Research Progress on Self-Efficacy Level of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors

Self-efficacy plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and it runs through the whole process of diabetes treatment, which is conducive to controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of complications, as well as improving the quality of life of patients. This paper mainly describes the concept of self-efficacy, the current situation of self-efficacy of diabetic patients at home and abroad, the functional aspects and their influencing factors, so as to take relevant measures on how to improve self-efficacy. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the development of self-efficacy interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

青霉素家族专访直播录

青霉素是世界上发现的第一种抗菌药,目前已发展为含有β-内酰胺结构的抗菌药家族,在临床上广泛使用。本文以直播专访录的形式介绍了青霉素家族及主要成员。通过青霉素家族成员代表与主持人的对话,向人们生动展示了青霉素家族成员的抗菌机制、作用特点和临床应用,以此促进人们进一步树立合理应用抗生素的健康意识。

Quasi-Two-Dimensional Nature of High-Tc Superconductivity in Iron-Based(Li,Fe)OHFeSe

The intercalated iron selenide(Li,Fe)OHFeSe has a strongly layered structure analogous to the quasi-twodimensional(2D)bismuth cuprate superconductors,and exhibits both high-temperature(Tc)and topological superconductivity.However,the issue of its superconductivity dimensionality has not yet been fully investigated so far.Here we report that the quasi-2D superconductivity features,including the high anisotropyγ=151 and the associated quasi-2D vortices,are also revealed for(Li,Fe)OHFeSe,based on systematic experiments of the electrical transport and magnetization and model fittings.Thus,we establish a new vortex phase diagram for(Li,Fe)OHFeSe,which delineates an emergent quasi-2D vortex-liquid state,and a subsequent vortex-solid dimensional crossover from a pancake-like to a three-dimensional state with decreasing temperature and magnetic field.Furthermore,we find that all the quasi-2D characteristics revealed here for the high-Tciron selenide superconductor are very similar to those reported for high-Tcbismuth cuprate superconductors.

Interaction between MAPKs and MKPs in hexaploid chrysanthemum illuminates functional paralogue diversification in polyploids

Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs,also known as MPKs)regulate diverse cellular and physiological functions,and dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases(MKPs)modulate MAPK signalling through MAPK dephosphorylation and inactivation.Due to lacking of overall understanding for the regulatory networks between Chrysanthemum morifolium MKPs(CmMKPs)and C.morifolium MAPKs(CmMPKs),we systematically studied the interactions between four groups of CmMPKs and eight identified CmMKPs in chrysanthemum and found that the interaction between the specific CmMKP and the specific CmMPK differed from those in other plants.Furthermore,the expression of CmMKP1 and CmMKP1-LIKE1showed opposite trends during the development of chrysanthemum flower buds under salt treatment and Alternaria alternata inoculation,but these genes could interact with the same CmMPKs,providing insight into the subfunctionalization of paralogues.Amino acid variations(M87V,T277P and V6L)in dual-specificity protein phosphatases(DsPTP1)-LIKE1/2/3 changed the interactions of these proteins with the four CmMPK groups in chrysanthemum,providing evidence for the de/neofunctionalization of paralogues in polyploids,suggesting that we can identify the key functional sites of proteins by studying polyploid paralogues.

Chrysanthemum CmWRKY53 negatively regulates the resistance of chrysanthemum to the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanborni

Chrysanthemum is frequently attacked by aphids,which greatly hinders the growth and ornamental value of this plant species.WRKY transcription factors play an important role in the response to biotic stresses such as pathogen and insect stresses.Here,chrysanthemum CmWRKY53 was cloned,and its expression was induced by aphid infestation.To verify the role of CmWRKY53 in resistance to aphids,CmWRKY53 transgenic chrysanthemum was generated.CmWRKY53 was found to mediate the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to aphids.The expression levels of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes,such as peroxidase-and polyphenol oxidase-encoding genes,decreased in CmWRKY53-overexpressing(CmWRKY53-Oe)plants but dramatically increased in chimeric dominant repressor(CmWRKY53-SRDX)plants,suggesting that CmWRKY53 contributes to the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to aphids,possibly due to its role in the regulation of secondary metabolites.

妇产科手术后盆腹腔粘连预防中国指南(2023年版)

粘连是最常见的手术并发症,术后粘连在妇产科手术后也较为常见,术后粘连可能引起病理性的并发症,严重者甚至可危及生命。为了在临床上更好地预防粘连,在2015年的《预防妇产科手术后盆腹腔粘连的中国专家共识》基础上,根据新的研究结果,专家组遴选了与临床密切相关的12项问题进行了文献检索,并根据国际通用的标准进行了严谨评级和严格推荐。在兼顾严肃性、严谨性、严格性、实用性、科学性、权威性、政策性和安全性的前提下,最终制定了本指南,以规范临床工作,指导选择防粘连材料,加强防粘连意识,最终使患者获益。

Immune‑Ageing Evaluation of Peripheral T and NK Lymphocyte Subsets in Chinese Healthy Adults

Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune ageing.Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence.The change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy status.However,the changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype brought about by ageing have not been comprehensively analysed.Here,we analysed T and natural killer(NK)cell subsets,the phenotype and cell differentiation states in 43,096 healthy individuals,aged 20–88 years,without known diseases.Thirty-six immune parameters were analysed and the reference ranges of these subsets were established in different age groups divided into 5-year intervals.The data were subjected to random forest machine learning for immune-ageing modelling and confirmed using the neural network analysis.Our initial analysis and machine modelling prediction showed that na.ve T cells decreased with ageing,whereas central memory T cells(Tcm)and effector memory T cells(Tem)increased cluster of differentiation(CD)28-associated T cells.This is the largest study to investigate the correlation between age and immune cell function in a Chinese population,and provides insightful differences,suggesting that healthy adults might be considerably influenced by age and sex.The age of a person's immune system might be different from their chronological age.Our immune-ageing modelling study is one of the largest studies to provide insights into‘immune-age’rather than‘biological-age’.Through machine learning,we identified immune factors influencing the most through ageing and built a model for immune-ageing prediction.Our research not only reveals the impact of age on immune parameter differences within the Chinese population,but also provides new insights for monitoring and preventing some diseases in clinical practice.

二维过渡金属硫族化合物的研究进展

二维过渡金属硫族化合物(transition metal dichalcogenides, TMDCs)是继石墨烯之后的新型范德瓦耳斯材料,由于其天然的二维特性以及强自旋轨道耦合作用(spin-orbital coupling, SOC),导致诸如金属-绝缘体转变、电荷密度波(charge density wave, CDW)、能谷电子学、非常规超导电性等新颖物理性质的出现,使得这类材料成为研究低维量子物理的又一理想平台.其中能谷电子学与拓扑超导已经成为近年来凝聚态物理前沿研究的热点方向.本文在综述TMDCs材料的结构与基本物理性质的基础上,重点介绍了最近发展的用于生长原子层厚度的TMDCs材料的熔盐辅助化学气相沉积方法、在Se掺杂的MoSexTe2-x薄膜中实现的Td相到1T′相再到2H相的结构相变与超导增强现象,以及在少层Td-MoTe2中发现的非对称性SOC作用引起的类伊辛超导现象.最后,展望了TMDCs材料的潜在应用与可能存在的拓扑超导.