经黏膜下隧道内镜肿瘤切除术对贲门周围黏膜下肿瘤患者复发的影响

目的 分析经黏膜下隧道内镜肿瘤切除术(STER)对贲门周围黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)患者复发的影响。方法 92例贲门周围SMT患者,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各46例,分别予以STER、内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗,两组均术后随访12个月。比较两组围术期指标、治疗效果,术前、术后1周生活质量、睡眠情况、炎症指标、免疫指标,术后1周并发症,术后12个月复发情况。结果 与对照组比较,观察组手术时间更长,住院时间更短,治疗费用更低,剥离速度更快(P <0.05)。与术前比较,术后1周两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分,血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,全血CD8+水平降低,且观察组更低(P <0.05)。与术前比较,术后1周两组生活质量核心46问卷调查(QLQ-C46)、卡式评分(KPS),全血CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平升高,且观察组更高(P <0.05)。术后1周,两组并发症发生率比较,观察组更低(P <0.05),术后12个月两组复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 贲门周围SMT接受STER治疗的效果良好,可改善围术期指标,提高生活质量、睡眠情况,抑制机体炎症反应,改善免疫功能,并发症发生风险更低,且未增加复发情况。

基于机器学习和颅缝CT-MPR技术的北方成人年龄推断

目的运用CT和多平面重组(multiplanar reformation,MPR)技术获取颅缝断层图像,建立中国北方汉族成人年龄推断模型,探讨颅缝闭合规律在中国北方汉族人群年龄推断中的适用性。方法回顾性收集29~80岁健康北方汉族成人头部CT样本132例。对颅骨进行容积重组(volume reconstruction,VR)和MPR,每例样本生成160张颅缝断层图像。根据颅缝闭合分级标准对颅缝MPR图像进行评分,分别计算矢状缝、左右侧冠状缝和左右侧人字缝的平均闭合等级。以上述等级为自变量,建立北方汉族成人年龄推断的线性回归模型和梯度提升回归、支持向量回归、决策树回归和贝叶斯岭回归4种机器学习模型,并评估各模型推断年龄的准确性。结果各颅缝闭合等级均与年龄呈正相关,其中矢状缝相关性最高。4种机器学习模型年龄推断的准确性均高于线性回归模型,其中支持向量回归模型的准确性最高,平均绝对误差为9.542岁。结论机器学习模型和颅骨CT-MPR技术可联合用于中国北方汉族成人的年龄推断,但在法医学实践中仍需与其他成人年龄推断指标联合使用。

天津蓟县地震台两套VP宽频带倾斜仪数据对比分析

蓟县地震台是天津地区唯一的基岩出露台,台站两套VP宽频带倾斜仪分别安装在新山洞和小辛庄山洞。通过对蓟县台的两套VP宽频带倾斜仪数据内在质量、同震响应、环境影响、仪器维修等方面的对比分析,得出以下结论:以2023年为例,两套仪器的潮汐因子稳定性均较好,由于摆系故障,新山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪NS向精度比较差。通过2018—2023年对比,小辛庄山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪具有明显的年变形态,新山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪年变形态不明显,这可能与新山洞地质区域性节理发育以及台站周围抽水影响有关。强降雨、气压等自然环境变化会对两套仪器观测造成一定影响。两套VP宽频带倾斜仪均有较强记录地震的能力,能够清晰的记录到远场地震几秒至几十秒周期面波,对于近场中强震可以清晰记录P波初至,但是后续震相识别较为困难。针对新山洞VP宽频带倾斜仪EW向曾经出现的不定时突跳错数的故障,总结归纳了维修过程,为同类仪器运维提供参考。

基于CCFE自动构建安徽霍山地区微震目录

使用单台波形信号中检测区域地震信号(震中距<150 km)并识别P波和S波震相的CCFE模型,利用安徽霍山地区佛子岭台2017-06~08记录到的连续波形数据进行地震检测和震相识别。共检测出164次地震,约为地震目录的2.16倍,使地震目录中ML-1.7~0.0范围内的地震完整性得到较明显的改善。检测到编目地震的P波和S波震相到时与编目结果相差0.03 s左右。同目前比较常见的深度学习模型CRED、EQT和GPD相比,CCFE模型对于震级较小及某些特殊情形,如2个距离较近,尤其是较大地震前震级相对小很多的地震波形,具备较高的地震检测和震相识别成功率。

MicroRNA-451 from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy via Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway to Attenuate Burn-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA(miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(hUC-MSC-Exos)alleviates acute lung injury(ALI).This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy.Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs.Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor.Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βlevels.qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1(TSC1)expressions.The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway and autophagy.Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level.Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy.MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1.Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages.Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced.Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.

The role of intestinal flora on tumorigenesis,progression,and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in colorectal cancer

Intestinal flora affects the maturation of the host immune system,serves as a biomarker and efficacy predictor in the immunotherapy of several cancers,and has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have shown satisfactory results in MSI-H/d MMR CRC but performed poorly in patients with MSS/p MMR CRC.In recent years an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal flora has an important impact on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC patients.Preclinical and clinical evidence have suggested that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy can be improved by altering the composition of the intestinal flora in CRC.Herein,we summarize the studies related to the influence of intestinal flora on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody efficacy in CRC and discuss the potential underlying mechanism(s).We have focused on the impact of the intestinal flora on the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in CRC and how to better utilize the intestinal flora as an adjuvant to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.In addition,we have provided a basis for the potential of the intestinal flora as a new treatment modality and indicator for determining patient prognosis.

Selection and application of four QTLs for grain protein content in modern wheat cultivars

The grain protein content(GPC)is the key parameter for wheat grain nutritional quality.This study conducted a resampling GWAS analysis using 406 wheat accessions across eight environments,and identified four previously reported GPC QTLs.An analysis of 87 landraces and 259 modern cultivars revealed the loss of superior GPC haplotypes,especially in Chinese cultivars.These haplotypes were preferentially adopted in different agroecological zones and had broad effects on wheat yield and agronomic traits.Most GPC QTLs did not significantly reduce yield,suggesting that high GPC can be achieved without a yield penalty.The results of this study provide a reference for future GPC breeding in wheat using the four identified QTLs.

老年类风湿关节炎的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种常见的以进行性关节破坏为特征的慢性炎症性自身免疫病。老年RA可以分为:发病年龄≥60岁的老年RA(EORA)与青壮年发病的RA(YORA)病情迁延至老年。随着人口老龄化的进展,EORA的发病率在逐年增加,男性更为常见,临床特点及实验室检查均有其独特性。EORA起病急,以全身大关节和近端关节受累为主,且类风湿因子的阳性率较低。此外,EORA患者临床合并症多,给治疗带来了更大的挑战。非甾体抗炎药物在老年患者中使用时不良反应风险增加,而传统合成改善病情的抗风湿药物对EORA和YORA患者有相同的疗效;生物改善病情的抗风湿药物在EORA患者中的安全性和有效性尚缺乏明确的研究证据。该文总结了EORA的流行病学、临床特征、临床并发症及治疗方法,旨在为EORA的有效管理提供科学的参考依据。

FAM160A2功能缺失性突变可能诱发心房颤动

心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)是临床最常见的心律失常,对AF致病基因的研究,有助于AF早期筛查。本文旨在家族性AF人群和散发性AF人群中筛选具有潜在发病意义的易感基因,并对其在AF发生机制进行初步探讨。首先对4名家族性AF进行全外显子组测序(WES),鉴定AF相关基因。然后用Sanger测序在非家族性AF人群和健康人群中证实易感基因突变情况,应用Western印迹分析其蛋白质表达情况,利用膜片钳技术分析突变基因对外向钾离子电流的影响。家族共有39人,其中有4人发生AF,这4名AF患者存在2个共有的突变基因FAM160A 2(纯合突变,rs77726581 c.1375C>T)和MUC5B(杂合突变,rs199736618 c.12272C>T)。在52例非家族性AF患者中,有5例存在FAM160A2相同位点杂合突变,在健康人群中未发现此突变;而MUC5B在非家族性AF人群和健康人群中均发生杂合突变。FAM160A2蛋白在非家族性AF散发人群和健康人群中表达水平并无显著性差异。FAM160A 2基因突变明显降低外向钾离子电流(与野生型比较,P<0.001)。由此可见,FAM160A 2基因功能缺失性突变可能是AF发生的新分子生物学机制,可用于AF早期筛查。

Small particle drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization combined with targeted therapy in the clinical treatment of unresectable liver cancer

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is a highly malignant tumor with significant clinical impact.Chemotherapy alone often yields suboptimal outcomes in both the short and long term,characterized by high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis,leading to a poor long-term prognosis.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of small particle drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization(DEB-TACE)combined with targeted therapy for the treatment of unresectable liver cancer.METHODS We analyzed clinical data from 74 patients with unresectable liver cancer admitted between January 2019 and December 2020.Based on the different treatment regimens administered,patients were divided into the control(36 patients receiving sorafenib alone)and joint(38 patients receiving small particle DEB-TACE combined with sorafenib)groups.We compared liver function indicators[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),albumin(ALB)]and serum tumor markers[alpha fetoprotein(AFP)]before and after treatment in both groups.Short-term efficacy measures[complete response(CR),partial response,progression disease,stable disease,objective response rate(ORR),and disease control rate(DCR)]were assessed post-treatment.Long-term follow-up evaluated median overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),and adverse reaction rates between the two groups.RESULTS One month post-treatment,the joint group demonstrated significantly higher rates of CR,ORR,and DCR compared to the control group(P<0.05).Three days after treatment,the joint group showed elevated levels of ALT,AST,and TBIL but reduced levels of ALB and AFP compared to the control group(P<0.05).The median OS was 18 months for the control group and 25 months for the joint group,while the median PFS was 15 months for the control group and 22 months for the joint group,with significant differences observed(log-rank:χ2=7.824,6.861,respectively;P=0.005,0.009,respectively).The incidence of adverse reactions was not significantly different between the groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of small particle DEB-TACE and sorafenib significantly improves both short-and long-term outcomes in the treatment of unresectable liver cancer while preserving liver function.

Efficacy and safety of carrimycin in ten patients with severe pneumonia following solid organ transplantation

BACKGROUND The number of patients undergoing solid organ transplantation has increased annually.However,infections in solid organ transplant recipients can have a severe effect on patient survival owing to the continued use of immunosuppressants.Carrimycin is a novel macrolide antibiotic produced by genetically engineered streptomyces spiramyceticus harboring a 4’’-O-isovaleryltransferase gene(ist)from streptomyces thermotoleran.Carrimycin has good antibacterial and antiviral effects.However,no relevant studies have been conducted on the efficacy and safety of carrimycin in patients with severe pneumonia(SP)after solid organ transplantation.AIM To explore the efficacy and safety of carrimycin in patients with SP after solid organ transplantation to provide a medication reference for clinical treatment.METHODS In March 2022,ten patients with SP following solid-organ transplantation were treated at our hospital between January 2021 and March 2022.When the condition was critical and difficult to control with other drugs,carrimycin was administered.These ten patients'clinical features and treatment protocols were retrospectively analyzed,and the efficacy and safety of carrimycin for treating SP following solid organ transplantation were evaluated.RESULTS All ten patients were included in the analysis.Regarding etiological agent detection,there were three cases of fungal pneumonia,two cases of bacterial pneumonia,two cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia,and three cases of mixed infections.After treatment with carrimycin,the disease in seven patients significantly improved,the course of the disease was significantly shortened,fever was quickly controlled,chest computed tomography was significantly improved,and oxygenation was significantly improved.Finally,the patients were discharged after curing.One patient died of acute respiratory distress syndrome,and two patients discontinued treatment.CONCLUSION Carrimycin is a safe and effective treatment modality for SP following solid organ transplantation.Carrimycin may have antibacterial and antiviral effects in patients with SP following solid organ transplantation.

Seven-years post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation pure red cell aplastic anemia cured with daratumumab:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(Allo-HSCT)is currently the only viable method of curing patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.In 30%to 50%of patients,donors and recipients have some level of ABO blood group incompatibility.ABO blood group incompatibility can cause antibodies against the donor's red blood cells to persist in the recipient's body,resulting in a delay of several months in the recovery of red blood cells.A number of different treatments have been reported for post-transplant pure red cell aplastic anaemia(PRCA),such as plasmapheresis,donor lymphocyte infusions,anti-thymocyte globulin,rituximab and steroids.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old female diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia underwent peripheral blood allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in November 2013 from an HLA matched unrelated donor.The donor was AB-positive and the recipient was O-positive.The patient was diagnosed with PRCA three months after receiving the donor stem cell transplant.After failing multiple lines of therapy,the patient applied for daratumumab.After receiving three doses of daratumumab,the patient developed a reticulocyte response and no longer required CONCLUSION The use of daratumumab anti-CD38 for the remove of plasma cells is safe and effective and may be tried for refractory patients with PRCA after undergoing allo-HSCT for ABO incompatibility.

数字新质生产力驱动新型工业化发展的机制与路径研究

本文从生产力三要素入手探讨数字新质生产力驱动新型工业化发展的机制与路径。采用定性分析和数理统计相结合的研究方法,阐释数字新质生产力和新型工业化的科学内涵。数字新质生产力为新型工业化发展提供劳动者、劳动资料和劳动对象数字化新三要素,驱动新型工业化实现质效转变、自主创新、绿色低碳、以人为本和开放循环。分析当前我国数字新质生产力驱动新型工业化中存在政府主导作用不够、未来新兴产业发展缓慢、人才储备不足和数字鸿沟仍然较大四个关键问题,提出厘清政府责任、培养数字化劳动者、升级劳动资料和改造劳动对象四条解决路径,对于加快培育形成数字新质生产力驱动新型工业化有重要意义。

Risk Analysis of Passalora sequoiae Invasion to China with Imported Coniferous Wood

According to international standard plant quarantine measures and principle risk analysis(ISPM No.11),a risk assessment was carried out for Passalora sequoiae through geographical distribution,possibility of colonization,probability of diffusion,economic importance and difficulty in risk management.Results show that P.sequoiae has a greater risk of introduction and diffusion,and it has distributed in parts of China.It is suggested that P.sequoiae should be added to the list of forest dangerous pests in China.Besides,porting departments should focus on the pathogen on imported host seedlings like Cryptomeria.

净水厂数字孪生模型构建方法研究与实践

为解决净水厂数字孪生模型构建问题,基于数字孪生五维模型,结合净水厂全流程工艺要求提出全要素数字孪生模型构建方法。通过净水厂多层次多尺度数字孪生几何模型,对净水厂全要素及其关系进行数字化呈现;通过标识解析、数据采集、语义描述和有限状态机行为搭建净水厂数字孪生信息模型,实现物理世界与数字空间的虚实映射和数字化表达;通过“机理+智能”混合驱动搭建净水厂数字孪生决策模型,对净水厂的运行机理和规律进行刻画。基于所提理论和方法设计开发了数字孪生净水厂运维管控一体化平台,为构建净水厂数字孪生模型提供了参考。

肿瘤外周血管介入手术模拟训练系统在进修医生教学培训中的应用

目的探讨肿瘤外周血管介入模拟训练系统在进修医生教学培训中的应用效果。方法选取2020年1月至12月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院进行肿瘤外周血管介入培训的进修医生为研究对象,根据培训方式分为对照组和观察组。两组培训后独立完成肝动脉导管介入栓塞治疗,分别记录两组的手术用时和并发症发生情况。结果共纳入30名进修医生,其中对照组12名、观察组18名。两组进修医生各自独立完成30台肝动脉导管造影+栓塞术,观察组手术用时明显短于对照组(70.32±6.55 vs.84.21±7.65,P=0.015),两组并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肿瘤外周血管介入手术模拟训练系统有助于提高进修医生的操作技能,缩短介入操作时间。

含漱利多卡因复合小剂量咪达唑仑在肥胖患者无痛胃镜中的应用

目的观察含漱利多卡因复合小剂量咪达唑仑用于肥胖患者无痛胃镜检查的麻醉效果。方法选取2020年8月-2021年10月该院行无痛胃镜检查的肥胖患者120例作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为常规组、对照组和观察组,每组40例。常规组采用舒芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉麻醉,对照组采用咪达唑仑、舒芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉麻醉,观察组采用含漱2%利多卡因复合咪达唑仑、舒芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉麻醉。比较3组患者麻醉给药前(T_(0))、开始检查时(T_(1))、胃镜过咽喉部时(T_(2))、检查结束时(T_(3))和苏醒时(T_(4))的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、经皮动脉血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))和呼吸频率(RR)变化情况,同时记录3组患者丙泊酚总用量、苏醒时间、麻醉效果及不良反应的发生情况。结果观察组在胃镜检查过程中各时点的HR、MAP和SpO_(2)变化均优于常规组和对照组,且与常规组和对照组相比,观察组丙泊酚总用量少,苏醒时间短,麻醉效果好,不良反应发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论含漱利多卡因复合小剂量咪达唑仑等静脉麻醉药物的方案,在肥胖患者无痛胃镜检查中具有呼吸抑制轻、血流动力学稳定和麻醉效果好等优点,大大降低了肥胖患者无痛胃镜检查过程中的麻醉风险,为肥胖患者无痛胃镜检查提供了一种安全、有效的麻醉方案,值得临床推广应用。

基于剂量预测和自动勾画技术的PET/CT器官内照射剂量率快速评估方法

目的:实现一种基于深度学习的剂量预测和自动勾画技术的正电子发射断层成像(PET)/CT检查器官内照射剂量率的快速评估方法。方法:首先基于患者特定时刻的PET/CT图像,使用蒙特卡罗程序GATE进行内照射剂量率计算,获得每个患者的剂量率分布图。随后,基于U-Net构建深度神经网络,将患者的CT和PET图像作为输入,GATE计算的剂量率图作为金标准进行训练。训练后的深度学习模型能够根据患者的CT和PET图像预测对应的剂量率分布。同时,使用勾画软件DeepViewer对患者CT图像中的器官和组织进行自动勾画,结合预测得到的剂量率分布结果计算相应器官和组织的吸收剂量率。使用50名患者的PET/CT数据,其中10份用于测试,其余40份进行4折交叉训练,每次使用30份用于训练,10份用于验证。将测试集结果与GATE和GPU蒙特卡罗工具ARCHER-NM进行对比。结果:在自动勾画软件DeepViewer勾画的24个器官中,绝大部分器官的深度学习预测剂量率与GATE计算结果偏差在±10%以内。其中大脑、心脏、肝脏、左肺、右肺的平均偏差分别为3.3%、1.1%、1.0%、-1.1%、0.0%,与GATE具有较好的一致性。使用GATE程序进行每名患者的内照射剂量率计算平均用时8.91 h,而使用深度神经网络模型进行内照射剂量率预测平均每名患者用时15.1 s,平均加速比达到2 120倍。和ARCHER-NM的对比表明,基于深度学习方法的剂量率预测具有速度优势,但在结果的可解释性方面还需要改善。结论:利用深度学习预测和自动勾画技术可以从PET/CT图像快速得到剂量率分布,有望作为一种PET/CT内照射剂量率快速评估方法,为临床核医学快速、实时地计算人体内照射吸收剂量提供一种新的解决方案。

依洛尤单抗对冠心病心绞痛患者PCSK9、sICAM-1水平的影响

目的:探究依洛尤单抗对冠心病心绞痛患者前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9(PCSK9)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)水平的影响。方法:选取2021年7月至2022年7月中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的冠心病心绞痛患者106例,按随机数字表法分为常规治疗组和依洛尤单抗组,每组53例。两组均用利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂等常规治疗,依洛尤单抗组在常规治疗基础上加用依洛尤单抗治疗。对比两组治疗总有效率、心绞痛发作情况、心功能、血脂功能、内皮功能及PCSK9、sICAM-1水平。结果:依洛尤单抗组治疗总有效率高于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。依洛尤单抗组心绞痛发作次数、持续时间低于常规治疗组,左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)小于常规治疗组,左室射血分数(LVEF)高于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。依洛尤单抗组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、高敏肌钙蛋白I(hs-TNI)、PCSK9、sICAM-1、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平低于常规治疗组,一氧化氮(NO)水平高于常规治疗组(均P<0.05)。PCSK9、sICAM-1水平与LVPWd、TC、TG、ET-1、cTnI、hs-TNI、LDL-C呈正相关关系,与LVEF、NO呈负相关关系(P<0.05);PCSK9与sICAM-1呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:依洛尤单抗对冠心病心绞痛的治疗效果显著,能够改善患者心功能、血脂指标和内皮功能,并降低PCSK9、sICAM-1水平。

Pan-genome and transcriptome analyses provide insights into genomic variation and differential gene expression profiles related to disease resistance and fatty acid biosynthesis in eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)

Walnut(Juglans)species are used as nut crops worldwide.Eastern black walnut(EBW,Juglans nigra),a diploid,horticultural important woody species is native to much of eastern North America.Although it is highly valued for its wood and nut,there are few resources for understanding EBW genetics.Here,we present a high-quality genome assembly of J.nigra based on Illumina,Pacbio,and HiC technologies.The genome size was 540.8 Mb,with a scaffold N50 size of 35.1 Mb,and 99.0%of the assembly was anchored to 16 chromosomes.Using this genome as a reference,the resequencing of 74 accessions revealed the effective population size of J.nigra declined during the glacial maximum.A single whole-genome duplication event was identified in the J.nigra genome.Large syntenic blocks among J.nigra,Juglans regia,and Juglans microcarpa predominated,but inversions of more than 600 kb were identified.By comparing the EBW genome with those of J.regia and J.microcarpa,we detected InDel sizes of 34.9 Mb in J.regia and 18.3 Mb in J.microcarpa,respectively.Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes identified five presumed NBS-LRR(NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITELEUCINE-RICH REPEAT)genes were upregulated during the development of walnut husks and shells compared to developing embryos.We also identified candidate genes with essential roles in seed oil synthesis,including FAD(FATTY ACID DESATURASE)and OLE(OLEOSIN).Our work advances the understanding of fatty acid bioaccumulation and disease resistance in nut crops,and also provides an essential resource for conducting genomics-enabled breeding in walnut.