Skin-inspired interface modification strategy toward a structurefunction integrated hybrid smart fabric system with self-powered sensing property for versatile applications

Fabric-based composites with superior mechanical properties and excellent perceptive function are highly desirable.However,it remains a huge challenge to attain structure-function integration,especially for hybrid fabric composites.Herein,a skin-inspired interface modification strategy is proposed toward this target by constructing a hybrid smart fabric system consisting of two types of smart fabrics:carbon nanotube(CNT)/MXene-modified aramid fabrics and zinc oxide nanorod(ZnO NR)-modified carbon fabrics.Based on that,flexible piezoelectric pressure sensors with skin-like hierarchical perception interfaces are fabricated,which demonstrate superb sensitivity of 2.39 V·kPa^(-1)and are capable of various wearable monitoring tasks.Besides,the interface-modified hybrid fabric reinforced plastics can also be fabricated,which are proven to possess 13.6%higher tensile strength,10.1%elastic modulus.More impressively,their average energy absorption can be improved by 111.9%,accompanied with inherent damage alert capability.This offers a paradigm to fabricate structure-function integrated hybrid smart fabric composites for the smart clothing and intelligent aerial vehicles.

Statistical evaluation of 571 GaAs quantum point contact transistors showing the 0.7 anomaly in quantized conductance using cryogenic on-chip multiplexing

Themass production and the practical number of cryogenic quantum devices producible in a single chip are limited to the number of electrical contact pads and wiring of the cryostat or dilution refrigerator.It is,therefore,beneficial to contrast themeasurements of hundreds of devices fabricated in a single chip in one cooldown process to promote the scalability,integrability,reliability,and reproducibility of quantum devices and to save evaluation time,cost and energy.Here,we used a cryogenic on-chip multiplexer architecture and investigated the statistics of the 0.7 anomaly observed on the first three plateaus of the quantized conductance of semiconductor quantum point contact(QPC)transistors.Our single chips contain 256 split gate field-effect QPC transistors(QFET)each,with two 16-branch multiplexed source-drain and gate pads,allowing individual transistors to be selected,addressed and controlled through an electrostatic gate voltage process.A total of 1280 quantum transistors with nano-scale dimensions are patterned in 5 different chips of GaAs heterostructures.From the measurements of 571 functioning QFETs taken at temperatures T[1.4 K and T[40 mK,it is found that the spontaneous polarisation model and Kondo effect do not fit our results.Furthermore,some of the features in our data largely agreed with van Hove model with short-range interactions.Our approach provides further insight into the quantum mechanical properties and microscopic origin of the 0.7 anomaly in QFETs,paving the way for the development of semiconducting quantum circuits and integrated cryogenic electronics,for scalable quantum logic control,readout,synthesis,and processing applications.

Three-dimensional nanoscale vortex line visualization and chiral nanostructure fabrication of tightly focused multi-vortex beams via direct laser writing

Optical singularity is pivotal in nature and has attracted wide interest from many disciplines nowadays,including optical communication,quantum optics,and biomedical imaging.Visualizing vortex lines formed by phase singularities and fabricating chiral nanostructures using the evolution of vortex lines are of great significance.In this paper,we introduce a promising method based on two-photon polymerization direct laser writing(2PP-DLW)to record the morphology of vortex lines generated by tightly focused multi-vortex beams(MVBs)at the nanoscale.Due to Gouy phase,the singularities of the MVBs rotate around the optical axis and move towards each other when approaching the focal plane.The propagation dynamics of vortex lines are recorded by 2PP-DLW,which explicitly exhibits the evolution of the phase singularities.Additionally,the MVBs are employed to fabricate stable three-dimensional chiral nanostructures due to the spiral-forward property of the vortex line.Because of the obvious chiral features of the manufactured nanostructures,a strong vortical dichroism is observed when excited by the light carrying orbital angular momentum.A number of applications can be envisioned with these chiral nanostructures,such as optical sensing,chiral separation,and information storage.

Sequential stabilization of RNF220 by RLIM and ZC4H2 during cerebellum development and Shh-group medulloblastoma progression

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is essential for the proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs), and its misregulation is linked to various disorders, including cerebellar cancer medulloblastoma (MB). During vertebrate neural development, RNF220, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, is involved in spinal cord patterning by modulating the subcellular location of glioma-associated oncogene homologs (Glis) through ubiquitination. RNF220 is also required for full activation of Shh signaling during cerebellum development in an epigenetic manner through targeting embryonic ectoderm development. ZC4H2 was reported to be involved in spinal cord patterning by acting as an RNF220 stabilizer. Here, we provided evidence to show that ZC4H2 is also required for full activation of Shh signaling in CGNP and MB progression by stabilizing RNF220. In addition, we found that the ubiquitin E3 ligase RING finger LIM domain-binding protein (RLIM) is responsible for ZC4H2 stabilization via direct ubiquitination, through which RNF220 is also thus stabilized. RLIM is a direct target of Shh signaling and is also required for full activation of Shh signaling in CGNP and MB cell proliferation. We further provided clinical evidence to show that the RLIM‒ZC4H2‒RNF220 cascade is involved in Shh-group MB progression. Disease-causative human RLIM and ZC4H2 mutations affect their interaction and regulation. Therefore, our study sheds light on the regulation of Shh signaling during cerebellar development and MB progression and provides insights into neural disorders caused by RLIM or ZC4H2 mutations.

Application of informatics in cancer research and clinical practice:Opportunities and challenges

Cancer informatics has significantly progressed in the big data era.We summarize the application of informatics approaches to the cancer domain from both the informatics perspective(e.g.,data management and data science)and the clinical perspective(e.g.,cancer screening,risk assessment,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis).We discuss various informatics methods and tools that are widely applied in cancer research and practices,such as cancer databases,data standards,terminologies,high‐throughput omics data mining,machine‐learning algorithms,artificial intelligence imaging,and intelligent radiation.We also address the informatics challenges within the cancer field that pursue better treatment decisions and patient outcomes,and focus on how informatics can provide opportunities for cancer research and practices.Finally,we conclude that the interdisciplinary nature of cancer informatics and collaborations are major drivers for future research and applications in clinical practices.It is hoped that this review is instrumental for cancer researchers and clinicians with its informatics‐specific insights.

Alpha-beta chimeric polypeptide molecular brushes display potent activity against superbugs-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)are frequently encountered for both nosocomial infections and community acquired infections,with special concerns on the quick emergence of methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA)[1,2].Antibiotics are used extensively to treat these infections[2].However,antimicrobial resistance has been a tremendous challenge against current antibiotic and calls for urgent actions to explore novel antimicrobial agents that are active against MRSA and are less susceptible to antimicrobial resistance than do conventional antibiotics[3–13].Encouraged by the low propensity for microbes to develop antimicrobial resistance,host defense peptides(HDPs)and their synthetic mimics were actively studied[3,4,14–34].Although peptidyl mimics of HDP have variable structures,many of them involved multiple copies ofα-L-lysine to introduce into the molecules positive charges that were critical for the antimicrobial activity[35,36].

ZC4H2 stabilizes RNF220 to pattern ventral spinal cord through modulating Shh/Gli signaling

ZC4H2 encodes a C4H2 type zinc-finger nuclear factor,the mutation of which has been associated with disorders with various clinical phenotypes in human,including developmental delay,intellectual disability and dystonia.ZC4H2 has been suggested to regulate spinal cord patterning in zebrafish as a co-factor for RNF220,an ubiquitin E3 ligase involved in Gli signaling.Here we showed that ZC4H2 and RNF220 knockout animals phenocopy each other in spinal patterning in both mouse and zebrafish,with mispatterned progenitor and neuronal domains in the ventral spinal cord.We showed evidence that ZC4H2 is required for the stability of RNF220 and also proper Gli ubiquitination and signaling in vivo.Our data provides new insights into the possible etiology of the neurodevelopmental impairments observed in ZC4H2-associated syndromes.

Synergistic Combination of Biodegradable Peptide Polymer and Curcumin as Promising Antibiotic Substitution in Aquaculture to Alleviate the Global Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance

The massive use of antibiotics in aquaculture and resulted antibacterial resistance problem urgently need antibiotic substitutions. Herein, we report a promising substitution of aquaculture antibiotics using a synergistic combination of biodegradable peptide polymers and curcumin, a natural compound from plant. The synergistic combination shows strong antibacterial activity against V. fluvialis and some other common bacteria in aquaculture. The membrane-damaging antibacterial mechanism echoes our finding that the synergistic combination will not induce bacteria to develop resistance after continuous use. The synergistic combination also displays effective cure on V. fluvialis-infected zebrafish. The biodegradability of the peptide polymer enables the combination to lose antibacterial activity and will not cause selective pressure on bacterial in the environment. Our study indicates potential application of synergistic composition, biodegradable peptide polymer and curcumin, as promising antibiotic substitution in aquaculture, which represents a promising strategy to address the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

Ancient Y-DNA with reconstructed phylogeny provides insights into the demographic history of paternal haplogroup N1a2-F1360

Northern Eurasia (nEA) has been considered crucial for the dispersal of the anatomically modern human (AMH) in recent studies.After the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM),ancient populations from different locations were redistributed throughout the region (Sikora et al.,2019;Yu et al.,2020;Kílínc et al.,2021;Mao et al.,2021).It is suggested that the emergence of many diverse ethnolinguistic groups.

Haploinsufficiency oftheTDP43 ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 leads to ALS-like motor neuron defects in the mouse

TDP43 pathology is seen in a large majority of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)cases,suggesting a central pathogenic role of this regulatory protein.Clarifying the molecular mechanism controlling TDP43 stability and subcellular location might provide important insights into ALS therapy.The ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 is involved in different neural developmental processes through various molecular targets in the mouse.Here,we report that the RNF2207 mice showed progressively decreasing mobility to different extents,some of which developed typical ALS pathological characteristics in spinal motor neurons,including TDP43 cytoplasmic accumulation,atrocytosis,muscle denervation,and atrophy.Mechanistically,RNF220 interacts with TDP43 in vitro and in vivo and promotes its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.In conclusion,we propose that RNF220 might be a modifier of TDP43 function in vivo and contribute to TDP43 pathology in neurodegenerative disease like ALS.

Photoluminescence properties of Ca_(4)La_(6)（SiO_(4)）_(4)（PO_(4)）_(2)O_(2)-based phosphors for wLEDs

The apatite compound Ca4La6（SiO4）4（PO4）2O2（CLSPO） was explored as the host material for phosphors used in white light-emitting diodes（w LEDs）. The crystal structure of the CLSPO host prepared by the solid-state reaction method was investigated with Rietveld refinement. The rare earth ions(Eu3+/Tb3+/Ce3+, Tb3+/Tb3+, Mn2+)activated CLSPO phosphors were synthesized, and their photoluminescence properties, quantum yields, as well as thermal stabilities, were studied. Under near-ultraviolet excitations, the Eu3+ and Tb3+ -doped CLSPO compounds exhibited red and green emissions with high luminescence efficiencies. Besides, tunable emissions from green to orange were obtained by introducing Mn2+ ions into the Tb3+ -doped CLSPO samples. The results showed that the phosphors studied may have potential applications for w LEDs.