玉米黄质对魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶性能及热稳定性评价

为探究魔芋多糖体系与色素小分子互作的方式并解决魔芋凝胶赋色的问题,该研究以魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)凝胶为研究对象,使用玉米黄质(zeaxanthin,ZEA)对KGM凝胶赋色,以不添加色素的KGM凝胶作为对照组,对比分析对照组和赋色后KGM/ZEA复合有色凝胶的凝胶性能和微观结构。结果表明,KGM/ZEA-2复合有色凝胶的色素保留率、L^(*)值、a^(*)值和b^(*)值较对照组分别显著升高了73.82%、9.78%、4.34%、5.63%,较KGM/ZEA-1分别显著升高了16.33%、2.55%、1.09%、2.14%;其持水性、凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼性较对照组分别显著升高了2.18%、91.01%、54.09%、50.70%,较KGM/ZEA-1显著分别升高了0.88%、75.40%、45.48%、42.23%。微观结构表明,KGM/ZEA-2复合有色凝胶在疏水相互作用的驱动下形成了更加致密的网络结构,可截留更多的色素小分子,同时提高了其结晶度和热稳定性。因此,玉米黄质能够稳定地结合在魔芋凝胶体系内,作为着色剂应用于多彩凝胶素食的开发。

Effects of drip and flood irrigation on carbon dioxide exchange and crop growth in the maize ecosystem in the Hetao Irrigation District,China

Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.This research delves into the effects of these irrigation methods on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange and crop growth in this region.The experimental site was divided into drip and flood irrigation zones.The irrigation schedules of this study aligned with the local commonly used irrigation schedule.We employed a developed chamber system to measure the diurnal CO_(2)exchange of maize plants during various growth stages under both drip and flood irrigation methods.From May to September in 2020 and 2021,two sets of repeated experiments were conducted.In each experiment,a total of nine measurements of CO_(2)exchange were performed to obtain carbon exchange data at different growth stages of maize crop.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,CO_(2)flux data were collected every two hours over a day-long period to capture the diurnal variations in CO_(2)exchange.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,the biological parameters(aboveground biomass and crop growth rate)of maize and environmental parameters(including air humidity,air temperature,precipitation,soil water content,and photosynthetically active radiation)were measured.The results indicated a V-shaped trend in net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange in daytime,reducing slowly at night,while the net assimilation rate(net primary productivity)exhibited a contrasting trend.Notably,compared with flood irrigation,drip irrigation demonstrated significantly higher average daily soil CO_(2)emission and greater average daily CO_(2)absorption by maize plants.Consequently,within the maize ecosystem,drip irrigation appeared more conducive to absorbing atmospheric CO_(2).Furthermore,drip irrigation demonstrated a faster crop growth rate and increased aboveground biomass compared with flood irrigation.A strong linear relationship existed between leaf area index and light utilization efficiency,irrespective of the irrigation method.Notably,drip irrigation displayed superior light use efficiency compared with flood irrigation.The final yield results corroborated these findings,indicating that drip irrigation yielded higher harvest index and overall yield than flood irrigation.The results of this study provide a basis for the selection of optimal irrigation methods commonly used in the Hetao Irrigation District.This research also serves as a reference for future irrigation studies that consider measurements of both carbon emissions and yield simultaneously.

小麦倒伏信息无人机多时相遥感提取方法

采用两期无人机可见光遥感图像,对灌浆期冬小麦倒伏图像特征及倒伏信息提取方法进行研究。从增强图像空间域方面,对图像进行二次低通滤波,获取地物散点图,以散点存在明显分界线为判定标准,选出小麦倒伏信息提取的单特征,对两单特征线性拟合构建倒伏小麦两时期提取特征参数F_1和F_2,再以两特征参数相似性构建综合特征参数F_3。将特征参数结合K-means算法提取冬小麦倒伏信息,整体精度(OA)达86. 44%以上,Kappa系数达0. 73以上,倒伏信息提取精度(F)为81. 07%以上,因此综合特征参数可作为两个时期冬小麦倒伏信息提取特征参数。分别用本文方法、支持向量机、神经网络法和最大似然法提取验证区域倒伏小麦信息,经验证,本文方法提取小麦倒伏信息整体精度(OA)达86. 29%以上,Kappa系数达0. 71以上,倒伏信息提取精度(F)达80. 60%以上;其他3种常用方法提取的整体精度(OA)为69. 68%～87. 44%,Kappa系数为0. 49～0. 72,倒伏信息提取精度(F)为65. 33%～79. 76%。结果表明,本文方法整体精度和倒伏信息提取精度均高于目前常用分类方法。因此,综合特征参数与K-means算法对冬小麦在灌浆期倒伏信息提取具有一定的准确性和适用性。

四行马铃薯杀秧机的设计

马铃薯收获前的杀秧工作是马铃薯高质量收获的重要环节,对提高马铃薯品质和收获效率具有很大的促进作用,而现有机型对于马铃薯杀秧效果并不理想,存在打碎长度合格率差、带薯率高、土壤在护罩上粘着严重等问题。为此,研究设计了一种新型高效的四行马铃薯杀秧机,通过理论分析确定了结构参数。田间试验结果表明:当作业速度为4.7km/h、甩刀轴转速为1 350r/min、垄上刀距垄台距离51mm时,试验指标打碎长度合格率为92.7%。此时杀秧机杀秧效果最好,满足马铃薯杀秧机作业质量要求。该研究为马铃薯杀秧过程存在的问题提供了解决方案,也为马铃薯杀秧机进一步的研究提供了参考。

驱动式马铃薯中耕机的设计与仿真分析

针对我国传统中耕机械存在的碎土效果不理想、易缠绕堵塞的特点,设计了一种驱动式马铃薯中耕机。该机能够一次性完成垄间松土、碎土、除草及培土等作业。对中耕机旋转单体中的碎土刀进行受力、刀的排列等分析,并通过ANSYS软件对旋转单体进行运动仿真。仿真结果总变形和等效应力验证了旋转单体的可靠性,证明了该机具可以实现深松、碎土等工作过程。机具结构设计合理,为中国北方等粘重土壤地区的中耕作业提供了技术支持,也为马铃薯中耕机的设计改进与优化提供了理论支撑和技术参考。

超声处理对魔芋葡甘聚糖流变与结构的影响

为考察超声处理对魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)的理化性质的影响,以溶胀完全的KGM溶胶为对象,研究不同时间、不同功率的超声处理对KGM的流变与结构的影响。结果表明,随着超声时间的增加,KGM溶胶表观黏度及储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″)均下降,与未经超声处理的KGM相比,超声处理时间为240min时下降最为显著,表观黏度在剪切速率为21.9s^-1时下降了46.3%,G′、G″分别在角速度为75.0rad/s时下降了44.3%和55.1%;增大超声功率,KGM溶胶表观黏度及G′和G″也均减少,处理功率为180 W时减少最为明显,180 W处理的KGM溶胶的表观黏度在剪切速率为21.9s^-1时下降了66.1%,G′、G″则分别在角速度为75.0 rad/s时下降了43.2%和41.0%。超声处理对KGM溶胶结构破坏明显,扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析显示,超声使KGM的网络结构由相对连续、平整变得断裂、卷曲、松散。但红外吸收光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FT-IR)表明超声没有对KGM分子重复结构单元和功能基团造成破坏,仅对氢键产生影响。因此,超声处理可作为改善KGM溶胶流变特性的有效手段,可拓展KGM在饮料、酸奶、化妆品等领域的应用。

新时代社会主义核心价值观融入高校校园文化建设的实现路径研究

高校是培养中国特色社会主义建设者和接班人的重要基地,是开展社会主义核心价值观教育的主要战场和阵地,高校要切实推动社会主义核心价值观进教材、进课堂、进头脑、进实践,为大学生成长成才铺垫科学价值观的基础。高校校园文化建设是新时代做好大学生思想政治教育的重要载体,是弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观的重要途径和形式。该文通过对部分高校开展社会主义核心价值观教育和校园文化建设的问卷调查,发现了存在的一些问题和困境,通过分析这些问题来总结部分高校的实践经验和创新做法,积极探索将社会主义核心价值观融入高校校园文化建设的有效路径。