The last 20 years have produced developments in the treatment for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA)who were once considered to be infertile.The combination of intracytoplasmic sperm injection together wit...The last 20 years have produced developments in the treatment for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA)who were once considered to be infertile.The combination of intracytoplasmic sperm injection together with various testicular sperm retrieval techniques,including conventional testicular sperm extraction(TESE),microdissection TESE(micro-TESE)and fine needle aspiration(FNA),have revolutionized treatment for these men.In men with NOA,isolated regions of spermatogenesis within the testis are common.The goal for all types of sperm retrieval procedures is locating the focal region(s)of spermatogenesis,and harvesting the sperm for assisted reproduction.This review article explores the surgical management of men with NOA and describes all techniques that can be used for testicular sperm retrieval.A PubMed search was conducted using the key words:“sperm extraction”,“NOA”,“testicular FNA”,“testicular mapping”,“TESE”,and“testicular biopsy”.All articles were reviewed.Articles were included if they provided data on sperm retrieval rates.The methods for performing sperm retrieval rates and outcomes of the various techniques are outlined.Micro-TESE has a higher sperm retrieval rates with fewer postoperative complications and negative effects on testicular function compared with conventional TESE.展开更多
Dear editor,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,has been associated with hypogonadism in patients with acute infection[1...Dear editor,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,has been associated with hypogonadism in patients with acute infection[1].Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor is regarded as the viral binding site that facilitates entry into host cells[2].Therefore,cells that express ACE2,such as spermatogonia,Leydig,and Sertoli cells,may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection[2].Testicular damage may possibly be caused directly by viral invasion or secondary to the generalized inflammatory response to COVID-19[3].Studies have demonstrated that viral shedding in the semen can take place during the recovery phase,even though SARS-CoV-2 is not present in the semen of all men with COVID-19[1,4].Herein,we describe the first case report of a male with longitudinal follow-up who experienced reversible cryptozoospermia after COVID-19.展开更多
文摘The last 20 years have produced developments in the treatment for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA)who were once considered to be infertile.The combination of intracytoplasmic sperm injection together with various testicular sperm retrieval techniques,including conventional testicular sperm extraction(TESE),microdissection TESE(micro-TESE)and fine needle aspiration(FNA),have revolutionized treatment for these men.In men with NOA,isolated regions of spermatogenesis within the testis are common.The goal for all types of sperm retrieval procedures is locating the focal region(s)of spermatogenesis,and harvesting the sperm for assisted reproduction.This review article explores the surgical management of men with NOA and describes all techniques that can be used for testicular sperm retrieval.A PubMed search was conducted using the key words:“sperm extraction”,“NOA”,“testicular FNA”,“testicular mapping”,“TESE”,and“testicular biopsy”.All articles were reviewed.Articles were included if they provided data on sperm retrieval rates.The methods for performing sperm retrieval rates and outcomes of the various techniques are outlined.Micro-TESE has a higher sperm retrieval rates with fewer postoperative complications and negative effects on testicular function compared with conventional TESE.
文摘Dear editor,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,has been associated with hypogonadism in patients with acute infection[1].Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor is regarded as the viral binding site that facilitates entry into host cells[2].Therefore,cells that express ACE2,such as spermatogonia,Leydig,and Sertoli cells,may be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection[2].Testicular damage may possibly be caused directly by viral invasion or secondary to the generalized inflammatory response to COVID-19[3].Studies have demonstrated that viral shedding in the semen can take place during the recovery phase,even though SARS-CoV-2 is not present in the semen of all men with COVID-19[1,4].Herein,we describe the first case report of a male with longitudinal follow-up who experienced reversible cryptozoospermia after COVID-19.
