Effectiveness and safety of combined nimotuzumab and S-1 chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer in malnourished and elderly patients:A prospective phaseⅡstudy

Objective:Definitive chemoradiotherapy(dCRT)is the standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer.However,this treatment is associated with substantial toxicity,and most malnourished or elderly patients are unable to complete this therapy.Therefore,there is a need for a more suitable radiotherapy combination regimen for this population.This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen comprising chemotherapy with nimotuzumab and S-1 and concurrent radiotherapy for patients with fragile locally advanced esophageal cancer with a high Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002)score.Methods:Eligible patients with unresectable esophageal carcinoma who had an NRS-2002 score of 2 or higher were enrolled.They were treated with S-1 and nimotuzumab with concurrent radiotherapy,followed by surgery or definitive radiotherapy.The primary endpoint was the locoregional control(LRC)rate.Results:A total of 55 patients who met the study criteria were enrolled.After completion of treatment,surgery was performed in 15 patients and radiotherapy was continued in 40 patients.The median follow-up period was 33.3[95%confidence interval(95%CI,31.4−35.1)]months.The LRC rate was 77.2%(95%CI,66.6%−89.4%)at 1 year in the entire population.The overall survival(OS)rate and event-free survival(EFS)rate were 57.5%and 51.5%at 3 years,respectively.Surgery was associated with better LRC[hazard ratio(HR)=0.16;95%CI,0.04−0.70;P=0.015],OS(HR=0.19;95%CI,0.04−0.80;P=0.024),and EFS(HR=0.25;95%CI,0.08−0.75;P=0.013).Most adverse events were of grade 1 or 2,and no severe adverse events occurred.Conclusions:For malnourished or elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,radiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab and S-1 is effective and has a good safety profile.

基于短语的柬汉双语LDA主题模型

为了有效地获取双语文档的主题分布,提出了一种基于短语的柬汉双语LDA主题模型。修改了传统LDA主题模型中的词袋模型,融入短语(N-gram)的概念,能够在主题预测过程中考虑文章的词序以及上下文,并将之应用于可比语料的双语环境中。本模型基于一个3层贝叶斯网络模型,在此框架下,首先搜集中文和柬埔寨语的可比语料,每一对双语可比语料文档共享一个相同的主题分布,之后引入发现主题以及主题短语的主题模型:对每个单词,首先进行主题抽样,然后将其状态作为短语进行采样,最后对来自特定主题短语分布的单词进行采样。通过实验结果可知,基于短语的双语LDA主题模型比一般的双语LDA模型更能抓住文章的主题,且有更好的主题预测能力。

Constructing on-demand single/multi-color transitioning fabrics with photocatalysis/photothermal-armed deficient semiconductors

On-demand color switching systems that utilize synchronized semiconductor-catalyzed reduction and photothermal-accelerated oxidation in liquid/solid are highly appealing.Herein,on-demand single/multi-color switching fabrics have been constructed by using defective SnO_(2):Sb-based color switching systems.SnO_(2):Sb nanocrystals with the suitable doping concentration accord lattices with abundant free electrons,conferring high photocatalytic and photothermal performances.A well-crafted set of dual light-responsive semiconductor-catalyzed systems with rapid color change can be attained via the homogenous mixture of SnO_(2):Sb with suitable redox dyes to produce single-color(RGB(red,green,blue))and multi-color transitioning(purple and green)systems.The illumination of these systems by 450 nm light triggers rapid photocatalytic discoloration,while irradiation by 980 nm light confers the photothermal effect that accelerates recoloration in air.Besides,the inks can be extended to rewritable fabrics by embedding the nanocrystals and redox dyes into hydroxyethyl cellulose(as the polymer matrix)and then coating on hydrophobic cotton fabrics to produce photo-switchable fabrics with excellent single/multi-color response.By exploiting the dual light interactions with the semiconductor-mediated systems,various images/letters can be remotely printed and erased on the rewritable fabrics which show promise for potential applications as information storage media and visual sensors.Importantly,the present rewritable fabric shows good stability and reversibility.The present work provides insights into the development of novel color-switching materials.

On-Site Electrospinning Nanofiber Membranes Incorporating V-Shaped Organic Semiconductors for Multifunctional Diabetic Wound Dressing

Personalized wound dressings with on-site deposition,exudate suction,and reproducible sterilization are urged for treat-ing diabetic wounds.Herein,we have developed nanofiber membranes incorporating a V-shaped photosensitizer(VPS),a donor-acceptor-donor type organic semiconductor with indacenodithienothiophene(IDTT)as the electron-donor and triphenyleno[1,2-c:7,8-c′]bis([1,2,5]-thiadiazole)(TPTz)as the electron-acceptor,for multifunctional wound dressing.The VPS-incorporated nanofiber membranes are in situ deposited on rough wounds by using a handheld electrospinning device,which offers full coverage and better affinity than gauze to stop bleeding and suck exudate rapidly.They are breathable,water-proof,and have bacteria repelling capacity due to their hydrophobicity and negative charges.Upon light irradiation,the VPS in nanofibers undergoes low aggregation-caused quenching and retains high fluorescence and reproducible photodynamic sterilization towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.The nanofiber dressing also promotes cell adhesion and proliferation and exhibits high security in blood biochemistry and hematology.With the above merits,the nanofiber membranes greatly reduce the expression of tumor necrosis factorαand interleukin 6 in serum and wound tissues,expedit-ing the wound healing process.These wound dressings combine the benefits of in situ electrospinning,fiber membrane,and VPS,and will provide strategies for emergency medical operations.

On-demand assembly of polymeric nanoparticles for longer-blood-circulation and disassembly in tumor for boosting sonodynamic therapy

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is one of the promising strategies for tumor therapy, but its application is usually hindered by fast clearance in blood-circulation, abnormal tumor microenvironment, and inefficient generation of reactive oxygen species. To solve these problems, we proposed an on-demand assembly-disassembly strategy, where the assembly is favorable for longer-blood-circulation and then the disassembly in tumor is favorable for boosting SDT. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) as the model of organic sonosensitizers were conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA). Then HA-HMME was mixed with catalase (CAT) and assembled into polymeric nanoparticles (CAT@HA-HMME NPs) with size of ~80 nm. CAT@HA-HMME NPs exhibit good biocompatibility and a longer blood half-time (t1/2 = 4.17 h) which is obviously longer than that (~0.82 h) of HMME molecules. After HA receptor-mediated endocytosis of cancer cells, CAT@HA-HMME NPs can be cleaved by endogenous hyaluronidase, resulting in the on-demand disassembly in tumor to release HA-HMME molecules and CAT. The CAT catalyzes the endogenous H_(2)O_(2) into O_(2) to relieve the hypoxic microenvironment, and the released HA-HMME exhibits a higher ROS generation ability, greatly boosting SDT for the inhibition of tumor growth. Therefore, the on-demand assembly-disassembly strategy may provide some insight in the design and development of nanoagents for tumor therapy.

The “bottom-up” synthesis and applications of persistent luminescence nanoparticles

Persistent luminescence refers to the phenomenon whereby luminescence remains after excitation ceases.In the past few decades,various kinds of persistent luminescent materials have been developed and widely employed in numerous applications,such as security signs,medical diagnostics and photocatalysis.Persistent luminescent materials offer distinctive advantages for biomedical applications,especially for bioimaging,as they can efficiently avoid autofluorescence and tissue-scattered light interference[1].