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined mice wit...Previous studies have reported age-specific pathological and functional outcomes in young and aged patients suffering spinal cord injury,but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined mice with spinal cord injury. Gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database （accession number GSE93561） were used, including spinal cord samples from 3 young injured mice （2–3-months old, induced by Impactor at Th9 level） and 3 control mice （2–3-months old, no treatment）, as well as 2 aged injured mice （15–18-months old, induced by Impactor at Th9 level） and 2 control mice （15–18-months old, no treatment）. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in spinal cord tissue from injured and control mice were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method,with a threshold of adjusted P 〈 0.05 and ｜logFC（fold change）｜ 〉 1.5. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed using data from the STRING database, followed by module analysis by Cytoscape software to screen crucial genes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the underlying functions of DEGs using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Consequently, 1,604 and 1,153 DEGs were identified between injured and normal control mice in spinal cord tissue of aged and young mice, respectively. Furthermore, a Venn diagram showed that 960 DEGs were shared among aged and young mice, while 644 and 193 DEGs were specific to aged and young mice, respectively. Functional enrichment indicates that shared DEGs are involved in osteoclast differentiation, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Unique genes for aged and young injured groups were involved in the cell cycle （upregulation of PLK1） and complement （upregulation of C3） activation, respectively. These findings were confirmed by functional analysis of genes in modules （common, 4; aged, 2; young, 1） screened from protein–protein interaction networks. Accordingly, cell cycle and complement inhibitors may be specific treatments for spinal cord injury in aged and young mice, respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB1807700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)under Grant No.62071356the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mobile Communications Technology under Grant cqupt-mct202202。
文摘In this paper,to deal with the heterogeneity in federated learning(FL)systems,a knowledge distillation(KD)driven training framework for FL is proposed,where each user can select its neural network model on demand and distill knowledge from a big teacher model using its own private dataset.To overcome the challenge of train the big teacher model in resource limited user devices,the digital twin(DT)is exploit in the way that the teacher model can be trained at DT located in the server with enough computing resources.Then,during model distillation,each user can update the parameters of its model at either the physical entity or the digital agent.The joint problem of model selection and training offloading and resource allocation for users is formulated as a mixed integer programming(MIP)problem.To solve the problem,Q-learning and optimization are jointly used,where Q-learning selects models for users and determines whether to train locally or on the server,and optimization is used to allocate resources for users based on the output of Q-learning.Simulation results show the proposed DT-assisted KD framework and joint optimization method can significantly improve the average accuracy of users while reducing the total delay.
基金the Project of National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Area of the Ministry of Agriculture(Nong Ji Fa[2010]22)Project of Nanchong City National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Area Agricultural Reform and Construction Pilot Demonstration Area of the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Finance(Nong Cai Fa[2013]13)Project of Nanchong City Nanchong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Ministry of Science and Technology(Guo Ke Ban Nong[2015]9)
文摘To carefully implement the rural revitalization strategy,further promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply front,implement the "155 Development Strategy",speed up the cultivation of the modern agricultural industrial clusters with output of 100 billion yuan,and constantly consolidate the industrial foundation of the " Second City in Chengdu-Chongqing Line",the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government of Nanchong City decided to implement the " 300 Demonstration Projects" of modern agriculture. It firmly grasps the " bull nose"( key part) of the project,energetically implements the construction of 100 modern circular agricultural demonstration parks,100 agricultural leading enterprises with output value of 100 billion yuan,and 100 agricultural new business model demonstration projects( hereinafter referred to as 300 Demonstration Projects),to realize the goal of the output value of the modern agriculture industrial clusters of Nanchong City exceeds 100 billion yuan in 2020.
基金Nanchong City National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone of Ministry of AgricultureNanchong City National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone and Agricultural Reform and Construction Pilot Demonstration Zone of Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of FinanceNanchong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park of Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘Industrial clusters have an obvious role in promoting regional economic development and can enhance region core competitiveness.In order to rapidly promote the economic development of Nanchong,from the aspects of agricultural resources,brand advantages,modern agricultural demonstration zones,deep processing of agricultural products and cold chain logistics,the development status of modern agricultural industrial clusters of 100 billion output in Nanchong City is summarized in this article. For existing problems,resolution strategies are proposed from the aspects of focuses,work paths and safeguards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52004303)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.3212020).
文摘With the increasing demand for petroleum,shale oil with considerable reserves has become an important part of global oil resources.The shale oil reservoir has a large number of nanopores and a complicated mineral composition,and the effect of nanopore confinement and pore type usually makes the effective development of shale oil challenging.For a shale oil reservoir,CO_(2) flooding can effectively reduce the oil viscosity and improve the reservoir properties,which can thus improve the recovery performance.In this study,the method of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulation is used to simulate the CO_(2) flooding process in the nanoscale pores of shale oil reservoir.The performance difference between the organic kerogen slit nanopore and four types of inorganic nanopores is discussed.Thus,the effects of nanopore type and displacement velocity on the nanoscale displacement behavior of CO_(2) are analyzed.Results indicate that the CO_(2) flooding process of different inorganic pores is different.In comparison,the displacement efficiency of light oil components is higher,and the transport distance is longer.The intermolecular interaction can significantly affect the CO_(2) displacement behavior in nanopores.The CO_(2) displacement efficiency is shown as montmorillonite,feldspar>quartz>calcite>kerogen.On the other hand,it is found that a lower displacement velocity can benefit the miscibility process between alkane and CO_(2),which is conducive to the overall displacement process of CO_(2).The displacement efficiency can significantly decrease with the increase in displacement velocity.But once the displacement velocity is very high,the strong driving force can promote the alkane to move forward,and the displacement efficiency will recover slightly.This study further reveals the microscopic oil displacement mechanism of CO_(2) in shale nanopores,which is of great significance for the effective development of shale oil reservoirs by using the method of CO_(2) injection.
文摘BACKGROUND Parathyroid carcinoma(PC)is a rare,slow-growing malignant tumor and a rare cause of primary hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid,with a highly variable clinical course,depending on the aggressiveness of the individual tumor and the degree of hypercalcemia.CASE SUMMARY The aim of this report is to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of three cases of PC and to review and conclude aspects regarding the three collected cases with reference to other relevant cases to explore the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of PC.All three patients had hypercalcemia,consisting of a high serum calcium level and a high level of parathyroid hormone that was>2-fold(even>30-fold)of the normal upper limit.The ultrasonographic findings of the parathyroid gland showed that the glands were all>30 mm,and the internal echo was uneven.All patients underwent surgery.PC in three cases was confirmed by routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSION As clinical signs and laboratory results are nonspecific,it is difficult to diagnose PC preoperatively,so imaging examinations are often needed.
文摘To further explore the role of rituximab when added to the CHOP-like regimen in the treatment of immunohistochemically defined non-germinal center B-cell subtype (non-GCB) diffuse large B-celllymphoma (DLBCL), 159 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were studied retrospectively based on the immunohistochemical evaluation of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2. Altogether, 110 patients underwent the CHOP-like regimen, and rituximab was added for the other 49 patients. Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the CHOP-like regimen, the rituximab-based regimen (R-CHOP regimen)significantly decreased the risk of disease relapse and progression in CD10-negative patients (P=0.001),Bcl-6-negative patients (P=0.01), and MUM-1-positive patients (P=0.003). The risk of disease relapse in patients with non-GCB subtype (P=0.002) also decreased. In contrast, patients with the opposite immunohistochemical marker expression profile and GCB subtype did not benefit from treatment with the R-CHOP regimen. In addition, non-GCB subtype patients had a significantly higher expression rate of Bcl-2 than GCB subtype patients (P=0.042). Although univariate analysis found that both Bcl-2-positive and-negative patients had significantly higher event-free survival rates with the R-CHOP regimen, only Bcl-2 positivity (P=0.004) maintained significance in the Cox regression analysis. We conclude that the addition of rituximab can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with non-GCB subtype DLBCL, which is closely related to the expression of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China (No.NSFC30525029)
文摘Two experiments were conducted to in- vestigate the effects of net energy （NE） level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein （CP） diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids （CAA）. A total of 216 （Exp. 1） and 360 （Exp. 2 ） barrows （ Yorkshire × Landrace× Duroc ） were allotted to one of six treatments （n =6）. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and consisted of a high-CP diet that contained approximately 16% CP and 2.50 Mcal/kg of NE as well as five low-CP diets in which the CP level of the diet was reduced by approximately four percentage units but was supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. The low CP diets provided 2.64, 2.58, 2.50, 2.42, or 2.36 Mcal/kg in Exp. 1 as well as 2.45, 2.40, 2.35, 2.30, or 2.25 Mcai/kg in Exp.2. In Exp. 1, a linear （P=0.03） increase in weight gain was observed with decreasing NE level while the ratio of gain to feed was unaffect- ed （P 〉 0.05） by NE level. There was a linear in-crease （P = 0.01 ） in the percentage of fat-free lean and a linear decrease （ P = 0.03 ） in the percentage of total fat with decreasing NE levels. In Exp. 2, a sig- nificant quadratic （ P = 0.03 ） effect of NE level was observed for weight gain. The ratio of gain to feed demonstrated a significant （P 〈0.01 ） quadratic effect with pigs fed 2.35 and 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE, Pigs fed the diet containing 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE had the lowest percentage of total fat （36. 95% ） and the highest percentage of fat-free lean （49.36%）. The overall results of these experiments indicate that feed- ing either a surplus or a deficiency of NE is detrimen- tal to both pig performance and carcass composition when low CP diets supplemented with CAA are fed. Our results indicate that when the CP content of the diet is reduced by four percentage units and the diet is properly supplemented with CAA, maximum per- formance and carcass quality will be obtained if the diet provides approximately 2.42 Mcal/kg of NE.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81402463CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),No.2016-I2M-1-001 and No.2016-I2M-3-005the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2016ZX310178 and No.2017PT32001
文摘AIM To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of pT1 N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) that are associated with tumor recurrence. METHODS We reviewed 216 pT1 N0 thoracic ESCC cases who underwent esophagectomy and thoracoabdominal two-field lymphadenectomy without preoperative chemoradiotherapy. After excluding those cases with clinical follow-up recorded fewer than 3 mo and those who died within 3 mo of surgery, we included 199 cases in the current analysis. Overall survival and recurrencefree survival were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinicopathological characteristics associated with any recurrence or distant recurrence were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Early recurrence(≤ 24 mo) and correlated parameters were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTS Forty-seven(24%) patients had a recurrence at 3 to 178(median, 33) mo. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 80.7%. None of 13 asymptomatic cases had a recurrence. Preoperative clinical symptoms, upper thoracic location, ulcerative or intraluminal mass macroscopic tumor type, tumor invasion depth level, basaloid histology, angiolymphatic invasion, tumor thickness, submucosal invasion thickness, diameter of the largest single tongue of invasion, and complete negative aberrant p53 expression were significantly related to tumor recurrence and/or recurrence-free survival. Upper thoracic tumor location, angiolymphatic invasion, and submucosal invasion thickness were independent predictors of tumor recurrence(Hazard ratios = 3.26, 3.42, and 2.06, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively), and a nomogram for predicting recurrence-free survival with these three predictors was constructed. Upper thoracic tumor location and angiolymphatic invasion were independent predictors of distant recurrence. Upper thoracic tumor location, angiolymphatic invasion, submucosal invasion thickness, and diameter of the largest single tongue of invasion were independent predictors of early recurrence.CONCLUSION These results should be useful for designing optimal individual follow-up and therapy for patients with T1 N0 ESCC.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scientists of China,No.81601052
文摘Previous studies have reported age-specific pathological and functional outcomes in young and aged patients suffering spinal cord injury,but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined mice with spinal cord injury. Gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database （accession number GSE93561） were used, including spinal cord samples from 3 young injured mice （2–3-months old, induced by Impactor at Th9 level） and 3 control mice （2–3-months old, no treatment）, as well as 2 aged injured mice （15–18-months old, induced by Impactor at Th9 level） and 2 control mice （15–18-months old, no treatment）. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in spinal cord tissue from injured and control mice were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method,with a threshold of adjusted P 〈 0.05 and ｜logFC（fold change）｜ 〉 1.5. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed using data from the STRING database, followed by module analysis by Cytoscape software to screen crucial genes. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the underlying functions of DEGs using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Consequently, 1,604 and 1,153 DEGs were identified between injured and normal control mice in spinal cord tissue of aged and young mice, respectively. Furthermore, a Venn diagram showed that 960 DEGs were shared among aged and young mice, while 644 and 193 DEGs were specific to aged and young mice, respectively. Functional enrichment indicates that shared DEGs are involved in osteoclast differentiation, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Unique genes for aged and young injured groups were involved in the cell cycle （upregulation of PLK1） and complement （upregulation of C3） activation, respectively. These findings were confirmed by functional analysis of genes in modules （common, 4; aged, 2; young, 1） screened from protein–protein interaction networks. Accordingly, cell cycle and complement inhibitors may be specific treatments for spinal cord injury in aged and young mice, respectively.
