Volatile Solid and Bury Period Influence on Odorous Material Production in Simulating Landfill Treatment

Odor pollution in landfill area has attracted more social attention in China. It is very important to control the generation of odor pollutants in situ. Analyzing odorous materials production form buried waste, simulated columns of different volatile solid (VS) content and different buried period waste were designed. Gas compounds produced from the columns were collected and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) method. It has remarkable relationship between VS content and concentrations of odorous material. When VS content more than 40%, the total amount of odorous compounds increases remarkably. It can be inferred that reduced VS content of original waste may effective decreasing odorous materials production in landfill area. The old rubbish produced more odorous compounds than that of fresh one in simulated columns.

Geochemical modeling to aid experimental design for multiple isotope tracer studies of coupled dissolution and precipitation reaction kinetics

It is a challenge to make thorough but efficient experimental designs for the coupled mineral dissolution and precipitation studies in a multi-mineral system, because it is difficult to speculate the best experimental duration, optimal sampling schedule, effects of different experimental conditions, and how to maximize the experimental outputs prior to the actual experiments. Geochemical modeling is an efficient and effective tool to assist the experimental design by virtually running all scenarios of interest for the studied system and predicting the experimental outcomes. Here we demonstrated an example of geochemical modeling assisted experimental design of coupled labradorite dissolution and calcite and clayey mineral precipitation using multiple isotope tracers. In this study, labradorite(plagioclase) was chosen as the reactant because it is both a major component and one of the most reactive minerals in basalt. Following our isotope doping studies of single minerals in the last ten years, initial solutions in the simulations were doped withmultiple isotopes(e.g., Ca and Si). Geochemical modeling results show that the use of isotope tracers gives us orders of magnitude more sensitivity than the conventional method based on concentrations and allows us to decouple dissolution and precipitation reactions at near-equilibrium condition. The simulations suggest that the precise unidirectional dissolution rates can inform us which rate laws plagioclase dissolution has followed. Calcite precipitation occurred at near-equilibrium and the multiple isotope tracer experiments would provide near-equilibrium precipitation rates, which was a challenge for the conventional concentration-based experiments. In addition, whether the precipitation of clayey phases is the rate-limiting step in some multi-mineral systems will be revealed. Overall, the modeling results of multimineral reaction kinetics will improve the understanding of the coupled dissolution–precipitation in the multi-mineral systems and the quality of geochemical modeling prediction of CO_(2) removal and storage efficacy in the basalt systems.

Coupled alkali feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation in batch systems: 5. Results of K-feldspar hydrolysis experiments

This paper explores how dissolution and precipitation reactions are coupled in batch reactor experimental systems at elevated temperatures. This is the fifth paper in our series of ‘‘Coupled Alkali Feldspar Dissolution and Secondary Mineral Precipitation in Batch Systems.'' In the previous four papers we presented batch experiments of alkali-feldspar hydrolysis and explored the coupling of dissolution and precipitation reactions(Fu et al. in Chem Geol91:955–964, 2009; Zhu and Lu in Geochim Cosmochim Acta 73:3171–3200, 2009; Zhu et al.in Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74:3963–3983, 2010; Lu et al. in Appl Geochem30:75–90, 2013). Here, we present the results of additionalK-rich feldspar hydrolysis experiments at 150 °C. Our solution chemistry measurements have constrained feldspar dissolution rates, and our high resolution transmission electron microscopy work has identified boehmite precipitation. Reaction path modeling of K-feldspar dissolution and boehmite precipitation simulated the coupled reactions, but only with forced changes of boehmite rate law in the middle of experimental duration. The results which are reported in this article lend further support to our hypothesis that slow secondary mineral precipitation explains part of the wellknown apparent discrepancy between lab measured and field estimated feldspar dissolution rates(Zhu et al. in Water–rock interaction, 2004).

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction pull plug welding for2219-T87 aluminum alloy with tungsten inert gas weld

The friction pull plug welding(FPPW)of the 2219-T87 tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded joint was investigated,and the microstructures,precipitate evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture morphologies of this joint were analyzed and discussed.In this study,defectfree joints were obtained using a rotational speed of 7000 r/min,an axial feeding displacement of 12 mm,and an axial force of 20-22 kN.The results indicated that within these welding parameters,metallurgical bonding between the plug and plate is achieved by the formation of recrystallized grains.The microstructural features of the FPPW joint can be divided into different regions,including the heat-affected zone(HAZ),thermomechanically affected zone(TMAZ),recrystallization zone(RZ),heat-affected zone in the TIG weld(TIG-HAZ),and the thermomechanically affected zone in the TIG weld(TIG-TMAZ).In the TIG-TMAZ,the grains were highly deformed and elongated due to the shear and the extrusion that produces the plug during the FPPW process.The main reason for the softening in the TMAZ is determined to be the dissolution ofθ’and coarsening ofθprecipitate particles.In a tensile test,the FPPW joint welded with an axial force of 22 kN showed the highest ultimate tensile strength of 237 MPa.The locations of cracks and factures in the TIG-TMAZ were identified.The fracture morphology of the tensile sample showed good plasticity and toughness of the joints.

Liver injury changes the biological characters of serum small extracellular vesicles and reprograms hepatic macrophages in mice

BACKGROUND Serum small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)and their small RNA(sRNA)cargoes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver injury.However,the dynamic changes in serum sEVs and their sRNA components during liver injury have not been well characterized.Given that hepatic macrophages can quickly clear intravenously injected sEVs,the effect of liver injury-related serum sEVs on hepatic macrophages deserves to be explored.AIM To identify the characteristics of serum sEVs and the sRNAs during liver injury and explore their effects on hepatic macrophages.METHODS To identify serum sEV biomarkers for liver injury,we established a CCL4-induced mouse liver injury model in C57BL/6 mice to simulate acute liver injury(ALI),chronic liver injury(CLI)and recovery.Serum sEVs were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis.Serum sEV sRNAs were profiled by sRNA sequencing.Differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)were compared to mouse liver-enriched miRNAs and previously reported circulating miRNAs related to human liver diseases.The biological significance was evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of altered sEV miRNAs and conditioned cultures of ALI serum sEVs with primary hepatic macrophages.RESULTS We found that both ALI and CLI changed the concentration and morphology of serum sEVs.The proportion of serum sEV miRNAs increased upon liver injury,with the liver as the primary contributor.The altered serum sEV miRNAs based on mouse studies were consistent with human liver disease-related circulating miRNAs.We established serum sEV miRNA signatures for ALI and CLI and a panel of miRNAs(miR-122-5p,miR-192-5p,and miR-22-3p)as a common marker for liver injury.The differential serum sEV miRNAs in ALI contributed mainly to liver steatosis and inflammation,while those in CLI contributed primarily to hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplasia.ALI serum sEVs decreased both CD86 and CD206 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages but increased CD206 expression in resident macrophages in vitro.CONCLUSION Serum sEVs acquired different concentrations,sizes,morphologies and sRNA contents upon liver injury and could change the phenotype of liver macrophages.Serum sEVs therefore have good diagnostic and therapeutic potential for liver injury.

Design,synthesis and anti-HBV activity of novel bis(trifluoroethyl)phosphonomethyl ether derivatives of acyclovir

A series of novel bis（trifluoroethyl）phosphonomethyl ether derivatives of acyclovir was synthesized and their in vitro anti-HBV activity was evaluated in HepG2 2.2.15 cells. In contrast to acyclovir, most of the described phosphonates emerged as potent inhibitors of HBV replication. Especially, the most active compound 11 with IC50 value of 2.92 μmol/L was 33 times more potent than acyclovir with ICso value of 100 μmol/L.

Development and evaluation of Panax notoginseng saponins contained in an in situ pHtriggered gelling system for sustained ocular posterior segment drug delivery

Objective:This study aimed to lay the foundation for the research on Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)in pH-sensitive in situ gel and the development and improvement of related preparations.Methods:We used Carbopol■940,a commonly used pH-sensitive polymer,and the thickener hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC E4M)as an ophthalmic gel matrix to prepare an ophthalmic in situ gel of PNS.In addition,formula optimization was performed by assessing gelling capability with the results of in vitro release studies.In vitro(corneal permeation,rheological,and stability)and in vivo(ocular irritation and preliminary pharmacokinetics in the vitreous)studies were also performed.Results:The results demonstrated that the in situ gelling systems containing PNS showed a sustained release of the drug,making it an ideal ocular delivery system for improving posterior ocular bioavailability.Conclusions:This study lays the foundation for the research of PNS contained in an in situ pH-triggered gel as well as the development and improvement of related preparations.It concurrently traditional Chinese medicine with a contemporary in situ gelling approach to provide new directions for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.

突发性聋耳石器损伤情况及眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位与主观视觉垂直线相关性分析

目的 观察突发性聋患者耳石器损伤情况及其对预后的影响,探讨眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位(ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP)与主观视觉垂直线(subjective visual vertical,SVV)的相关性。方法 选取2021年10月至2022年3月广西医科大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的单侧突发性聋患者66例,根据是否伴发眩晕,分为不伴眩晕组38例和伴眩晕组28例;根据耳石功能是否正常,分为耳石功能正常组37例和耳石功能异常组29例。选取同期30例无耳科疾病健康志愿者为对照组。治疗前后分别行纯音听阈、oVEMP、颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位(cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP)及SVV检查,分析结果及oVEMP与SVV相关性。结果 伴眩晕组oVEMP、cVEMP、SVV异常率均高于不伴眩晕组、对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不伴眩晕组耳石器功能异常率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。突发性聋患者oVEMP与SVV无相关性,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,不伴眩晕组总有效率高于伴眩晕组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);耳石器功能正常组总有效率高于耳石器功能异常组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 突发性聋患者存在一定程度的耳石器功能损伤,突发性聋伴眩晕患者预后较不伴眩晕者差,耳石器功能对突发性聋患者的预后有一定的评估价值,oVEMP与SVV作为相对独立的两项耳石器功能检查,二者可相互补充,不能相互替代。

Metabolomics and its application in the evaluation of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine

Metabolomics is a newly developed discipline following genomics,transcriptomics,and proteomics.It is based on the theory of systems biology,supported by modern spectroscopy analysis technology and is analyzed by the external stimulation of organisms.By analyzing the overall changes of metabolites with low molecular weight in organism after being stimulated by the outside world,we can understand the physiological and pathological state of organism,and finally clarify the essence of biological changes of organism.In recent years,metabolomics has developed rapidly.It has been widely used in early toxicity screening of lead compounds,preclinical toxicity of drugs and toxicity evaluation of clinical drugs.The in-depth interpretation of metabolomics results is also developing.This article reviewed the progress of metabolomics technology and its application in the study of toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.

经颅彩色多普勒超声联合ABCD3-I量表对短暂性脑缺血发作所致脑梗死的评估价值

目的 分析经颅彩色多普勒超声(TCCS)联合ABCD3-I评估短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后脑梗死价值。方法 选取117例TIA患者采用TCCS检查和ABCD3-I量表进行评估,以数字剪影血管造影(DSA)或CT血管成像(CTA)为金标准评估颅内动脉狭窄程度以预警脑梗死风险。比较TCCS、ABCD3-I评估风险结果与金标准的符合情况,计算二者联合评估颅内血管狭窄程度的符合率。记录TCCS和ABCD3-I各自评估的风险亚组7 d脑梗死发生率,分析评价TCCS联合ABCD3-I预测TIA后7 d脑梗死效能。结果 TCCS联合ABCD3-I对颅内血管狭窄“无和轻度狭窄”“中度狭窄”“重度狭窄和闭塞”诊断或评估符合率分别为96.43%、89.47%、100%,TCCS联合ABCD3-I诊断或评估总符合率为95.73%(112/117),高于单用ABCD3-I评估符合率(P<0.01)。TCCS联合ABCD3-I诊断脑梗死的曲线下面积为0.946,95%CI为0.876~0.981,均大于TCCS和ABCD3-I单独诊断(P<0.01)。结论 TCCS联合ABCD3-I评估,能有效预测TIA脑梗死发生,有一定的临床价值,值得推广应用。

切取活检法在皮肤非结核分枝杆菌检测中的应用

目的:明确规范应用切取活检法对提高皮肤NTM病原体检出率的意义。方法:对2021-2024年采用切取活检法进行感染皮肤组织取材临床诊断为非结核分枝杆菌感染的9例患者资料进行回顾性分析,分析内容包括皮肤组织抗酸涂片、组织病理抗酸染色及细菌培养。结果:9例患者中,皮损脓液或皮下组织直接抗酸涂片阳性8例,组织培养6例培养出分枝杆菌,培养阳性率75%,病理抗酸涂片阳性1例。结论:切取活检法可用于皮肤非结核分枝杆菌感染的病原学取材,且取脓液和皮下坏死组织培养阳性检出率更高。

基于BO-BiGRU-Attention短期电力负荷预测

电力系统的可靠供应对于工业、商业和居民的生活至关重要。为了满足电力需求并维持电力系统的稳定运行,提高短期电力负荷预测的准确性和可靠性尤为关键;针对负荷数据存在复杂的非线性特性,该文提出一种基于贝叶斯优化算法的双向门控循环单元和注意力机制(BO-BiGRU-Attention)的混合预测模型对短期电力负荷进行精准预测。首先,使用Min-Max Normalization方法对负荷数据进行归一化处理。其次,利用BiGRU网络捕获序列中的长期依赖关系和上下文信息,结合注意力机制,通过在输入序列的不同部分给予不同的权重,从而突出关键特征。最后,针对BiGRU-Attention模型的超参数难以选取最优解的问题,引入贝叶斯优化算法对BiGRU-Attention模型的超参数进行寻优,完成短期电力负荷的预测。采用印度北部某地区的电力负荷数据进行预测分析,仿真结果表明,BO-BiGRU-Attention网络表现优于其他模型,各误差评价指标最小,其中MAE、RMSE和MAPE分别为56.67,73.49和1.16%,预测精度达到了99.47%。

Identification of chorion genes and RNA interference-mediated functional characterization of chorion-1 in Plutella xylostella

Choriogenesis is the last step of insect oogenesis,a process by which the chorion polypeptides are produced by the follicular cells and deposited on the surface of oocytes in order to provide a highly specialized protective barrier to the embryo.The essential features of chorion genes have yet to be clearly understood in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,a worldwide Lepidoptera pest attacking cruciferous crops and wild plants.In this study,complete sequences for 15 putative chorion genes were identified,and grouped into A and B classes.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both classes were highly conserved and within each,branches are also species-specific.Chorion genes from each class were located in pairs on scaffolds of the P.xylostella genome,some of which shared the common promoter regulatory region.All chorion genes were highly specifically expressed in the P.xylostella adult females,mostly in the ovary with full yolk,which is a crucial period to build the shells of the eggs.RNAi-based knockdown of chorion-1,which is located on the Px_scaffold 6 alone,although had no effect on yolk deposition,resulted in smaller eggs and sharply reduced hatchability.Additionally,inhibition of PxCho-1 expression caused a less dense arrangement of the columnar layers,reduced exochorion roughness and shorter microvilli.Our study provides the foundation for exploring molecular mechanisms of female reproduction in P.xylostella,and for making use of chorion genes as the potential genetic-based molecular target to better control this economically important pest.

3DuA-Net:融合3D卷积和注意力的雷达回波外推预报

针对短临降雨预测模型对历史雷达数据的建模结果存在视觉性能模糊和低估高回波值的问题,提出一种融合3D卷积和双端注意力机制的短临降雨雷达回波外推模型3DuA-Net。以ST-LSTM时空长短期记忆网络为循环单元,将普通卷积替换为3D卷积,增强模型从全局视角强化对短期运动特征信息的捕获能力。并提出DuAtt高效双端注意力机制,提高模型对长期雷达图像序列局部和全局重要特征信息的保存及结合能力。采用深圳气象局公开的多普勒雷达数据集进行实验,结果表明:在10、20、40 dBz阈值下,该模型相比Conv-LSTM基线模型的CSI指标平均提升7.74%,HSS指标平均提升5.54%,MAE指标下降3.8%,SSIM指标提升8.86%。

Engineering an asymmetric rhodamine dye suitable for developing ratiometric fluorescent probe

Fluorescent probes based on rhodamine skeleton are extensively used in biological imaging.However,the construction of ratiometric fluorescent probes based on the rhodamine skeleton without introducing additional fluorophores is still challenging.Herein,we propose an effective method to construct a rhodamine-based ratiometric fluorescent probe through the regulation of electron cloud density.A ratiometric fluorescent probe RDQF-RB-NTR was successfully constructed for the detection of nitroreductase(NTR).RDQF-RB-NTR exhibits good sensitivity,high selectivity,and ratiometric response to NTR.Cell imaging experiments showed that RDQF-RB-NTR can rapidly and accurately detect the fluctuation of NTR in cells and difference of NTR levels between normal cells and cancer cells.In addition,RDQF-RB-NTR was successfully applied to the imaging of NTR in liver tissue slices,and we found that the level of NTR was upregulated in liver cirrhosis.

坤泰胶囊对围绝经期综合征治疗作用的研究

目的探讨坤泰胶囊对围绝经期综合征(peripheral menopause syndrome,PMS)的治疗作用。方法共收集60例患PMS的志愿者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组服用坤泰胶囊,对照组则为替勃龙。坤泰胶囊,饭后0.5 h口服,每次2 g,1日3次。替勃龙,晚饭后0.5 h口服,每次2.5 mg,1次/d。所有患者均服药3个月。检测两组志愿者服药前后血清激素(FSH、LH、E2)浓度和改良后Kupperman评分(mKMI),判断坤泰胶囊对的治疗作用。结果mKMI比较:组间治疗前后有改善(P<0.05);服用药物3个月后,治疗组比对照组治疗和改善患者症状的效果更好(P<0.05)。性激素方面:与对照组相比,治疗组E2上升(P<0.05);治疗后FSH、LH两组均下降(P<0.05)。临床疗效治疗组疗效更好。结论坤泰胶囊治疗PMS的总疗效上更好。

利用大蜡螟幼虫和小鼠感染模型筛选猪链球菌血清2、3和9型三价灭活疫苗候选菌株

旨在评估临床分离的猪链球菌血清2、3、9型强毒株制备的三价灭活疫苗对小鼠的免疫保护效果。使用大蜡螟幼虫感染模型和小鼠感染模型,从临床分离的猪链球菌中筛选出血清2、3和9型强毒株各1株(SS1803、SS1803024、SS1696),检测其生长曲线和毒力因子。将菌株分别灭活及混合灭活后与佐剂混合,用4×10^(7)CFU、8×10^(7)CFU SS1803、2×10^(8)CFU、5×10^(8)CFU SS1803024、1×10^(8)CFU、5×10^(8)CFU SS1696及三价灭活苗(2×10^(7)CFU SS1803^(+)1.5×10^(8)CFU SS1803024^(+)3×10^(7)CFU SS1696)分别对BALB/c小鼠进行两轮免疫,采集血清检测特异性抗体水平,分别用3种菌株致死剂量攻毒后观察小鼠免疫保护率,同时用亚致死剂量攻毒三价苗免疫组,测定小鼠血、脑、肺、脾的组织载菌量和细胞因子IL-6、IL-12水平,并观察脑、肺、脾、肾中的组织病理变化。结果显示:3株疫苗候选菌株的毒力基因鉴定分别为SS1803:gapdh^(+)/sly^(+)/fbps^(+)/orf2^(+)/mrp^(-)/89K^(-)/gdh^(+)/epf^(+),SS1803024:gapdh^(+)/sly^(+)/fbps^(+)/orf2^(+)/mrp^(-)/89K^(-)/gdh^(+)/epf^(-),SS1696:gapdh^(+)/sly-/fbps^(+)/orf2^(+)/mrp^(-)/89K^(-)/gdh^(+)/epf^(-)。单价和三价疫苗免疫组均能产生对应免疫血清型的IgG抗体,以产生IgG1型抗体为主。三价疫苗免疫组能对2、3、9型3个菌株攻毒分别提供83.3%、66.7%和66.7%的保护率,能显著降低感染后小鼠组织中的载菌量,降低血清炎性因子水平和组织病变程度。本研究筛选临床流行率高的2、3、9型强毒株,联合制备三价灭活疫苗,能够对小鼠提供良好的免疫保护力,为猪链球菌多价疫苗的研发提供新的材料。

肛周乳头状汗腺腺瘤

患者女,38岁主诉:肛周左侧淡红色结节10年。现病史:患者10年前无明显诱因肛门左侧出现一绿豆大淡红色结节,无痛痒,未予诊治。皮损一直未消退,曾自行外用痔疮膏治疗后皮损未缓解,逐渐增大至花生米大结节。为明确诊断,遂于2022年9月13日来我院皮肤科就诊。

废弃PVDF管式超滤膜修复再生技术研究

为了减少管式超滤膜系统的膜更换成本,延长膜使用寿命,利用亲水修复剂对废弃PVDF管式超滤膜进行修复再生。通过XPS、SEM、AFM、孔径表征分析、过滤通量、截留率、机械强度等测试,探讨了废弃膜和再生膜的结构和性能。结果表明,经过膜修复实验,可补充废弃膜表面损失成分,修复剂所含DMAc还能溶解废弃膜孔隙中的有机污染物。在亲水剂、致孔剂和PVDF的共同作用下,再生膜表面可形成新的孔隙结构,平均孔径从0.0873μm增大至0.2355μm。确定了综合性能最优的再生膜修复剂成分为15%PVDF、75%DMAc、5%PEG和5%PVP,修复后的膜接触角降低了31.1%,在满足渗滤液中COD、NH3-N和TN截留率处理要求的同时,膜纯水通量提升近4倍,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别增加了52.5%和137.5%。

Gel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Flexible Sensing:Principles,Properties,and Applications

The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technologies has increased the need for wearable,portable,and self-powered flexible sensing devices.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)based on gel materials(with excellent conductivity,mechanical tunability,environmental adaptability,and biocompatibility)are considered an advanced approach for developing a new generation of flexible sensors.This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in gel-based TENGs for flexible sensors,covering their principles,properties,and applications.Based on the development requirements for flexible sensors,the working mechanism of gel-based TENGs and the characteristic advantages of gels are introduced.Design strategies for the performance optimization of hydrogel-,organogel-,and aerogel-based TENGs are systematically summarized.In addition,the applications of gel-based TENGs in human motion sensing,tactile sensing,health monitoring,environmental monitoring,human-machine interaction,and other related fields are summarized.Finally,the challenges of gel-based TENGs for flexible sensing are discussed,and feasible strategies are proposed to guide future research.