An Integrated Control Framework for Torque Vectoring and Active Suspension System

Four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles(FWID-EV)endow a flexible and scalable control framework to improve vehicle performance.This paper integrates the torque vectoring and active suspension system(ASS)to enhance the vehicle’s longitudinal and vertical motion control performance.While the nonlinear characteristic of the tire model leads to a relatively heavier computational burden.To facilitate the controller design and ease the load,a half-vehicle dynamics system is built and simplified to the linear-time-varying(LTV)model.Then a model predictive controller is developed by formulating the objective function by comprehensively considering the safety,energy-saving and comfort requirements.The in-wheel motor efficiency and the power loss of tire slip are treated as optimization indices in this work to reduce energy consumption.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through the rapid-control-prototype(RCP)test.The results demonstrate the enhancement of the energy-saving as well as comfort on the basis of vehicle stability.

A new insight into LPSO phase transformation and mechanical properties uniformity of large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing

A large-scale fine-grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy plate with high strength and ductility was successfully prepared by multi-pass friction stir processing(MFSP)technology in this work.The structure of grains and long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase were characterized,and the mechanical properties uniformity was investigated.Moreover,a quantitative relationship between the microstructure and tensile yield strength was established.The results showed that the grains in the processed zone(PZ)and interfacial zone(IZ)were refined from 50μm to 3μm and 4μm,respectively,and numerous original LPSO phases were broken.In IZ,some block-shaped 18R LPSO phases were transformed into needle-like 14H LPSO phases due to stacking faults and the short-range diffusion of solute atoms.The severe shear deformation in the form of kinetic energy caused profuse stacking fault to be generated and move rapidly,greatly increasing the transformation rate of LPSO phase.After MFSP,the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation to failure of the large-scale plate were 367 MPa,305 MPa and 18.0% respectively.Grain refinement and LPSO phase strengthening were the major strengthening mechanisms for the MFSP sample.In particularly,the strength of IZ was comparable to that of PZ because the strength contribution of the 14H LPSO phase offsets the lack of grain refinement strengthening in IZ.This result opposes the widely accepted notion that IZ is a weak region in MFSP-prepared large-scale fine-grained plate.

Equilibrium reconstruction method for self-organized plasmas on reversed field pinches with polarimeter-interferometer

In the reversed field pinch(RFP),plasmas exhibit various self-organized states.Among these,the three-dimensional(3D)helical state known as the“quasi-single-helical”(QSH)state enhances RFP confinement.However,accurately describing the equilibrium is challenging due to the presence of 3D structures,magnetic islands,and chaotic regions.It is difficult to obtain a balance between the available diagnostic and the real equilibrium structure.To address this issue,we introduce KTX3DFit,a new 3D equilibrium reconstruction code specifically designed for the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)RFP.KTX3DFit utilizes the stepped-pressure equilibrium code(SPEC)to compute 3D equilibria and uses polarimetric interferometer signals from experiments.KTX3DFit is able to reconstruct equilibria in various states,including axisymmetric,doubleaxis helical(DAx),and single-helical-axis(SHAx)states.Notably,this study marks the first integration of the SPEC code with internal magnetic field data for equilibrium reconstruction and could be used for other 3D configurations.

Automatic Miscalibration Detection and Correction of LiDAR and Camera Using Motion Cues

This paper aims to develop an automatic miscalibration detection and correction framework to maintain accurate calibration of LiDAR and camera for autonomous vehicle after the sensor drift.First,a monitoring algorithm that can continuously detect the miscalibration in each frame is designed,leveraging the rotational motion each individual sensor observes.Then,as sensor drift occurs,the projection constraints between visual feature points and LiDAR 3-D points are used to compute the scaled camera motion,which is further utilized to align the drifted LiDAR scan with the camera image.Finally,the proposed method is sufficiently compared with two representative approaches in the online experiments with varying levels of random drift,then the method is further extended to the offline calibration experiment and is demonstrated by a comparison with two existing benchmark methods.

搅拌摩擦加工制备AZ31/CoCrFeNi复合材料的组织、力学性能和磨损性能

采用搅拌摩擦加工工艺制备CoCrFeNi高熵合金颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料。采用OM、SEM、EDS和EBSD对复合材料的微观结构进行表征。通过拉伸、显微硬度和干滑动磨损实验研究复合材料的力学性能和磨损性能。结果表明,高熵合金颗粒分布均匀,与镁基体具有良好的冶金结合。复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度分别比母材高80 MPa、46 MPa和HV 54.9。细晶强化是主要的强化机制,对屈服强度的贡献率为43.9%。复合材料的平均摩擦因数由母材的0.331降低到0.240,磨损机制由母材的黏着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。

20mm厚AZ31镁合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊接接头的显微组织演变及强化机制

采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接20mm厚AZ31镁合金板材,并沿厚度方向分5层对接头的显微组织和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:焊接温度和温降速率的不同导致搅拌区晶粒尺寸不均匀,且在材料流动行为的作用下,接头不同区域形成不同强织构。此外,接头各层的屈服强度和抗拉强度从上表面至下表面整体呈逐渐增加的趋势,伸长率沿接头厚度方向首先由9.5%升高至10.5%,然后逐渐降低至6.0%。整体接头的抗拉强度达到母材的88.5%。接头的主要强化机制为细晶强化。

Electrochemically-induced highly reactive PdO^(*) interface on modulated mesoporous MOF-derived Co_(3)O_(4) support for selective ethanol electro-oxidation

Herein,Pd nanoparticles loaded Co_(3)O_(4)catalysts(Pd@Co_(3)O_(4))are constructed from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67)for the ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR).It is demonstrated for the first time that the electrochemical conversion of Co_(3)O_(4)support would result in the charge distribution alignment at the Pd/Co_(3)O_(4)interface and induce the formation of highly reactive Pd-O species(PdO^(*)),which can further catalyze the consequent reactions of the intermediates of the ethanol oxidation.The catalyst,Pd@Co_(3)O_(4)-450,obtained under the optimized conditions exhibits excellent EOR performance with a high mass activity of 590 mA mg-1,prominent operational stability,and extraordinary capability for the electro-oxidation of acetaldehyde intermediates.Importantly,the detailed mechanism investigation reveals that Pd@Co_(3)O_(4)-450 could be benefit to the C-C bond cleavage to promote the desirable C1 pathway for the ethanol oxidation reaction.The present strategy based on the metal-support interaction of the catalyst might provide valuable inspiration for the design of high-performing catalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction.

Superscattering of Underwater Sound via Deep Learning Approach

We design a multilayer cylindrical structure to realize superscattering of underwater sound. Because of the near degeneracy of resonances in multiple channels of the structure, the scattering contributions from these resonances can overlap to break the single-channel limit of subwavelength objects. However, tuning the design parameters to achieve the target response is an optimization process that is tedious and time-consuming. Here,we demonstrate that a well-trained tandem neural network can deal with this problem efficiently, which can not only forwardly predict the scattering spectra of the multilayer structure with high precision, but also inversely design the required structural parameters efficiently.

CD97和CD55在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨CD97及其配体CD55在三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)中的表达及临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学法检测70例TNBC组织及50例正常乳腺组织中CD97和CD55的表达,分析其表达与TNBC临床病理特征的关系。结果CD97在TNBC组织中的表达水平高于正常乳腺组织(P<0.05),其表达与TNBC的Ki-67表达、肿瘤大小、临床分期、脉管癌栓及淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。CD55在TNBC组织中的表达水平高于正常乳腺组织(P<0.05),其表达与TNBC的KI-67表达、肿瘤大小、临床分期、脉管癌栓及淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。CD97与CD55在TNBC中的表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论CD97、CD55可能参与TNBC的发生、发展过程,其在TNBC进展中发挥作用,可能成为新的肿瘤标志物。

3D成像技术在乳腺癌保乳术中术前评估的应用

目的:探讨3D成像技术在乳腺癌保乳术中的术前评估应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年4月至2019年1月武汉科技大学附属孝感医院38例在3D成像技术辅助下行乳腺癌保乳术患者的临床资料。所有患者术前均行3.0 T乳腺MRI检查,通过医学数字成像及通信(digital imaging and communication of medicine,DICOM)数据立体建模,构建3D成像技术重建虚拟图像。比较术前预计切除组织体积(predicted resected tissue volume,PRTV)及术中实际切除组织体积(actual resection tissue volume,ARTV)差异性及一致性,并行保乳术后组织标本切缘及乳房美学评价。结果:3D成像技术能准确反映乳腺、肿瘤、腺体及血管等解剖结构及其三维毗邻关系。术中所见与术前3D图像吻合度为97.4%(37/38)。术前PRTV为(61.7±20.1)m L,术中ARTV为(65.1±20.7)m L,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有较好的一致性(P<0.01)。术后补充二次手术1例,发生率2.6%(1/38)。术后乳房外形满意度100%(38/38)。结论:3D成像技术可清晰地显示乳腺肿瘤与周围组织的解剖关系,准确评估保乳术切除体积,指导手术切除。

细针穿刺洗脱液检测甲状旁腺激素水平在甲状腺癌根治术中的应用研究

目的探讨细针穿刺洗脱液检测甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平在甲状腺癌根治术中的临床价值。方法选取2016年12月—2018年12月于武汉科技大学附属孝感医院行甲状腺癌根治术的患者84例。术中对目标组织(高度怀疑甲状旁腺组织)及非目标组织(甲状腺组织、淋巴样组织)行直视下细针穿刺,采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测穿刺洗脱液PTH水平,结合术后病理学检查结果,分析不同组织穿刺洗脱液PTH水平的差异。结果确诊甲状旁腺组织(AT组)穿刺洗脱液PTH水平为(536.90±32.02)pg/mL,误诊为甲状旁腺组织(AF组)穿刺洗脱液PTH水平为(63.86±5.44)pg/mL,确诊甲状腺组织(B组)穿刺洗脱液PTH水平为(53.61±3.07)pg/mL,淋巴样组织(C组)穿刺洗脱液PTH水平为(58.71±2.89)pg/mL。4组穿刺洗脱液PTH水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较,AF组、B组、C组均低于AT组(P<0.05);AF组、B组、C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论细针穿刺洗脱液检测PTH水平对于甲状腺癌手术中甲状旁腺的鉴别和保护具有重要意义,值得临床推广应用。

Adaptive Multi-modal Fusion Instance Segmentation for CAEVs in Complex Conditions:Dataset,Framework and Verifications

Current works of environmental perception for connected autonomous electrified vehicles(CAEVs)mainly focus on the object detection task in good weather and illumination conditions,they often perform poorly in adverse scenarios and have a vague scene parsing ability.This paper aims to develop an end-to-end sharpening mixture of experts(SMoE)fusion framework to improve the robustness and accuracy of the perception systems for CAEVs in complex illumination and weather conditions.Three original contributions make our work distinctive from the existing relevant literature.The Complex KITTI dataset is introduced which consists of 7481 pairs of modified KITTI RGB images and the generated LiDAR dense depth maps,and this dataset is fine annotated in instance-level with the proposed semi-automatic annotation method.The SMoE fusion approach is devised to adaptively learn the robust kernels from complementary modalities.Comprehensive comparative experiments are implemented,and the results show that the proposed SMoE framework yield significant improvements over the other fusion techniques in adverse environmental conditions.This research proposes a SMoE fusion framework to improve the scene parsing ability of the perception systems for CAEVs in adverse conditions.

Clinical Study of Different Immunosuppressive Regimens in Liver Transplant Patients

[Objectives]To explore the clinical effect of different immunosuppressive regimens in liver transplant patients.[Methods]The study patients were 147 liver transplant patients who underwent liver transplantation in a hospital and received CNI-based immunosuppression in the first two years after the operation.Both groups were given mycophenolate mofetil+glucocorticoid,and the control group was additional given cyclosporine,and the experimental group was given tacrolimus.Followed up and made a record of the liver and kidney function indicators,blood routine examination,blood sugar,and blood concentration of immunosuppressive drugs in the two groups of patients at 3,6,12,18,and 24 months after the operation,and the clinical pharmacist regularly adjusted the dose of immunosuppressive drugs.The renal function indicators of the two groups were compared:glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and serum creatinine(Scr)level.[Results]Within 24 months after the operation,the eGFR level in the two groups showed a declining trend,and the Scr level showed a rising trend,indicating a decline in renal function;the renal function of the control group decreased at 3 months after operation,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);the renal function of the experimental group also decreased at 12 months after operation,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The TAC based triple immunization regimen can delay the decline of renal function in liver transplant patients,and the efficacy is significantly better than the CsA based triple immunization regimen.

Isolation and culture of human primary osteoblasts:Comparing the effects of differences in method details on osteoblast characteristics

Osteoblasts are essential in the maintenance of human bone homeostasis.1 The abnormal formation and impaired differentiation ability of osteoblasts are pivotal factors leading to bone-related diseases,suggesting that an indepth study of osteoblasts can provide novel treatment strategies for these diseases.2 Human primary osteoblasts are precious experimental models in bone-related research.3 However,the isolation and culture of human primary osteoblasts still have some difficulties and limitations.Here,we refined a method to isolate and culture human primary osteoblasts by taking cancellous bone through a bone tissue sampler and pre-digesting it with pancreatin,which makes the process easier,cheaper,and more efficient.Furthermore,we compared the effects of the subtle changes in isolation and culture methods on the phenotype of human primary osteoblasts and examined the differences in morphology,proliferation,and differentiation between micro-explants cultured osteoblasts(MECOBs)and explants cultured osteoblasts(EC-OBs).

STX5 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Adhesion and Promotes Metastasis by Regulating the PI3K/mTOR Pathway

Background and Aims:Syntaxin 5(STX5)is a member of the syntaxin or target-soluble SNAP receptor(t-SNARE)fam-ily and plays a critical role in autophagy.However,its function and molecular mechanism in tumor cell migration are still un-known.The role of STX5 in influencing hepatocellular carci-noma(HCC)is an important topic in our research.Methods:By using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),western blotting,and immunohistochemical analysis of RNA and protein in tissues,we comprehensively evaluated data sets from public databases and clinical patient cohorts for STX5.The correlation of STX5 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients were assessed.In addition,we predicted signal pathways from dif-ferentially expressed genes(DEGs)and the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)databases,and confirmed the prediction using integrated transcriptome and RNA-seq.We further investi-gated the underlying mechanisms of STX5 in the migration and adhesion of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo.Results:In the TCGA dataset and our patient cohort,STX5 levels were significantly higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent normal liver tissues.At the same time,high expression of STX5 pre-dicted worse prognosis in patients with liver cancer.High ex-pression of STX5 indicates the decrease of adhesion and the increase of migration of HCC cells,and the conversion of epi-thelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in vitro via PI3K/mTOR pathway activation.Conversely,when Sirolimus,a phospho-inositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic target of rapa-mycin(mTOR)inhibitor acts on cells simultaneously,STX5 overexpression-mediated enhancement of HCC metastasis is reversed.Double-negative regulation of STX5 and mTOR further enhanced the inhibitory effect of STX5 on HCC me-tastasis.In vivo,STX5 knockdown inhibited the metastasis of HCC cells.Conclusions:Our study demonstrates a novel research result that STX5 promotes HCC metastasis through PI3K/mTOR pathway.We believe that combined inhibition of STX5 and mTOR is a potential treatment for effectively pro-longing patient survival and inhibiting HCC metastasis.

Real-world effectiveness of an intranasal spray A8G6 antibody cocktail in the post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19

Previously,we identified an antibody combination A8G6 that showed promising efficacy in COVID-19 animal models and favorable safety profile in preclinical models as well as in a first-in-human trial.To evaluate the real-word efficacy of A8G6 neutralizing antibody nasal spray in post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19,an open-label,non-randomized,two-arm,blank-controlled,investigator-initiated trial was conducted in Chongqing,China(the register number:ChiCTR2200066416).High-risk healthy participants(18–65 years)within 72 h after close contact to COVID-19 patients were recruited and received a three-dose(1.4 mg/dose)A8G6 treatment daily or no treatment(blank control)for 7 consecutive days.SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in 151/340(44.4%)subjects in the blank control group and 12/173(6.9%)subjects in the A8G6 treatment group.The prevention efficacy of the A8G6 treatment within 72 h exposure was calculated to be 84.4%(95%CI:74.4–90.4%).Moreover,compared to the blank-control group,the time from the SARS-CoV-2 negative to the positive COVID-19 conversion was significantly longer in the AG86 treatment group(mean time:3.4 days vs 2.6 days,p=0.019).In the secondary end-point analysis,the A8G6 nasal treatment had no effects on the viral load at baseline SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity and the time of the negative COVID-19 conversion.Finally,except for 5 participants(3.1%)with general adverse effects,we did not observe any severe adverse effects related to the A8G6 treatment.In this study,the intranasal spray AG86 antibody cocktail showed potent efficacy for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in close contacts of COVID-19 patients.

Prosthetic heart valves for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has the advantages of less trauma and faster postoperative recovery, which has brought the possibility to the elderly patient with valvular heart disease and is gradually replacing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The interventional valve used in TAVR needs to be compressed and transported through the catheter to the lesion site, and can still recover its original shape, structure and performance. This process requires that the material should be flexible, and the rigid mechanical valves in SAVR are not suitable. Recently, decellularized biological valves have been widely used in clinical practice, but their poor durability causes a limitation for long-term implantation. Therefore, the anti-calcification modification of biological valves and the design of new polymeric valves with good biostability have gained considerable attention. This review summarizes the calcification mechanism of biological valves and the research progress in anti-calcification modification strategies. Besides, the development of new polymeric valves is included, with special attention to representative cases, such as polysiloxane, polytetrafluor- ethylene, poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene), and polyurethane- based materials. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of artificial heart valve materials are discussed.

Friction Stir Processing of Magnesium Alloys:A Review

Magnesium(Mg)alloys have been extensively used in various fields,such as aerospace,automobile,electronics,and biomedical industries,due to their high specific strength and stiff ness,excellent vibration absorption,electromagnetic shielding eff ect,good machinability,and recyclability.Friction stir processing(FSP)is a severe plastic deformation technique,based on the principle of friction stir welding.In addition to introducing the basic principle and advantages of FSP,this paper reviews the studies of FSP in the modification of the cast structure,superplastic deformation behavior,preparation of finegrained Mg alloys and Mg-based surface composites,and additive manufacturing.FSP not only refines,homogenizes,and densifies the microstructure,but also eliminates the cast microstructure defects,breaks up the brittle and network-like phases,and prepares fine-grained,ultrafine-,and nano-grained Mg alloys.Indeed,FSP significantly improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloys and achieves low-temperature and/or high strain rate superplasticity.Furthermore,FSP can produce particle-and fiber-reinforced Mg-based surface composites.As a promising additive manufacturing technique of light metals,FSP enables the additive manufacturing of Mg alloys.Finally,we prospect the future research direction and application with friction stir processed Mg alloys.

Fabrication and electrical characteristics of flash-sintered SiO_(2)-doped ZnO-Bi_(2)O_(3)-MnO_(2) varistors

The dense ZnO-Bi_(2)O_(3)-MnO_(2)(ZBMS)varistors for x=0,1,2,3 wt% were fabricated by flash sintering method under the low temperature of 850℃ within 2 min.The sample temperature was estimated by a black body radiation model in the flash sintering process.The crystalline phase assemblage,density,microstructure,and electrical characteristics of the flash-sintered ZBMS varistors with different SiO_(2)-doped content were investigated.According to the XRD analysis,many secondary phases were detected due to the SiO_(2) doping.Meanwhile,the average grain size decrease with increasing SiO_(2)-doped content.The improved nonlinear characteristics were obtained in SiO_(2)-doped samples,which can be attributed to the ion migration and oxygen absorption induced by the doped SiO_(2).The flash-sintered ZBMS varistor ceramics for x=2 wt% exhibited excellent comprehensive electrical properties,with the nonlinear coefficient of 24.5,the threshold voltage and leakage current of 385 V·mm^(-1 )and 11.8μA,respectively.

Spontaneous T-symmetry breaking and exceptional points in cavity quantum electrodynamics systems

Spontaneous symmetry breaking has revolutionized the understanding in numerous fields of modern physics. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system in which an atomic ensemble interacts coherently with a single resonant cavity mode. The interacting system can be effectively described by two coupled oscillators with positive and negative mass, when the two-level atoms are prepared in their excited states. The occurrence of symmetry breaking is controlled by the atomic detuning and the coupling to the cavity mode,which naturally divides the parameter space into the symmetry broken and symmetry unbroken phases.The two phases are separated by a spectral singularity, a so-called exceptional point, where the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian coalesce. When encircling the singularity in the parameter space, the quasiadiabatic dynamics shows chiral mode switching which enables topological manipulation of quantum states.