Reducing the global cancer burden with gastrointestinal screening: China's 30 years practice

Gastrointestinal(GI) cancers include esophageal [EC(International Classification of Disease 10^(th) revision: C15)], gastric [GC(C16)], and colorectal [CRC(C18-C21)] cancers. China is a high-incidence country of GI cancers.

Serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction suppresses glutamate-induced PC12 cell injury

Glutamate application is an established method of inducing PC12 cell injury. PC12 cells were cultured with serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction consisting of moschus, Carthamus tinctonus, Rhizoma chuanxiong, Semen pruni persicae, and Radix Paeoniae Rubra. After 24 hours of co-cultivation, glutamate （12.5 mM） was added to the culture medium. We found that serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction prevented the increase in reactive oxygen species, and the decreases in superoxide dismutase and Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity, induced by glutamate. It also reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde, enhanced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, inhibited the elevation of cellular calcium, and decreased phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I1. Thus, serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction had protective effects on cell proliferation and membrane permeability in glutamate-injured PC12 cells.

Tissue cell differentiation and multicellular evolution via cytoskeletal stiffening in mechanically stressed microenvironments

Evolution of eukaryotes from simple cells to complex multicellular organisms remains a mystery. Our postulate is that cytoskeletal stiffening is a necessary condition for evolution of complex multicellular organisms from early simple eukaryotes. Recent findings show that embryonic stem cells are as soft as primitive eukaryotes-amoebae and that differentiated tissue cells can be two orders of magnitude stiffer than embryonic stem cells. Soft embryonic stem cells become stiff as they differentiate into tissue cells of the complex multicellular organisms to match their microenvironment stiffness. We perhaps see in differentiation of embryonic stem cells (derived from inner cell mass cells) the echo of those early evolutionary events. Early soft unicellular organisms might have evolved to stiffen their cytoskeleton to protect their structural integrity from external mechanical stresses while being able to maintain form, to change shape, and to move.

Influence of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process and Shot Peening on Fretting Fatigue Performance of Ti-6Al-4V

At present,there are many studies on the residual stress field and plastic strain field introduced by surface strengthening,which can well hinder the initiation of early fatigue cracks and delay the propagation of fatigue cracks.However,there are few studies on the effects of these key factors on fretting wear.In the paper,shot-peening(SP)and ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)were performed on Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens.The surface hardness and residual stresses of the material were tested by vickers indenter and X-ray diffraction residual stress analyzer.Microhardness were measured by HXD-1000MC/CD micro Vickers hardness tester.The effects of different surface strengthening on its fretting fatigue properties were verified by fretting fatigue experiments.The fretting fatigue fracture surface and wear morphology of the specimens were studied and analyzed by means of microscopic observation,and the mechanism of improving fretting fatigue life by surface strengthening process was further explained.After USRP treatment,the surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V is significantly improved.In addition,the microhardness of the specimen after SP reaches the maximum at 80μm from the surface,which is about 123%higher than that of the AsR specimen.After USRP,it reaches the maximum at 150μm from the surface,which is about 128%higher than that of AsR specimen.It is also found that the residual compressive stress of the specimens treated by USRP and SP increases first and then decreases with the depth direction,and the residual stress reaches the maximum on the sub surface.The USRP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.18 mm,about−550 MPa,while the SP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.1 mm,about−380 MPa.The fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V effectively improved after USRP and SP.The surface integrity of specimens after USRP is the best,which has deeper residual compressive stress layer and more refined grain.In this paper,a fretting wear device is designed to carry out fretting fatigue experiments on specimens with different surface strengthening.

Data mining-based model and risk prediction of colorectal cancer by using secondary health data:A systematic review

Objective:Prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer(CRC)can increase the chances of successful treatment and reduce burden.Various data mining technologies have been utilized to strengthen the early detection of CRC in primary care.Evidence synthesis on the model’s effectiveness is scant.This systematic review synthesizes studies that examine the effect of data mining on improving risk prediction of CRC.Methods:The PRISMA framework guided the conduct of this study.We obtained papers via Pub Med,Cochrane Library,EMBASE and Google Scholar.Quality appraisal was performed using Downs and Black’s quality checklist.To evaluate the performance of included models,the values of specificity and sensitivity were comparted,the values of area under the curve(AUC)were plotted,and the median of overall AUC of included studies was computed.Results:A total of 316 studies were reviewed for full text.Seven articles were included.Included studies implement techniques including artificial neural networks,Bayesian networks and decision trees.Six articles reported the overall model accuracy.Overall,the median AUC is 0.8243[interquartile range(IQR):0.8050-0.8886].In the two articles that reported comparison results with traditional models,the data mining method performed better than the traditional models,with the best AUC improvement of 10.7%.Conclusions:The adoption of data mining technologies for CRC detection is at an early stage.Limited numbers of included articles and heterogeneity of those studies implied that more rigorous research is expected to further investigate the techniques’effects.

Structural analysis of DMD gene and its clinical application in Chinese.Ⅰ. Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragment,RFLP and carrier detection

This article is one of the serial studies oll the characteristics of the molecular structure for dystrophin gene in Chinese. By using the entire dystrophin cDNA (14 kb) as a probe- the number and RFLPs of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments of the dystrophin gene were analysed. Four new Bgl Ⅱ fragments were found, two of them (3.7 and 6.2 kb) detected by comparing the hybridization patterns with cDNA1-2a. 1a and 2a, one (9.3 kb) from the hybridization pattern with cDNA 9 by lengthening migrating distance of DNA fragments in electrophoresis. and another one (4.0 kb) by comparing the patterns with cDNA 11-14,11a- 11b’ 11c-12a and 14. The results indicated that the number of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments should be 59 rather than 55 reported previously, which laid the foundation of the Bgl Ⅱ partial restriction map for dystrophin gene. Three of the four RFLPs found in Caucacian appear in the hybridization patterns of three subclones, i.e.cDNA 2b-3. cDNA 4-5, and cDNA 5b-7.’ The values of expected heterozygote frequency (EHF) were 0.33, 0.33and 0.40 and the observed heterozygote frequency (OHF)were 0.40. 0.40 and 0.48 respectively. Meanwhile, two new rare allelic fragments (15 kb) were found in RFLPs from Bgl Ⅱ/2b-3 and Bgl Ⅱ/4-5a patterns respectively. These Bgl Ⅱ RFLPs and four XbaI RFLPs documented in our laboratory, have been used to detect the carrier in 7 DMDfamilies and 1 BMD family. Of the 69 individuals from the 8 families- 11 females were diagnosed as the carriers with DMD mutation, 4 females as the doubtful carriers, 12 females were defined as normal genotype and 2 females as probably normal. The results suggest that the carrier testing method based on dosage intensity analysis and genotype analysis by using dystrophin cDNA as a probe will be more sensitive and accurate.

果园风送喷雾精准控制方法研究进展

果园风送喷雾技术与装备正在朝着精准化和智能化方向发展。果园喷雾控制对象主要为喷施药量和风力供给量,二者需要协同精准调控,其按需调控的前提是果园靶标精准探测。该文从果园靶标探测方法、喷施药量控制方法、风力调控方法 3个方面对现有研究进展进行综述,阐述了基于光电感知、超声波传感、激光雷达、图像、光谱和电子鼻技术探测果树位置、冠层外形轮廓、冠层体积、冠层内部结构、枝叶稠密程度、病虫害程度等特征信息的技术方法;分析了喷施药量调控方法中管道总药量控制方法在管道设计、混药方式、药液流量控制策略方面技术和产品化上取得的巨大突破,以及喷头药量独立控制方法研究方面获得的大量成果;综述了果园风送喷雾风速风量需求理论原则、风场雾场建模方法、风力调控方法与调控装备研究进展,指出了其基本理论原则、建模调控方法等科学问题还有待深入探索。同时,还分析了目前研究在果园靶标探测方法、喷施药量调控方法和风送喷雾风力调控方法中面临的困难和挑战,主要包括冠层稠密程度和病虫害程度高效感知方法探索、靶标风力需求普适模型构建、风场建模风力按需调控方法研究和精准喷雾技术与系统集成开发。最后指出了果园风送喷雾精准控制方法未来发展方向:1)果园靶标冠层枝叶稠密程度和病虫害程度在线探测方法将成为新的研究热点;2)果园风送喷雾风速风量供给需求理论原则、风场快速模拟仿真和风力调控方法与装备是未来重要研究方向;3)随着高新科技的涌现,科研院所和公司有望在果园喷雾药量和风力调控系统优化设计及精准喷雾机系统集成研发方面获得更大发展。

基于地面激光雷达的田间花生冠层高度测量系统研制

在花生育种研究中对于冠层高度的获取主要依靠人工测量,不但费时费力,而且存在一定的主观性。为解决这一问题,该文构建了一个田间花生冠层高度特性表型信息获取系统,利用地面激光雷达Li DAR对花生冠层结构进行扫描,获取其三维点云数据;采用多项式曲线拟合算法对点云数据进行分析,描绘冠层的大致轮廓并确定其边界,以得到目标冠层的有效数据集;通过对有效点云数据集生成的冠层高度矩阵分析,得到冠层的高度特性。试验结果表明,利用该系统获取的花生冠层平均高度与手工测量值最小偏差为2%,最大偏差为32%,最大偏差受地形影响和植株早期冠层本身的低高度所致,平均测量偏差约为11%,位于15%的可接受范围之内。该系统可以实现田间花生冠层高度信息的快速自动化获取,减少了人力成本的投入,该研究可为花生育种研究提供参考。

All‑Covalent Organic Framework Nanofilms Assembled Lithium‑Ion Capacitor to Solve the Imbalanced Charge Storage Kinetics

Free-standing covalent organic framework(COFs)nanofilms exhibit a remarkable ability to rapidly intercalate/de-intercalate Li^(+) in lithium-ion batteries,while simultaneously exposing affluent active sites in supercapacitors.The development of these nanofilms offers a promising solution to address the persistent challenge of imbalanced charge storage kinetics between battery-type anode and capacitor-type cathode in lithium-ion capacitors(LICs).Herein,for the first time,custom-made COFBTMB-TP and COFTAPB-BPY nanofilms are synthesized as the anode and cathode,respectively,for an all-COF nanofilm-structured LIC.The COFBTMB-TP nanofilm with strong electronegative–CF3 groups enables tuning the partial electron cloud density for Li^(+) migration to ensure the rapid anode kinetic process.The thickness-regulated cathodic COFTAPB-BPY nanofilm can fit the anodic COF nanofilm in the capacity.Due to the aligned 1D channel,2D aromatic skeleton and accessible active sites of COF nanofilms,the whole COFTAPB-BPY//COFBTMB-TP LIC demonstrates a high energy density of 318 mWh cm^(−3) at a high-power density of 6 W cm^(−3),excellent rate capability,good cycle stability with the capacity retention rate of 77%after 5000-cycle.The COFTAPB-BPY//COFBTMB-TP LIC represents a new benchmark for currently reported film-type LICs and even film-type supercapacitors.After being comprehensively explored via ex situ XPS,7Li solid-state NMR analyses,and DFT calculation,it is found that the COFBTMB-TP nanofilm facilitates the reversible conversion of semi-ionic to ionic C–F bonds during lithium storage.COFBTMB-TP exhibits a strong interaction with Li^(+) due to the C–F,C=O,and C–N bonds,facilitating Li^(+) desolation and absorption from the electrolyte.This work addresses the challenge of imbalanced charge storage kinetics and capacity between the anode and cathode and also pave the way for future miniaturized and wearable LIC devices.

Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff optimization of multiple horizontal wells with complex fracture networks in the M unconventional reservoir

The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unconventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective method to improve oil recovery factor from unconventional oil reservoirs. Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff becomes preferable when the CO_(2) source is limited. However, the impact of complex fracture networks and well interference on the EOR performance of multiple MFHWs is still unclear. The optimal gas huff-n-puff parameters are significant for enhancing oil recovery. This work aims to optimize the hydrocarbon gas injection and production parameters for multiple MFHWs with complex fracture networks in unconventional oil reservoirs. Firstly, the numerical model based on unstructured grids is developed to characterize the complex fracture networks and capture the dynamic fracture features.Secondly, the PVT phase behavior simulation was carried out to provide the fluid model for numerical simulation. Thirdly, the optimal parameters for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff were obtained. Finally, the dominant factors of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff under complex fracture networks are obtained by fuzzy mathematical method. Results reveal that the current pressure of hydrocarbon gas injection can achieve miscible displacement. The optimal injection and production parameters are obtained by single-factor analysis to analyze the effect of individual parameter. Gas injection time is the dominant factor of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff in unconventional oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff of multiple MFHWs considering the complex fracture networks.

大豆花药优势表达基因GmFLA22a调控雄性育性的功能研究

我国大豆对外依赖度高,加速提高大豆产量是目前亟需解决的问题。利用杂种优势是大幅提高作物产量的有效途径之一,近年来基于隐性核不育基因开发的智能雄性不育系统,为快速利用大豆杂种优势提供了可能。但是,大豆雄性不育基因研究相对滞后。本研究基于课题组大豆花器官转录组数据,筛选到在大豆早期花药中优势表达基因GmFLA22a,编码含有FAS1结构域的成束状阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白,亚细胞定位表明其可能在内质网中发挥功能。利用基因编辑技术获得Gmfla22a突变体,突变体植株在营养生长阶段与对照组相比没有明显差异,但在生殖生长阶段表现为结实率显著降低。Gmfla22a突变体花粉活力和花粉萌发率均无明显异常,组织切片并染色观察发现,突变体植株花药室壁增厚,花粉粒释放延迟、不完全,这可能是导致Gmfla22a结实率降低的原因。综上,本研究初步揭示GmFLA22a可能参与调控大豆雄性育性,为深入揭示其分子功能提供重要遗传材料,同时为大豆杂种优势利用提供基因资源和理论依据。

Effect of Mn content on microstructure and properties of AlCrCuFeMnx high-entropy alloy

AlCrCuFeMnx(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,and 2)high-entropy alloys were prepared using the vacuum arc melting technology.The microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCrCuFeMnxwere analyzed and tested by XRD,SEM,TEM,nanoindentation,and electronic universal testing.The results indicate that the AlCrCuFeMnxhigh-entropy alloy exhibits a dendritic structure,consisting of dendrites with a BCC structure,interdendrite regions with an FCC structure,and precipitates with an ordered BCC structure that form within the dendrite.Manganese(Mn)has a strong affinity for dendritic,interdendritic,and precipitate structures,allowing it to easily enter these areas.With an increase in Mn content,the size of the precipitated nanoparticles in the dendritic region initially increases and then decreases.Similarly,the area fraction initially decreases and then increases.Additionally,the alloy’s strength and wear resistance decrease,while its plasticity increases.The Al Cr Cu Fe Mn1.5alloy boasts excellent mechanical properties,including a hardness of 360 HV and a wear rate of 2.4×10^(-5)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·mm^(-1).It also exhibits impressive yield strength,compressive strength,and deformation rates of 960 MPa,1,700 MPa,and 27.5%,respectively.

Unlocking epigenetics for precision treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma

Ewing’s sarcoma(EWS)is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents and young adults.Despite the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in some cases,the cure rate for patients with metastatic and recurrent disease remains low.Therefore,there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to address the challenges associated with EWS treatment.Epigenetic regulation,a crucial factor in physiological processes,plays a significant role in controlling cell proliferation,maintaining gene integrity,and regulating transcription.Recent studies highlight the importance of abnormal epigenetic regulation in the initiation and progression of EWS.A comprehensive understanding of the intricate interactions between EWS and aberrant epigenetic regulation is essential for advancing clinical drug development.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both epigenetic targets implicated in EWS,integrating various therapeutic modalities to offer innovative perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of EWS.

Interferon-gamma regulates the progression of neuroblastoma cells through interferon-regulatory factor-1

Objective:This study aimed to elucidate the influence of IFN-gamma(IFN-γ)in neuroblastoma(NB)cells and reveal its potential underlying molecular mechanism.Methods:The Cell Counting Kit-8,Transwell apparatus,and flow cytometry were employed to assess cellular viability,migratory capacity,invasive potential,and apoptotic rates,respectively.RNA-seq combined with bioinformatics analysis revealed differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and their possible biological functions.Protein levels were determined by western blot analysis.Results:IFN-γtreatment resulted in diminished cell viability,mitigated migratory and invasive capabilities,and augmented apoptotic activity in the SK-N-BE(2)cell line,whereas it exhibited the opposite effect in SH-SY5Y cells.Furthermore,interferon regulatory factor 1(IRF-1)was the common DEG in both IFN-γ-treated SK-N-BE(2)and SH-SY5Y cells.Additionally,we found that it was underexpressed in NB tissues.The depletion of IRF-1 promoted the progression of both SK-N-BE(2)and SH-SY5Y cells.Moreover,IRF-1 knockdown effectively counteracted the effects of IFN-γon SK-N-BE(2)cells,while exacerbating them in SH-SY5Y cells.Conclusion:This study verified that IFN-γexerted a distinct role in both N-Myc-and non-N-Myc-amplified NB cells,partially by mediating the expression of IRF-1,suggesting that it may serve as a potent agent for treating patients with NB.

Genetically Predicted Plasma Levels of Amino Acids and Endometriosis:A Mendelian Randomization Study

Endometriosis(EMS)is one of the most common disorders among women of reproductive age and affects approximately 6%–10%of the world total population^([1]).Women with EMS often experience symptoms such as dysmenorrhea,infertility,or difficulties in conceiving.Recent studies focusing on amino acids(AAs)metabolism have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of EMS^([2]).

Moxibustion at ST36 activates peritoneal macrophages in CTX-induced immunosuppression in mouse model via IFN-γ

Background:To explored whether moxa cone moxibustion can reduce peritoneal inflammation by increasing the content of peritoneal macrophages and B cells via interferon-gamma.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into three groups with six mice in each group:the control group,model group,and moxibustion group,and the model was established in mice using cyclophosphamide.In the moxibustion group,the mice received moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36)for 7 days.Analysis of Peritoneal cell were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,the protein expression level in the peritoneal fluid were measured with mouse cytokine antibody arrays and verified by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test,and RNA-Sequencing was used for peritoneal cell RNA analysis.Results:Our results showed that moxa cone moxibustion could reduce the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells(P<0.05).With the cytokine array analysis and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test of peritoneal fluid,we found that IFN‐γwas up-regulated in moxibustion group(P<0.05).There were 169 genes were down-regulated in the model group and up-regulated in the moxibustion group while 19 genes that were up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated in the moxibustion group via RNA-sequencing.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of 188 intersect differentially expressed genes were found that the top 3 pathways with the highest enrichment of up-regulated genes included Hematopoietic cell lineage,Inflammatory bowel disease and Malaria.The differentially expressed genes visualization protein-protein interaction network shows the top 10 genes including Ifng,Grb2,CCR7,CTLA4,CXCR5,Foxp3,kit,PRF1,CD5 and klrg1.Conclusion:These findings showed that moxa cone moxibustion can alleviate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea by reducing the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity,possibly through up-regulating inflammatory bowel disease signaling pathway via interferon-gamma to regulate the survival and function of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells.

Magnetism Measurements of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Antiferromagnet CrPS_(4)Using Dynamic Cantilever Magnetometry

Recent experimental and theoretical work has focused on two-dimensional van der Waals(2D vdW)magnets due to their potential applications in sensing and spintronics devises.In measurements of these emerging materials,conventional magnetometry often encounters challenges in characterizing the magnetic properties of small-sized vdW materials,especially for antiferromagnets with nearly compensated magnetic moments.Here,we investigate the magnetism of 2D antiferromagnet CrPS_(4)with a thickness of 8nm by using dynamic cantilever magnetometry(DCM).

分析化学教学改革热点与发展趋势可视化分析

针对分析化学理论及实验教学改革,运用CiteSpace工具深入分析了我国分析化学教学改革的文献资料。通过可视化分析识别出分析化学教学中的关键改革热点,如融合翻转课堂、互联网+、慕课等现代教育技术的实践教学模式。同时探讨了课程思政融合、信息化教学和新工科理念等前沿教学趋势,旨在为分析化学的教学改革提供理论依据。

A review of the development of asphalt foaming technology

To comprehensively assess the current state-of-art in asphalt foaming technology, the following four key aspectshave been reviewed systematically: foaming principles, test methods, evaluation indicators, and influencing factors.Key findings reveal that asphalt foaming was primarily driven by the vaporization of water, with deteriorationprocesses including bubble collapse and liquid film drainage. However, the current understanding of asphaltfoaming principles remains limited, primarily due to difficulties in capturing and precisely measuring its microscopic behaviors during asphalt foaming process. Volume changes provided an intuitive means to evaluate theexpansion capacity of asphalt and its foaming stability. Bubble evolution characteristics of foamed asphalt offeredpromising insights into its foaming performance. Traditional ruler and stopwatch-based assessments were beingsuperseded by automated techniques like laser and ultrasonic ranging. Nevertheless, the current measuringequipment still lacks the capability to comprehensively evaluate the foaming effect of asphalt across various dimensions. Asphalt temperature and foaming water consumption significantly affected asphalt foaming performance, and the inclusion of foaming agents typically led to a notable increase in the half life of foamed asphalt.However, the interaction between foaming agents and asphalt, as well as the underlying mechanisms affecting thefoaming effect, are still unclear and require further exploration. Future research should primarily focus on thecorrelation between asphalt foaming effect and mixture performance, aiming to guide the practical engineeringapplication of foamed asphalt mixtures and enlarge the advantages of such low-emission and sustainable mixtures.

User Association and Wireless Backhaul Bandwidth Allocation for 5G Heterogeneous Networks in the Millimeter-Wave Band

The user association and wireless backhaul bandwidth allocation for a two-tier heterogeneous network （HetNet） in the mil- limeter wave （mmWave） band is proposed in this article. The two-tier HetNet is built up with a macro base station （MBS） and several small cell SBSs, where the MBS is assumed to be equipped with large-scale antenna arrays but the SBSs only have single-antenna capa- bility and they rely on the wireless link to the MBS for backhaul. The sum of logarithmic user rate, which is established according to the result of multi-user Multiple Input Mul- tiple Output （MIMO） downlink employing Zero-Force Beamforming （ZFBF）, is chosen as the network utility for the objective func- tion. And a distributed optimization algorithm based on primal and dual decomposition is used to jointly optimize the user association variable xj,z and the wireless backhaul band- width factor α. Simulation results reveal that the distributed optimization algorithm jointly optimizing two variables outperforms the con- ventional SINR-based user association strate- gies.