GGE Biplot Analyses for Grain Quality and Yield of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum Desf.) Landraces Populations

The aim of this study was to determine the GY (grain yield) and some quality characters of durum wheat landraces under Thrace Region ecological conditions. This study was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the locations of Tekirdag, Edirne, Klrklareli and Lüleburgaz during the growing years of 2009 and 2010. In the research, 20 durum wheat landraces obtained from different regions of Turkey and 5 obsolete durum wheat cultivars were used as the experimental material. It was determined that the GY, TW (test weight) and PC (protein content) in the first year were higher than the second year in this study. The highest values for GY, TGW (thousand grain weight), and TW and GVR (grain vitreousness rate) were determined in Tekirdag location, while the highest PC was determined in Edirne location. The results of the research showed that GY varied between 321.17-470.33 kg da^-1 in Tekirdag, 301.33-404.00 kg da^-1 in Edirne;197.50-334.67 kg da^-1 in K?rklareli and 280.00-501.33 kg da^-1 in Lüleburgaz. TGWs were determined between 38.17-44.50 g of Tekirdag, 36.00-43.00 g of Edirne, 38.43-43.67 g of Karklareli and 35.33-45.67 g of Lüleburgaz. TW of Tekirdag, Edirne, Karklareli and Lüleburgaz locations changed between 74.67-79.33 kg hl^-1, 69.33-76.83 kg hl^-1, 70.00-75.17 kg hl^-1 and 71.00-77.50 kg hl^-1, respectively. The GVR was determined among 85.00-96.83% in Tekirdag, 68.33-93.33% in Edirne, 67.83-93.83% in Klrklareli, and 85.17-98.17% in Lüleburgaz. The PC of grains was measured among 13.32-14.95% in Tekirdag, 14.90-16.25% in Edirne, 14.27-16.17% in K?rklareli, and 13.40-16.53% in Lüleburgaz. It was determined that Dicle and Dicle-13 landraces for GY and TW, Adlyaman landrace for TGW,Canakkale and Akbugday landraces for the GVR, and Iskenderun, Akbu?day, Erzincan landraces for PC have the highest values.

Multi-environmental Evaluation of Triticale, Wheat and Barley Genotypes by GGE Biplot Analysis

The research was carried out with 9 triticale, 3 bread wheat, 3 durum wheat and 3 barley varieties and advanced lines in Tekirdag, Edime and Silivri locations during three years. In the study, the data obtained from combined variance analysis were performed and the significance of the differences between the averages was determined by LSD multiple comparison test. GGE biplot analysis and graphics were made by using the statistical package program. The genotypes G2 and G3 for thousand kernel weight, genotype G1 for the heading time and test weight, genotypes G14 and G15 for the maturation time, number of spikelets per spike and grain weight per spike and G13 for the plant height, spike length and grain yield per hectare decare revealed the highest values. The genotypes G6, GS, G4, G14, G9, G8 and G7 gave lower values than the average in terms of grain yield, whereas the other genotypes gave higher values than the general average. According to biplot graphical results, while locations 1 and 8 were closely related, locations 9, 2 and 7 were positively related to these environments. Although the location 7 is slightly different from the other 4 locations, these 5 locations can be seen as a mega environment. Genotypes G12, G2, G3 and G10 for this mega-environment showed the best performances. According to the results of grain yields obtained from 9 different locations, the location 5 was the most discriminating area while the location 1 was the least discriminating. Location 2 was the best representative location, while locations 4 and 7 were with the lowest representation capability. The locations that are both descriptive and representative are good test locations for the selection of adapted genotypes. Test environments, such as location 8, with low ability to represent are useful for selecting genotypes that perform well in specific regions if the target environments can be subdivided into sub-environments.

Determination of the High Temperature Stress Tolerances of Bread Wheat Genotypes

Thirty bread wheat genotypes were used as material during the 2014-2015 cropping season. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The sowing rate was 500 seeds square meter. Sowing was done in plots of 6 rows （1.2 m × 5 m, spaced 20 cm apart） in Namlk Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department experimental area. Two sowing times were performed. First sowing was made in November suggested usual （standard） and second one was made in January as delayed sown in order to push growing stages of plants into periods in which heat stress is expected will be effected. Sowing times were allotted to main-plots while genotypes were allotted to sub-plots. When the bread wheat varieties and lines used in the experiment are evaluated in terms of tolerance to high temperature, it was shown that Dropia and Nota varieties and CIMMYT-HTN 2014/15-2, CIMMYT-HTN 2014/15 -6, CIMMYT-HTN 2014/15 - 10 lines were better tolerance to high temperature. However, it was noticed that these genotypes were not included in the first groups in terms of grain yield. It is possible to utilize these genotypes as a genitor in cross-breeding programs for breeding studies for tolerance to high temperatures.