Scattered Co-anchored MoS_(2)synergistically boosting photothermal capture and storage of phase change materials

Pristine phase change materials(PCMs)suffer from inherent deficiencies of poor solar absorption and photothermal conversion.Herein,we proposed a strategy of co-incorporation of zero-dimensional(OD)metal nanoparticles and two-dimensional(2D)photothermal materials in PCMs for efficient capture and conversion of solar energy into thermal energy.Highly scattered Co-anchored MoS_(2)nanoflower cluster serving as photon and phonon triggers was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal growth of ZIF67 polyhedron on 2D MoS_(2)and subsequent high-temperature carbonization.After encapsulating thermal storage unit(paraffin wax),the obtained composite PCMs integrated high-performance photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage capability.Benefiting from the synergistic enhancement of OD Co nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance effect,carbon layer with the conjugation effect and 2D MoS_(2)with strong solar absorption,composite PCMs exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 95.19%,Additionally,the resulting composite PCMs also demonstrated long-term thermal sto rage stability and durable structu ral stability after 300 thermal cycles.The proposed collabo rative co-incorporation strategy provides some innovative references for developing next-generation photothermal PCMs in solar energy utilization.

高血压脑出血立体定向颅内血肿清除术中不同麻醉方式的血流动力学及应激反应

目的探讨高血压脑出血立体定向颅内血肿清除术中不同麻醉方式对血流动力学及应激反应的影响。方法选取2020年4月至2021年12月在邯郸市中心医院及河北医科大学第二医院接受立体定向颅内血肿清除术的80例高血压脑出血患者纳入研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各40例。观察组患者在立体定向颅内血肿清除术前给予头皮神经阻滞麻醉,对照组患者在立体定向颅内血肿清除术前给予局部浸润麻醉。比较2组患者在麻醉前(T0)、切头皮时(T1)、钻孔时(T2)、缝合时(T3)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E),比较2组患者术后1 h、6 h、12 h的疼痛程度,比较2组患者手术前后的格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)评分、神经功能缺损评分(CCS)评分。结果对照组在T1、T2、T3时点MAP、HR显著高于T0时(P<0.05),观察组在T1、T2、T3时点MAP、HR显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组在T1、T2、T3时点Cor、NE、E显著低于对照组(P<0.05),对照组在T1、T2、T3时点Cor、NE、E显著高于T0时(P<0.05);观察组在术后1 h、6 h、12 h的疼痛数字评价量表(NRS)评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2组术后3 d的GCS评分显著高于术前,CCS评分显著低于术前(P<0.05)。结论高血压脑出血患者立体定向颅内血肿清除术中采用头皮神经阻滞麻醉血流动力学更稳定,应激反应程度更轻。

基于琥珀酸衍生物为单体的聚酯的合成与表征

以1,4-环己二酮-2,5-二甲酸二甲酯(DMSS)为起始原料,采用两步法成功制备了2,5-二甲氧基对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMDMT)。分别以DMDMT和不同碳链的脂肪二醇为单体,在三氧化二锑的催化作用下,采用熔融共聚酯交换法合成了4种由脂肪族二元醇-芳香族二元酸构成的聚酯。经过溶解、沉淀、离心等分离手段,得到目标聚酯a^d。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、凝胶渗透色谱、差示扫描量热分析和热重分析对其进行表征和分析。聚酯a^d的PDI在1.95~2.70之间,数均相对分子质量(Mn)在10000~15200之间。研究了聚合物中分子主链柔顺性对聚合物的热性能的影响,其中,聚酯a的熔点(Tm)较高,达到90℃,其初始分解温度(T5%)高达363℃;随着脂肪族碳链的碳数增加,所合成的聚酯a^d的熔点和初始分解温度(T5%)下降,这为新型脂肪族-芳香族聚酯的分子设计与合成提供了有益的参考。

Puerarin protects brain tissue against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response

Puerarin, a traditional Chinese medicine, exerts a powerful neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, but its mechanism is unknown. Here, we established rat models of middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion injury using the suture method. Puerarin （100 mg/kg） was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before middle cerebral artery occlusion and 8 hours after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, we found that puerarin significantly improved neurological deficit, reduced infarct size and brain water content, and notably diminished the expression of Toll-like receptor-4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ischemic region. These data indicate that puerarin exerts an anti-inflammatory protective effect on brain tissue with ischemia/reperfusion damage by downregulating the expression of multiple inflammatory factors.

Tightened1D/3Dcarbonheterostructure infiltratingphase change materials for solar-thermoelectric energy harvesting:Faster and better

Extensive use of thermal energy in daily life is ideal for reducing carbon emissions to achieve carbon neutrality;however,the effective collection of thermal energy is a major hurdle.Thermoelectric(TE)conversion technology based on the Seebeck effect and thermal energy storage technology based on phase change materials(PCMs)represent smart,feasible,and research-worthy approaches to overcome this hurdle.However,the integration of multiple thermal energy sources freely existing in the environment for storage and output of thermal and electrical energy simultaneously still remains a huge challenge.Herein,three-dimensional(3D)nanostructured metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are in situ nucleated and grown onto carbon nanotubes(CNTs)via coordination bonding.After calcination,the prepared core-shell structural CNTs@MOFs are transformed into tightened 1D/3D carbon heterostructure loading Co nanoparticles for efficient solar-thermoelectric energy harvesting.Surprisingly,the corresponding composite PCMs show a record-breaking solar-thermal conversion efficiency of 98.1%due to the tightened carbon heterostructure and the local surface plasmon resonance effect of Co nanoparticles.Moreover,our designed all-in-one composite PCMs are also capable of creating an electrical potential of 0.5 mV based on the Seebeck effect without a TE generator.This promising approach can store thermal and electrical energy simultaneously,providing a new direction in the design of advanced all-in-one multifunctional PCMs for thermal energy storage and utilization.

Laser-induced porous graphene on Polyimide/PDMS composites andits kirigami-inspired strain sensor

The laser-induced porous graphene(LIG)prepared in a straightforward fabrication method is presented,and its applications in stretchable strain sensors to detect the applied strain are also explored.The LIGformed on the polyimide/polydimethylsiloxane(PI/PDMS)composite exhibits a naturally high stretchabil-ity(over 30%),bypassing the transfer printing process compared to the one prepared by laser scribing onPI films.The PI/PDMS composite with LIG shows tunable mechanical and electronic performances withdifferent PI particle concentrations in PDMS.The good cyclic stability and almost linear response of theprepared LIG’s resistance with respect to tensile strain provide its access to wearable electronics.To im-prove the PDMS/PI composite stretchability,we designed and optimized a kirigami-inspired strain sensorwith LIG on the top surface,dramatically increasing the maximum strain value that in linear response toapplied strain from 3%to 79%.

Integrating thermal energy storage and microwave absorption in phase change material-encapsulated core-sheath MoS_(2)@CNTs

Developing advanced nanocomposite integrating solar-driven thermal energy storage and thermal management functional microwave absorption can facilitate the cutting-edge application of phase change materials(PCMs).To conquer this goal,herein,two-dimensional MoS_(2) nanosheets are grown in situ on the surface of one-dimensional CNTs to prepare core-sheath MoS_(2)@CNTs for the encapsulation of paraffin wax(PW).Benefiting from the synergistic enhancement photothermal effect of MoS_(2) and CNTs,MoS_(2)@CNTs is capable of efficiently trapping photons and quickly transporting phonons,thus yielding a high solar-thermal energy conversion and storage efficiency of 94.97%.Meanwhile,PW/MoS_(2)@CNTs composite PCMs exhibit a high phase change enthalpy of 101.60 J/g and excellent lo ng-term thermal storage durability after undergoing multiple heating-cooling cycles.More attractively,PW/MoS_(2)@CNTs composite PCMs realize thermal management functional microwave absorption in heat-related electronic application scenarios,which is superior to the single microwave absorption of traditional materials.The minimum reflection loss(RL) for PW/MoS_(2)@CNTs is-28 dB at 12.91 GHz with a 2.0 mm thickness.This functional integration design provides some insightful references on developing advanced microwave absorbing composite PCMs,holding great potential towards high-efficiency solar energy utilization and thermally managed microwave absorption fields.

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping System Based on Labels

In this paper a label-based simultaneous localization and mapping（ SLAM） system is proposed to provide localization to indoor autonomous robots. In the system quick response（ QR） codes encoded with serial numbers are utilized as labels. These labels are captured by two webcams,then the distances and angles between the labels and webcams are computed. Motion estimated from the two rear wheel encoders is adjusted by observing QR codes. Our system uses the extended Kalman filter（ EKF） for the back-end state estimation. The number of deployed labels controls the state estimation dimension. The label-based EKF-SLAM system eliminates complicated processes,such as data association and loop closure detection in traditional feature-based visual SLAM systems. Our experiments include software-simulation and robot-platform test in a real environment. Results demonstrate that the system has the capability of correcting accumulated errors of dead reckoning and therefore has the advantage of superior precision.

Excess-iron driven spin glass phase in Fe_(1+y)Te_(1-x)S_(ex)

The iron-chalcogenide superconductor FeTe_(1-x)Se_(x) displays a variety of exotic features distinct from iron pnictides.Although much effort has been devoted to understanding the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity near x=0.5,the existence of a spin glass phase with short-range magnetic order in the doping range(x~0.1-0.3)has rarely been studied.Here,we use DC/AC magnetization and(quasi)elastic neutron scattering to confirm the spin-glass nature of the short-range magnetic order in a Fe_(1.07)Te_(0.8)Se_(0.2) sample.The AC-frequency dependent spin-freezing temperature T_(f) generates a frequency sensitivityΔT_(f)(ω)/[T_(f)(ω)Δlog_(10)ω]≈0.028 and the description of the critical slowing down withτ=τ0(T_(f)/T_(SG-1))^(-zv) gives T_(SG)≈22 K and zv≈10,comparable to that of a classical spin-glass system.We have also extended the frequency-dependent T_(f) to the smaller time scale using energy-resolution-dependent neutron diffraction measurements,in which the T_(N) of the short-range magnetic order increases systematically with increasing energy resolution.By removing the excess iron through annealing in oxygen,the spin-freezing behavior disappears,and bulk superconductivity is realized.Thus,the excess Fe is the driving force for the formation of the spin-glass phase detrimental to bulk superconductivity.

Photoelectromagnetic multimode triggered phase change materials for thermotherapy

Neither pristine phase change materials(PCMs)nor metal-organic frame-works(MOFs)can be driven by optical/electrical/magnetic triggers for multiple energy conversion and thermal storage,which cannot satisfy the requirements of multi-scenario applications.Herein,a three-dimensional interconnected forest-type array carbon network anchored by Co nanoparticles serving as optical/electrical/magnetic multimode triggers was developed through in situ growth of two-dimensional MOF nanosheet arrays on pre-carbonized melamine foam and subsequent high-temperature carbonization.After the encapsulation of polyethylene glycol,the resulting composite PCMs simultaneously integrate fascinating photothermal,electrothermal,magnetothermal conversion and stor-age for personal thermotherapy.Benefiting from the synergistic enhancement of forest-type array carbon heterostructure and Co nanoparticles,composite PCMs exhibit high thermal/electrical conduction and strong full-spectrum absorption capacities.Resultantly,low-energy photoelectric triggers are sufficient to drive high-efficiency photothermal/electrothermal conversion and storage of compos-ite PCMs(93.1%,100 mW/cm^(2);92.9%,2.5 V).Additionally,composite PCMs also exhibit excellent encapsulation stability without liquid phase leakage,long-term thermal reliability and multiple energy conversion and storage stability after multiple cycles.The proposed photoelectromagnetic multimode triggers are aimed to inspire innovation and accelerate major breakthroughs in advanced responsive composite PCMs toward multiple energy utilization and personal thermotherapy.

CD147 Facilitates the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis through Glycolysis and H3K9me3 Modification in Keratinocytes

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring rapid proliferation of epidermal cells.Although elevated glycolysis flux has been reported in psoriasis,the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear.We investigated the role of the integral membrane protein CD147 in psoriasis pathogenesis,observing its high expression in psoriatic skin lesions of humans and imiquimod(IMQ)-induced mouse models.In mouse models,genomic deletion of epidermal CD147 markedly attenuated IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation.We found that CD147 interacted with glucose transporter 1(Glut1).Depletion of CD147 in the epidermis blocked glucose uptake and glycolysis in vitro and in vivo.In CD147-knockout mice and keratinocytes,oxidative phosphorylation was increased in the epidermis,indicating CD147's pivotal role in glycolysis reprogramming during pathogenesis of psoriasis.Using non-targeted and targeted metabolic techniques,we found that epidermal deletion of CD147 significantly increased the production of carnitine and α-ketoglutaric acid(α-KG).

Neural network-inspired hybrid aerogel boosting solar thermal storage and microwave absorption

In response to the rapid development of highly integrated multifunctional electronic devices,developing advanced multifunctional composite phase change materials(PCMs)that integrate thermal management,solar-thermal conversion and microwave absorption has become increasingly essential.Herein,we propose a bionical strategy to design neural network-like(carbon nanofiber)CNF@Co/C aerogels by growing ZIF-67 in situ on bacterial cellulose(BC)and subsequent calcination strategies.After the encapsulation of thermal storage unit(paraffin wax,PW),the obtained multifunctional composite PCMs(PW-CNF@Co/C aerogel)are composed of“soma”(Co/C polyhedra),“axon”(porous CNF)and thermal storage unit(PW).Importantly,the composite PCMs show a high solar-thermal conversion efficiency of 95.27%benefiting from the synergism of“soma”with strong local surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect and“axon”with enhanced photon transmission path.More attractively,the composite PCMs also display good microwave absorption capacity with a minimum reflection loss(RL)of-26.8 dB at 10.91 GHz owing to the synergy of magnetic and dielectric components along with abundant polarization and multiple reflections.Our developed functionally integrated composite PCMs provide a prospective application of highly integrated and miniaturized electronic devices in complex and changeable outdoor environments.

Heterogeneous network of 2D MOFs decorated 1D CNTs imparting multiple functionalities to composite phase change materials

Advanced multifunctional composite phase change materials(PCMs)for integrating energy storage,photothermal conversion and microwave absorption can promote the development of next-generation miniaturized electronic devices.Here,we report paraffin wax(PW)-based multifunctional composite PCMs with a hierarchical network structure assembled by two‐dimensional(2D)nickel-based metal-organic frameworks(Ni-MOFs)decorated carbon nanotubes(CNTs).The PW/CNTs@Ni-MOF composite PCMs yield an excellent photothermal energy conversion efficiency of 93.2%,as well as a good phase change enthalpy of 126.5 J/g and prominent thermal stability.Preferably,the composite PCMs also present great microwave absorption with-25.32 dB minimum reflection loss(RLmin)at 9.85 GHz.The remarkable features of the composite PCMs lie in their hierarchical network architecture and the synergistic enhancement of CNTs and MOFs,giving rise to the increased surface area,accelerated photon capture and transmission,and enhanced dielectric loss caused by polarization effects and multiple reflections,thus further boosting the latent energy storage capacity,photothermal kinetics,and microwave reflection loss.This work provides a facile and scalable approach to regulating the multifunction of composite PCMs.

Phase Change Microcage for Multienergy Capture and Microwave Absorption

Advanced multifunctional composite phase change materials(PCMs)integrating dual-field excitative thermal storage and microwave absorption have been recently highlighted in cutting-edge applications.Herein,we designed a metal–organic framework(MOF)derived magnetic NiCo-modified open carbon microcage(NiCo@C)for the encapsulation of PCMs,which simultaneously achieve fast-response multienergy capture and bimode stealth functions:The NiCo@C/PW composite PCMs exhibited a relatively high phase change enthalpy of 130.39 J/g due to the high cavity volume of the NiCo@C microcage.Strikingly,the composite PCMs demonstrated excellent solar-thermal conversion,attributed to the local surface plasmon resonance effect of NiCo nanoparticles and full-spectrum absorption of high graphitized carbon microcage.Simultaneously,composite PCMs harvested high-efficiency magnetic-thermal conversion due to the Néel and Brownian relaxation effects of diffusely embedded magnetic NiCo nanoparticles.More importantly,this thermal energy storage system achieved high-performance microwave absorption with a minimum reflection loss(RL)of−38.1 dB at 11.8 GHz at only 2.35 mm thickness.Our designed all-in-one strategy created an innovative platform for constructing advanced multifunctional microwave-absorbing composite PCMs with thermal storage,dual-energy conversion,microwave absorption,and infrared stealth.

教育者计算思维教学能力及其发展路径——美国ISTE《教育者标准:计算思维能力》解读与启示

在信息时代,计算思维已经成为学习者必备的一项基本素养。国际教育技术协会(ISTE)于2018年发布了面向教育者的计算思维标准,旨在帮助教育者认识到计算思维的重要性,更好地开展计算思维教育实践。ISTE教育者计算思维标准包含五项标准:学习者、领导者、协作者、设计者和推动者,每一项标准都从计算思维的角度对教育者角色进行定位。每项标准又包含若干指标,每一个指标都围绕教育者利用技术促进学习者计算思维的发展加以详细阐述。本文对标准中的5项标准21个指标进行深入解读,在此基础上结合我国实际情况提出以下建议:开展培训,全面提升在职教师计算思维教学能力;融入计算思维,重新设计职前教师相关课程;开发支架,助力教师开展计算思维教学实践;反思教学,探索培养计算思维的有效途径。

鸭源鸡杆菌ompW、gtxA双基因缺失株的构建及其相关特性分析

鸭源鸡杆菌(Gallibacterium anatis,G.anatis)是家禽中常见的条件性致病菌,主要引起蛋鸡生殖道疾病,造成产蛋量下降。【目的】为探究RTX样毒素GtxA及外膜蛋白(OmpW)对鸭源鸡杆菌生物学特性和致病力的影响。【方法】本研究采用自然转化法对突变株RZ△ompW进一步缺失gtxA构建突变株RZ△ompW△gtxA,通过分析其生长特性、黏附能力、引起细胞凋亡程度及对小鼠致病性等,探究其与生物学特性及致病性可能的关系。【结果】结果显示,RZ△ompW△gtxA能稳定遗传gtxA的缺失;单双基因突变株溶血活性均消失、与RZ株相比菌落形态及生长速率并未出现显著改变;相比RZ、RZ△ompW和RZ△gtxA,双基因缺失株RZ△ompW△gtxA在不同时段对鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞的黏附能力显著降低(P<0.05),诱导鸡输卵管上皮原代细胞发生凋亡的能力明显减弱,对小鼠的致病力显著降低。【结论】GtxA毒素和外膜蛋白OmpW在鸭源鸡杆菌毒力、黏附宿主细胞及诱导其细胞凋亡中起重要作用,且可能存在明显的协同关系。本研究为鸭源鸡杆菌感染机制的阐明奠定基础。

Combination of anti-PD-1 antibody with P-GEMOX as a potentially effective immunochemotherapy for advanced natural killer/T cell lymphoma

Advanced natural killer/T cell lymphoma(NKTL)has demonstrated poor prognosis with currently available therapies.Here,we report the efficacy of anti-programmed death 1(PD-1)antibody with the P-GEMOX(pegaspargase,gemcitabine,and oxaliplatin)regimen in advanced NKTL.Nine patients underwent six 21-day cycles of anti-PD-1 antibody(day 1),pegaspargase 2000 U/m^(2)(day 1),gemcitabine 1 g/m^(2)(days 1 and 8)and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m^(2)(day 1),followed by anti-PD-1 antibody maintenance every 3 weeks.Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression and genetic alterations were determined in paraffin-embedded pretreatment tissue samples using immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing(NGS)analysis.Responses were assessed using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(18FDG-PET)and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.Eight patients exhibited significant responses,comprising of seven complete remissions and one partial remission(overall response rate:88.9%).After a median follow-up of 10.6 months,6/9 patients(66.7%)remained in complete remission.The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were anemia(33.3%),neutropenia(33.3%),and thrombocytopenia(33.3%);all of which were manageable and resolved.Immunochemotherapy produced a high response rate in patients with positive PD-L1 expression(5/6,83.3%).NGS analysis suggested that STAT3/JAK3/PD-L1 alterations and ARID1A mutation were associated with immunochemotherapy efficacy.Mutation in DDX3X and alteration in epigenetic modifiers of KMT2D,TET2,and BCORL1 might indicate a poor response to immunochemotherapy.In conclusion,the anti-PD-1 antibody plus P-GEMOX regimen demonstrated promising efficacy in advanced NKTL.PD-L1 expression combined with specific genetic alterations could be used as potential biomarkers to predict therapeutic responses to immunochemotherapy.

Metabolic engineering of Streptomyces coelicolor for enhanced prodigiosins (RED) production

Bacterial prodigiosins are red-colored secondary metabolites with multiple activities,such as anticancer,antimalarial and immunosuppressive,which hold great potential for medical applications.In this study,dramatically enhanced prodigiosins(RED) production in Streptomyces coelicolor was achieved by combinatorial metabolic engineering,including inactivation of the repressor gene ohkA,deletion of the actinorhodin(ACT) and calcium-dependent antibiotic(CDA) biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs) and multi-copy chromosomal integration of the RED BGC.The results showed that ohkA deletion led to a 1-fold increase of RED production over the wild-type strain M145.Then,the ACT and CDA BGCs were deleted successively based on the AohkA mutant(SBJ101).To achieve multi-copy RED BGC integration,artificial ΦC31 attB site(s) were inserted simultaneously at the position where the ACT and CDA BGCs were deleted.The resulting strains SBJ102(with a single deletion of the ACT BGC and insertion of one artificial attB site) and SBJ103(with the deletion of both BGCs and insertion of two artificial attB sites) produced 1.9-and 6-fold higher RED titers than M145,respectively.Finally,the entire RED BGC was introduced into mutants from SBJ101 to SBJ103,generating three mutants(from SBJ104 to SBJ106) with chromosomal integration of one to three copies of the RED BGC.The highest RED yield was from SBJ106,which produced a maximum level of 96.8 mg g^(-1) cell dry weight,showing a 12-fold increase relative to M145.Collectively,the metabolic engineering strategies employed in this study are very efficient for the construction of high prodigiosin-producing strains.

A soft and stretchable electronics using laser-induced graphene on polyimide/PDMS composite substrate

The one-step fabricated laser-induced graphene(LIG)has the advantages of low cost,patterning of various desired geometries,and high sensitivity.However,the robustness of substrates imposes certain constraints on their applications in stretchable devices.In this paper,the substrate composed of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)and polyimide(PI)particles is proposed to serve as the platform to manufacture LIG.Ascribing to the inherent soft and stretchable attributes of the PI/PDMS composite substrate,the LIG based sensors can fit complex 3D configurations or bear a mechanical tension over 15%.Notably,the fluence of the laser is experimentally and theoretically determined as the only principle to characterize the formation of conductive LIG on PI/PDMS composite greatly facilitating the selection of the allowable laser scanning parameters to form the desired LIG-based devices.Three demonstrations are conducted to highlight the superiority and the potential of this soft and stretchable LIG-based system in wearable electronics and soft robots.

Lysophosphatidic acid mediates the pathogenesis of psoriasis by activating keratinocytes through LPAR5

Dear Editor,Psoriasis is a common immune mediated,chronic inflammatory skin disease,which has been characterized by epidermal acanthosis,hyperkeratosis,parakeratosis and extensive infiltration of inflammatory cell.KCs have critical roles in skin innate and adaptive immune responses during the development of psoriasis,which produce large amounts of inflammatory mediators,such as antimicrobial peptides(e.g.,S100A8,9),proinflammatory cytokines(e.g,IL-6,IL-17A,C,TNF-α,)and chemokines(e.g,CXCL1,2),triggering innate or adaptive immune responses.