In the Forest Department of Bangladesh, a Participatory Agroforestry Program （PAP） was initiated at a denuded Sal forests area to protect the forest resources and to alleviate poverty amongst the local poor populati...In the Forest Department of Bangladesh, a Participatory Agroforestry Program （PAP） was initiated at a denuded Sal forests area to protect the forest resources and to alleviate poverty amongst the local poor population. We explored whether the PAP reduced poverty and what factors might be responsible for poverty alleviation. We used three poverty measurement methods： the Head Count Index, the Poverty Gap Index and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index to determine the extent poverty reduction. We used a linear regression model to determine the possible differences among factors in poverty reduction. Data were collected through semi structured questionnaires and face to face interviews within the study area. PAP proved effective at poverty alleviation, considerably improving the local situation. The linear regression model showed that PAP output explained the income differences in poverty reduction. Participants identified bureaucracy and illegal money demands by forest department officials, an uncontrolled market system, and underdeveloped road infrastructure as the main obstacles to reduction of poverty. Overall, PAP is quite successful in alleviating poverty. So this program might be of interest at other degraded forest areas as a tool to alleviate poverty.展开更多
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） is a multifactorial disease with strong genetic components. Various genetic loci have been associated with clinical AAA, but few studies have investigated pathological AAA,...Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） is a multifactorial disease with strong genetic components. Various genetic loci have been associated with clinical AAA, but few studies have investigated pathological AAA, an intermediate phenotype of the disease. Methods We examined 2263 consecutive autopsies of older Japanese subjects from a study on geriatric diseases in Japanese individuals （The JG-SNP study）. The presence of AAA was determined with a pathological diagnosis during autopsy. Single nucleotide variants （SNVs） associated with AAA were determined with an Illumina HumanExome Beadchip array. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine ge- netic associations. Age, gender, and other risk factors of AAA were analyzed as covariates. Results 118 subjects with AAA and 2145 sub- jects without AAA were analyzed in a case-control setting. No variants reached significance after applying the Bonferroni correction （P 〈 2.05×10^-6）. The strongest associations were found with rs3750092 （p.E321G, OR： 0.36, 95% CI： 0.24-0.56, P = 6.09 ×10^-6）, a variant in the WAS/WASL interacting protein family 3 （WIPF3）, and with rs1051338 （p.T16P, OR： 2.50, 95% CI： 1.70-3.66, P = 2.79 ×10^-6） and rs2246942 （intronic, OR： 2.32, 95% CI： 1.58-3.41, P = 1.61 ×10^-5）, variants in the lysosomal acid lipase A （LIPA）. LIPA is essential for macrophage cholesterol metabolism. Immunohistological analyses of WIPF3 protein in AAA samples from three subjects revealed that WIPF3 was expressed in macrophages ofatheromatous plaques. Conclusions This study suggests that WIPF3 and LIPA, both of which are expressed in the macrophages are involved in pathological AAA. These results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating; thus, replication study is warranted.展开更多
Decentralize in forest management policies towards more people-oriented approaches has become major policy trends in many of the world’s developing countries during the last decade. However, the power of important ac...Decentralize in forest management policies towards more people-oriented approaches has become major policy trends in many of the world’s developing countries during the last decade. However, the power of important actors to misuse the participatory forestry (PF) approach for their self-interests has been stated as a main problem to success. So, this study attempted to identify the most powerful actors and the extent at which they influence the outcomes of PF, and also to measure the impact of PF on livelihood assets of participants. The empirical data were collected from the well-established PF programs at Madhupur Sal forests area of Bangladesh. The results showed that the forest department (FD) proved itself as the most powerful and influential actor in every element of power analysis in PF. Regarding to livelihood analysis, the results revealed that the overall value of participants’ livelihood assets was 0.85 and it was significantly differed from the non-participants value of 0.66. However, the development of human, physical and financial assets was not indicating a decent improvement like as natural and social assets of participants. So, it is necessary to pay more attention to boost up participants’ human and financial assets through intensive training and adopting proper tree-crop production techniques, and also ensuring alternative livelihoods approaches to the local people. In addition, the local government will need to pay more emphasis on constructing village roads and infrastructure so as to enhance physical assets of the local people. Finally, the study would recommend promoting PF with apposite government facilities and also empowering local participants in order to balance the power among different actors, and this will facilitate the participants in governing all of their development activities efficiently.展开更多
Monapinones A(1)to E(5),half parts of dinapinones,were produced by fermentation of Talaromyces pinophilus FKI-3864 in seawater-containing medium and have a common dihydronaphthopyranone skeleton with a different long ...Monapinones A(1)to E(5),half parts of dinapinones,were produced by fermentation of Talaromyces pinophilus FKI-3864 in seawater-containing medium and have a common dihydronaphthopyranone skeleton with a different long alkyl chain.The relative stereochemistries of 3–5 were elucidated by various NMR experiments including analysis of 1 H NMR coupling constants,ROESY and the dihedral angles.The absolute stereochemistries of 3–5 at C-3 were determined by the circular dichroism spectra in comparison to the data of(R)-and(S)-semivioxanthins(6 and 7).Accordingly,total absolute stereochemistries of 3–5 were concluded to be 3S,13R,15R,17R,19R,3S,13R,15R,17R and 3S,13R,15R,respectively.展开更多
A new iridoid glucoside,10-O-veratroyleranthemoside（1） was isolated from the roots of Wendlandia tinctoria.The structure was established by spectroscopic（including 2D NMR） and chemical methods.
文摘In the Forest Department of Bangladesh, a Participatory Agroforestry Program （PAP） was initiated at a denuded Sal forests area to protect the forest resources and to alleviate poverty amongst the local poor population. We explored whether the PAP reduced poverty and what factors might be responsible for poverty alleviation. We used three poverty measurement methods： the Head Count Index, the Poverty Gap Index and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index to determine the extent poverty reduction. We used a linear regression model to determine the possible differences among factors in poverty reduction. Data were collected through semi structured questionnaires and face to face interviews within the study area. PAP proved effective at poverty alleviation, considerably improving the local situation. The linear regression model showed that PAP output explained the income differences in poverty reduction. Participants identified bureaucracy and illegal money demands by forest department officials, an uncontrolled market system, and underdeveloped road infrastructure as the main obstacles to reduction of poverty. Overall, PAP is quite successful in alleviating poverty. So this program might be of interest at other degraded forest areas as a tool to alleviate poverty.
文摘Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） is a multifactorial disease with strong genetic components. Various genetic loci have been associated with clinical AAA, but few studies have investigated pathological AAA, an intermediate phenotype of the disease. Methods We examined 2263 consecutive autopsies of older Japanese subjects from a study on geriatric diseases in Japanese individuals （The JG-SNP study）. The presence of AAA was determined with a pathological diagnosis during autopsy. Single nucleotide variants （SNVs） associated with AAA were determined with an Illumina HumanExome Beadchip array. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine ge- netic associations. Age, gender, and other risk factors of AAA were analyzed as covariates. Results 118 subjects with AAA and 2145 sub- jects without AAA were analyzed in a case-control setting. No variants reached significance after applying the Bonferroni correction （P 〈 2.05×10^-6）. The strongest associations were found with rs3750092 （p.E321G, OR： 0.36, 95% CI： 0.24-0.56, P = 6.09 ×10^-6）, a variant in the WAS/WASL interacting protein family 3 （WIPF3）, and with rs1051338 （p.T16P, OR： 2.50, 95% CI： 1.70-3.66, P = 2.79 ×10^-6） and rs2246942 （intronic, OR： 2.32, 95% CI： 1.58-3.41, P = 1.61 ×10^-5）, variants in the lysosomal acid lipase A （LIPA）. LIPA is essential for macrophage cholesterol metabolism. Immunohistological analyses of WIPF3 protein in AAA samples from three subjects revealed that WIPF3 was expressed in macrophages ofatheromatous plaques. Conclusions This study suggests that WIPF3 and LIPA, both of which are expressed in the macrophages are involved in pathological AAA. These results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating; thus, replication study is warranted.
文摘Decentralize in forest management policies towards more people-oriented approaches has become major policy trends in many of the world’s developing countries during the last decade. However, the power of important actors to misuse the participatory forestry (PF) approach for their self-interests has been stated as a main problem to success. So, this study attempted to identify the most powerful actors and the extent at which they influence the outcomes of PF, and also to measure the impact of PF on livelihood assets of participants. The empirical data were collected from the well-established PF programs at Madhupur Sal forests area of Bangladesh. The results showed that the forest department (FD) proved itself as the most powerful and influential actor in every element of power analysis in PF. Regarding to livelihood analysis, the results revealed that the overall value of participants’ livelihood assets was 0.85 and it was significantly differed from the non-participants value of 0.66. However, the development of human, physical and financial assets was not indicating a decent improvement like as natural and social assets of participants. So, it is necessary to pay more attention to boost up participants’ human and financial assets through intensive training and adopting proper tree-crop production techniques, and also ensuring alternative livelihoods approaches to the local people. In addition, the local government will need to pay more emphasis on constructing village roads and infrastructure so as to enhance physical assets of the local people. Finally, the study would recommend promoting PF with apposite government facilities and also empowering local participants in order to balance the power among different actors, and this will facilitate the participants in governing all of their development activities efficiently.
文摘Monapinones A(1)to E(5),half parts of dinapinones,were produced by fermentation of Talaromyces pinophilus FKI-3864 in seawater-containing medium and have a common dihydronaphthopyranone skeleton with a different long alkyl chain.The relative stereochemistries of 3–5 were elucidated by various NMR experiments including analysis of 1 H NMR coupling constants,ROESY and the dihedral angles.The absolute stereochemistries of 3–5 at C-3 were determined by the circular dichroism spectra in comparison to the data of(R)-and(S)-semivioxanthins(6 and 7).Accordingly,total absolute stereochemistries of 3–5 were concluded to be 3S,13R,15R,17R,19R,3S,13R,15R,17R and 3S,13R,15R,respectively.
基金supported by a grant(No.SR/S 1-OC-75/2009) from DST,New Delhi
文摘A new iridoid glucoside,10-O-veratroyleranthemoside（1） was isolated from the roots of Wendlandia tinctoria.The structure was established by spectroscopic（including 2D NMR） and chemical methods.
