Nested Levels of Hybrid Cryptographical Technique for Secure Information Exchange

Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.

规则波作用下不同构型的近海网箱浸没工况数值研究

The present research work concerns about the hydrodynamic behaviors of the open net offshore fish cages of single,double and 4-cage systems subjected to regular sinusoidal waves.The open net semisubmersible rigid cage is square in shape and analyzed numerically using ANSYS AQWA software.Frequency and time domain analyses are carried out for each case.The hydrodynamic parameters such as added mass,radiation potential damping,motion responses and mooring line tensions are considered as performance indicators to conclude as the best arrangements among three different cages.The single cage and windward side of all cages exhibit identical performance in all hydrodynamic parameters.The leeward side of each cage shows lesser parametric values than the windward side cages.Based on the performance indicators,it is concluded that the grid system containing four cage arrangements provides better performance than three other cage configurations.An experimental model of 1∶75 scale is fabricated and wave flume studies are conducted to validate the present numerical model.The cage is placed at a water depth of 55 cm and subjected to wave heights of 12 cm and 14 cm with wave periods ranging from 0.8 s to 2.2 s with an interval of 0.2 s are considered.The same wave flume boundary conditions are adopted for numerical simulations and results are in good agreement with experimental work results.

Process Parameters Optimization of an Aluminium Alloy with Pulsed Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) Using Gas Mixtures

This paper demonstrates the enhancement of mechanical properties and effective optimization of pulsed GTAW process parameters on aluminium alloy 6061 using sinusoidal AC wave with argon plus helium gas mixtures. Modified Taguchi Method (MTM) was employed to formulate experimental layout and to study effect of process parameter optimization on mechanical properties of the weld joints. Microstructural characterization of weld joint was carried out to understand the structural property correlation with process parameters.

Growth and Fabrication of GaN/InGaN Violet Light Emitting Diode on Patterned Sapphire Substrate

GaN/InGaN based violet light emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting at 430 nm, have been grown on conventional single side polished (SSP) and patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). Characteristics of the epitaxial wafers and subsequently fabricated LEDs have been analyzed. The photoluminescence (PL) peaks have been observed at 428.1 nm 426.1 nm for the epitaxial layers on SSP and PSS respectively. The PL intensity is 2.9 times higher in the case of PSS. The electroluminescence (EL) peaks have been observed at 430.78 nm and 430.35 nm for the LEDs on SSP and PSS respectively. The light output from LED fabricated on the PSS is 2.15 times higher than that of the LED on SSP at a forward current of 100 mA.

A controlled, efficient and robust process for the synthesis of an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor: Afatinib Dimaleate

A simple, controlled, robust and scalable three-stage manufacturing process of Afatinib Dimaleate was assessed and optimized leading to improved yield and quality. The synthetic process involves sequence of reactions as nitro-reduction, amidation and salification. The developed and optimized route was demonstrated on 300 g scale with over all isolated yield of 84% for Afatinib free base. The developed process has the capability to control not only the process related impurities but also the degradation impurities. One new impurity was identified during the process development studies and characterized as acetamide impunity, chemically known as (S)-N-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazolin-6-yl) acetamide. Other impurities were identified as degradation impurities, Process impurities and were labeled as 1-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazoline-6-yl)-5-Hydroxypyrrolidin- 2-one (hydroxy impurity), Afatinib N-Oxide impurity and N4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro- 3-furanyl] oxy]-4,6-quinazolinediamine (Intermediate-1).

Fixed Point Theorems in Intuitionistics Fuzzy Metric Spaces Using Implicit Relations

In this paper, we proved some fixed point theorems in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces applying the properties of weakly compatible mapping and satisfying the concept of implicit relations for t norms and t connorms.

Simple isocratic RP-UHPLC-MS methods for the determination of steviols and its glycosides:Quality control perspectives

Stevia is well-known for its unique non-caloric intense sweetness and recognising as one of the most acceptable sweeteners.Therefore,quality control and metabolite profiling perspectives,two isocratic reverse-phase UPLC-PDA-ELSD-MS methods were developed to determine nine diterpene glycosides(method A)and isomeric compounds(steviol and isosteviol;method B).Both the methods were validated and found as per the ICH guidelines for accuracy(recovery),precision(Intraday,interday,and intermediate precision),linearity,and regression coefficient(r2),ruggedness(eluent concentration±2 mM,column oven temperature±3℃ and retention time),and system suitability(theoretical plate count,asymmetric factor,injection precision and resolution).LOD for steviol and its glycosides were found between 0.92 and 5.22μg/mL while LOQ were 2.78-18.29μg/mL,respectively.Validated methods had shown only the presence of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudina samples while LC-ESI-MS/MS revealed the identification of 46 different class of molecules.These methods will be helpful to monitor quality in Stevia production and its derived products.

Coordination polymers： Challenges and future scenarios for capture and degradation of volatile organic compounds

Over the past few decades, coordination polymers/metal organic frameworks （CPs/MOFs） have drawn a great deal of attention for diverse applications due to their advantages of intrinsically ttLnable chemical structure, flexible architecture, high pore volume, high surface area, multifunctional properties, etc. To date, numerous CPs/MOFs have been developed and employed for the treatment and control of gaseous pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, through capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation. Nevertheless, there are also some key drawbacks and challenges for the practical application of these systems （e.g., poor selectivity, high energy （and fiscal） cost, high synthesis cost, low capacity, and difficulties in regeneration and recycling）. In this review, recent developments in CPs/MOFs research are described with their associated mechanisms for capture, sorptive removal, and catalytic degradation of VOCs. To this end, we discuss the key variables and challenges for afforded abatement of VOCs through CPs/MOFs technologies. Hopefully, this review will help the scientific community set future directions for the advancement of CPs/MOFs techniques for the effective management of diverse environmental issues.

Recent development in upconversion nanoparticles and their application in optogenetics:A review

Ion channels present in the plasma membrane are responsible for integration and propagation of electric signals,which transmit information in nerve cells.Malfunction of these ion channels leads to many neurological diseases.Recently,optogenetic technology has gained a lot of attention for the manipulation of neuronal circuits.Optogenetics is a neuromodulation approach that has been developed to control neuronal functions and activities using light.The lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)absorb low energy photons in near-infrared(NIR) window and emit high energy photons in the visible spectrum region via nonlinear processes.In the last few decades,UCNPs have gained great attention in various bio-medical applications such as bio-imaging,drug delivery and optogenetics.The near-infrared illumination is considered more suitable for optogenetics application,due to its lower degree of light attenuation and higher tissue penetration compared to visible light.Therefore,UCNPs have been considered as the new promising candidates for optogenetics applications.Upconversion nanoparticlemediated optogenetic systems provide a great opportunity to manipulate the ion channel in deep tissue.Herein,we summarize the upconversion photoluminescence in lanthanide doped nanomaterials and its mechanisms and several approaches adopted to tune emission color or enhance upconversion efficiency.Recent advances of lanthanide-doped UCNPs design strategy and their mechanism are reviewed.Then,we discuss the neural circuitry modulation using upconversion nanoparticles mediated optogenetics.Moreover,the future perspectives towards optogenetics are also included.

A neighborhood proximity based algorithm for overlapping community structure detection in weighted networks

1 Introduction Many real networks are inherently composed of overlapping structure at modular level where nodes have multiple memberships.Additionally,many real networks are equipped with several metadata such as ground truth,node and edge weights which make the whole business of community detection complicated.Nevertheless,there are a few well known algorithms,e.g.,CPMw[1]that can detect overlapping community structure in weighted networks.When it comes to the application of an algorithm,the desired output depends on the right choice of parameters.

Interleukin-6 role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays an important role in a num-ber of cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and inva-sion. IL-6 mediates its downstream effects by activating a number of signaling cascades including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition to its effects on tumor cells, IL-6 also regulates tumor progression and tumor metastasis by modulating tumor angiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis. A number of studies have shown that IL-6 levels are markedly upregulated in cancer patients. We and others have shown that high IL-6 expression indepen-dently predicts tumor recurrence, tumor metastasis and poor survival in head and neck cancer patients. Therefore targeting IL-6 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treat-ment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review, we discuss the cur-rent understanding of the role of IL-6 in HNSCC progression and potential therapeutic strategies to target IL-6 signaling for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. Copyright a 2016 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Circulating tumor cells in head and neck cancer:A review

Carcinoma of the head and neck represents 3.5%of all cancers, and the vast major-ity of these tumors are squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). With a stable overall survival rate of 50%among all stages, there is continued interested in developing measures for early detection and disease aggressiveness. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified as a potential marker for early metastatic disease, response to treatment, and surveillance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this article, techniques of CTC detection, applications of CTC technology, and outcomes of HNSCC patients will be discussed. Copyright a 2016 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Zwitterion-assisted transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets for scalable and biocompatible inkjet printing

Inkjet printing of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)nanosheets fabricated by liquid-phase exfoliation(LPE)allows simple,mass-producible,and low-cost photo-electronic devices.Many LPE processes involve toxic and environmentally hazardous solvents;however,dispersants have restricted the extent of applications of 2D-TMD inks.Herein,various 2D-TMD nanosheets,including MoS2,MoSe2,WS2,and WSe2,in addition to few-layered graphene,are inkjet-printed using a LPE process based on zwitterionic dispersants in water.Zwitterions with cationic and anionic species are water-soluble,while alkyl chain moieties associated with two ionic species adhere universally on the surface of TMD nanosheets,resulting in high throughput liquid exfoliation of the nanosheets.The zwitterion-assisted TMD nanosheets in water are successtully employed as an ink without the need for additives to adjust the viscosity and surface tension of the ink for use in an office inkjet printer;this gives rise to A4 scale,large-area inkjet-printed images on diverse substrates,such as metals,oxides,and polymer substrates patchable onto human skin.Combination with conductive graphene nanosheet inks allowed the development of mechanically flexible,biocompatible-printed arrays of photodetectors with pixelated MoSe2 channels on a paper exhibiting a photocurrent ON/OFF ratio of approximately 1038 and photocurrent switching of 500 ms.

Nonlinear quantum spectroscopy with parity-time-symmetric integrated circuits

We propose a novel quantum nonlinear interferometer design that incorporates a passive parity-time(PT)-symmetric coupler sandwiched between two nonlinear sections where signal-idler photon pairs are generated.The PT symmetry enables efficient coupling of the longer-wavelength idler photons and facilitates the sensing of losses in the second waveguide exposed to analyte under investigation,whose absorption can be inferred by measuring only the signal intensity at a shorter wavelength where efficient detectors are readily available.Remarkably,we identify a new phenomenon of sharp signal intensity fringe shift at critical idler loss values,which is distinct from the previously studied PT symmetry breaking.We discuss how such unconventional properties arising from quantum interference can provide a route to enhancing the sensing of analytes and facilitate broadband spectroscopy applications in integrated photonic platforms.

Role of extracellular vesicles secretion in paclitaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells

Aim:The development of chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Extracellular vesicles(EVs)secretion plays a significant role among different mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance.Hence,inhibition of EVs release may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against PCa.Methods:Paclitaxel(PTX)resistant PCa cells(PC3-R and DU145-R)were treated with GW4869,a known exosome biogenesis inhibitor.EVs were isolated from the conditioned media by ExoQuick-based precipitation method and characterized for concentration and size distribution by nanoparticle tracking analysis.The effect of GW4869 treatment on the survival and growth of PCa cells was assessed by MTT,and colony formation assays in vitro,and ectopic PC3-R xenografts in male athymic nude mice in vivo.The effect of other EV biogenesis inhibitors,imipramine and dimethyl amiloride(DMA),treatment was also analyzed on the survival of PC3-R cells.Results:GW4869(10-20μM)treatment of PTX resistant PCa cells significantly reduced the release of small EVs(50-100 nm size range)while increasing the release of larger EVs(>150 nm in size),and inhibited their clonogenicity.Moreover,GW4869(5-20μM)treatment(24-72h)significantly inhibited the survival of PC3-R cells in a dose-dependent manner.We observed a similar growth inhibition with both imipramine(5-20μg/mL)and DMA(5-20μg/mL)treatment in PC3-R cells.Furthermore,GW4869 treatment(IP)in mice bearing PC3-R xenografts significantly reduced the tumor weight(65%reduction,P=0.017)compared to the vehicle-treated control mice without causing any noticeable toxicity.Conclusion:Inhibiting the release of EVs could sensitize the resistant PCa cells to chemotherapy.