Nostoc commune Vauch. polysaccharide alleviates Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity by changing gut bacteriome, mycobiome, and metabolome

This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses and modulated key indicators of antioxidant capacity.Moreover,the down-regulation of critical proteins of the Nrf2 pathway induced by Pb could be reversed after NCVP intervention.In addition,NCVP maintained the diversity of gut bacteriobiota and restored the relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceae,g_Alloprevotella,and f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group reduced by Pb.Also,NCVP regulated the diversity and abundance of gut mycobiota affected by Pb.Specifically,Pb decreased the proportion of pathogenic species(g_Fusarium,p_Basidiomycota,g_Alternaria,g_Aspergillus,and g_Candida)while NCVP increased the abundance of probiotics species(g_Kazachstania and p_Ascomycota).Furthermore,the metabolomic analysis found that NCVP significantly altered a range of microbial metabolites,including porphobilinogen,cromakalim,salidroside,and trichostatin A,which has significant associations with specific gut bacteriobiota or mycobiota.These altered metabolites are involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis,metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,lysine degradation,and other metabolic pathways.Overall,our findings indicate that NCVP might be an excellent natural product for eliminating Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity,possibly by regulating gut bacteriome,mycobiome and metabolome.

Analysis of vascular thrombus and clinicopathological factors in prognosis of gastric cancer:A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,and its prognosis is closely related to many factors.In recent years,the incidence of vascular thrombosis in patients with GC has gradually attracted increasing attention,and studies have shown that it may have a significant impact on the survival rate and prognosis of patients.However,the specific mechanism underlying the association between vascular thrombosis and the prognosis of patients with GC remains unclear.AIM To analyze the relationships between vascular cancer support and other clinicopathological factors and their influence on the prognosis of patients with GC.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 621 patients with GC and divided them into a positive group and a negative group according to the presence or absence of a vascular thrombus.The difference in the 5-year cumulative survival rate between the two groups was compared,and the relationships between vascular cancer thrombus and other clinicopathological factors and their influence on the prognosis of patients with GC were analyzed.RESULTS Among 621 patients with GC,the incidence of vascular thrombi was 31.7%(197 patients).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the degree of tumor differentiation,depth of invasion,and extent of lymph node metastasis were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of vascular thrombi in GC patients(P<0.01).The trend of the χ^(2) test showed that the degree of differentiation,depth of invasion,and extent of lymph node metastasis were linearly correlated with the percentage of vascular thrombi in GC patients(P<0.01),and the correlation between lymph node metastasis and vascular thrombi was more significant(r=0.387).Univariate analysis revealed that the 5-year cumulative survival rate of the positive group was significantly lower than that of the negative group(46.7%vs 73.3%,P<0.01).Multivariate analysis revealed that age,tumor diameter,TNM stage,and vascular thrombus were independent risk factors for the prognosis of GC patients(all P<0.05).Further stratified analysis revealed that the 5-year cumulative survival rate of stage Ⅲ GC patients in the thrombolase-positive group was significantly lower than that in the thrombolase-negative group(36.1%vs 51.4%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Vascular cancer status is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients with GC.The combination of vascular cancer suppositories and TNM staging can better judge the prognosis of patients with GC and guide more reasonable treatment.

The effect of an early oral stimulation program on oral feeding of preterm infants

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of an oral stimulation program on preterm infants.Methods:Preterm infants(n=72)were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.Controls(n=36)received routine care while the experimental group(n=36)received oral stimulation in addition to routine care.Postmenstrual age,total intake volume,body weight,the transition time from initiation of oral feeding to full oral feeding and feeding efficiency were calculated.Results:Postmenstrual age and full oral feeding weight were significantly lower in the experimental group(p<0.05).The time from initiation of oral feeding to full oral feeding was significantly shorter in the experimental group(p<0.05)while feeding efficiency was higher in the experimental group(p<0.05)compared to controls.No significant differences existed in hospital stay length or weight gain rate.Conclusions:An early oral stimulation program is beneficial in preterm infants.

仔猪无氧化锌生产方案

锌是维持动物生长和确保其健康的最重要的营养物质之一,但目前各国对氧化锌使用的规定和限制越来越多。以螯合微量矿物质形式出现的有机锌产品可以替代猪饲料中的氧化锌,能确保动物具有与其采食氧化锌时相同的生长性能。

MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPPATION OF PYRIMIDINE AND PURINE DERIVATIVES

The retention behaviours of 12 purine and pyrimidine derivatives thymine,uracil,cytosine,adenine,guanine,xanthine,hypoxanthine, purine, 4,6 diaminopyrimidine,tpeophylline,trimethoprimum and 6 (benzylamino)purine, have been studied by micellar electrokinetic capillary chro-matography(MECC). 10 out of 12 analytes were separated by using 40 mmol/Lsodium dodecyl sulfate 10 mmol/L borax 17%methanol 3.0 mmol/Lβ- cyclodextrin (pH 9.30) as electrolyte.The relative standard deviations (RSD) of tR and UV absothance were less than 1.8% and 6.5%(n=6), respectively.

Anodal Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Over the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Influences Emotional Face Perception

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） is considered to play a crucial role in many high-level functions, such as cognitive control and emotional regula- tion. Many studies have reported that the DLPFC can be activated during the processing of emotional information in tasks requiring working memory. However, it is still not clear whether modulating the activity of the DLPFC influences emotional perception in a detection task. In the present study, using transcranial direct-current stimulation （tDCS）, we investigated （I） whether modulating the right DLPFC influences emotional face processing in a detection task, and （2） whether the DLPFC plays equal roles in processing positive and negative emotional faces. The results showed that anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC specifically facilitated the perception of positive faces, but did not influence the processing of negative faces. In addition, anodal tDCS over the right primary visual cortex enhanced performance in the detection task regardless of emotional valence. Our findings suggest, for the first time,that modulating the right DLPFC influences emotional face perception, especially faces showing positive emotion.

Multi-objective optimization of different dome reinforcement methods for composite cases

A multi-objective optimization method was proposed for different dome reinforcement methods of a filament-wound solid rocket motor composite case based on a Radial Basis Function(RBF)model.Progressive damage of the composite case was considered in a simulation based on Hashin failure criteria,and simulation results were validated by hydraulic burst tests to precisely predict the failure mode,failure position,and burst pressure.An RBF surrogate model was estab-lished and evaluated by Relative Average Absolute Error(RAAE),Relative Maximum Absolute Error(RMAE),Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE),and R^(2)methods to improve the optimization efficient of dome reinforcement.In addition,the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II)was employed to establish multi-objective optimization models of variable-angle and variable-polar-radius dome reinforcements to investigate the coupling effect of the reinforcement angle,reinforcement layers,and reinforcement range on the case performance.Optimal reinforce-ment parameters were obtained and used to establish a progressive damage model of the composite case with dome reinforcement.In accordance with progressive damage analysis,the burst pressure and performance factor were obtained.Results illustrated that variable-angle dome reinforcement was the optimal reinforcement method compared with variable-polar-radius dome reinforcement as it could not only ensure the reinforcement angle’s continuous changing but also decrease the mass of composite materials.Compared with the unreinforced case,the reinforced case exhibited an increase in the burst pressure and performance factor of 36.1%and 23.5%,respectively.

Cross-neutralization and cross-protection among SARS-CoV-2 viruses bearing different variant spikes

Dear Editor The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 mandates a better under-standing of cross-neutralization and cross-protection among variants.Such information is essential to guide vaccine strategy and public policy.To examine the cross-protection among different variant spikes,we initially prepared four chimeric SARS-CoV-2 viruses(Fig.1a),each bearing the spike gene from Alpha,Beta,Gamma,or Epsilon in the backbone of USA-WA1/2020[isolated in January 2020 and defned as wild-type(WT)].

Amorphous MnO2 as Cathode Material for Sodium-ion Batteries

Amorphous MnO2 has been prepared from the reduction of KMnO4 in ethanol media by a facile one-step wet chemical route at room temperature. The electrochemical properties of amorphous MnO2 as cathode material in sodium-ion batteries （SIBs） are studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge testing. And the structure and morphologies of amorphous MnO2 are investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and Raman spectra. The results reveal that as-synthesized amorphous MnO2 electrode material exhibits a spherical morphology with a diameter between 20 and 60 nm. The first specific discharge capacity of the amorphous MnO2 electrode is 123.2 mAh-g 1 and remains 136.8 mAh·g^-1 after 100 cycles at the current rate of 0.1 C. The specific discharge capacity of amorphous MnO2 is maintained at 139.2, 120.4, 89, 68 and 47 mAh·g^-1 at the current rate of 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1 C and 2 C, respectively. The results indicate that amorphous MnO2 has great potential as a promising cathode material for SIBs.

Impact of short-term organic amendments incorporation on soil structure and hydrology in semiarid agricultural lands

Soil structure plays an important role in edaphic conditions and the environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic amendment on soil structure and hydraulic properties. A corn field in a semiarid land was separately amended with sheep manure compost at five different rates (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t/ha) and corn stover (6 t/ha) in combination with two decomposing agents. The soil structure of different amended soils was analyzed from the aggregate and pore domain perspectives. The internal pore structure of the soil was visualized through X-ray computed tomography and quantified using a pore-network model. Soil aggregate-size distribution and stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and water-retention curves were measured by sampling or in situ. The gas permeability and diffusivity of different amended soils were simulated based on the extracted pore networks. The aggregate stability of the amended soils was improved compared with the control, that is, the mean weight diameter increased and the percentage of aggregate destruction decreased. The stability of soil aggregates varied non-monotonically with the application rate of compost and decreased after treatment with corn stover and decomposing agents. The pore-network parameters including air-filled porosity, pore radius, throat length, and coordinate number increased for the amended soils compared with the control. The mean pore size increased with increasing compost incorporation rate. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the compost-amended soils was higher than that of the control but varied quadratically with the application rate. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil treated with corn stover and decomposing agents was clearly higher than that without the agent and the control. The greater gas diffusivity and air permeability indicate that soil aeration improved following the incorporation of organic amendments. The air permeability versus air-filled porosity relationship followed a power law, and the gas diffusivity versus air-filled porosity relationship was characterized by a generalized density-corrected model regardless of amendment. The findings of this study can help improve the understanding of soil structure and hydrological function to organic fertilizer incorporation and further monitor the quality of soil structure through the pore space perspective.

Local deformation and processing maps of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo alloy

The processing maps were used to identify the optimal forging parameters of Ti-24A1- 17Nb-0.5Mo alloy by evaluating the flow data according to the DMM model. The actual local strain rate and strain distribution in the samples were obtained by finite element calculations. The local microstructures of the deformed samples were related to the local deformation parameters and correlated with the processing maps at 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 of logarithmic strain. Flow regimes predicted by DMM analysis were then correlated with the local microstructural observations. Five domains of efficient coefficient could be distinguished. Unstable regions were microstructurally related to shear band formation within the （~2~B2 phase deformation field, and to flow localiza- tion at grain boundaries of B2 phase in the near B2 phase deformation field. Stable flow regimes were shown to be associated with dynamic globularization of the plate- like a2 in the a2＋B2 phase deformation zone, and with dynamic recrystallization of B2 in the near B2 phase deformation zone.

ABA TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS WITH PENDANT HYDROXYL GROUPS PREPARED BY CONTROLLED CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION AND THEIR USE AS DELIVERY CARRIER FOR PACLITAXEL

To improve the hydrophilicity ofpoly（styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene） （SIBS）, this study focuses on the synthesis of novel functional ABA triblock copolymer thermoplastic elastomers （TPEs） with polyisobutylene （PIB） as rubbery segments. The precursor poly{（styrene-co-4-[2-（tert-butyldimethylsiloxy） ethyl]styrene）-b-isobutylene-b-（styrene-co-4-[2- （tert-butyldimethylsiloxy）ethyl]styrene）}（P（St-co-TBDMES）-PIB-P（St-co-TBDMES）） triblock copolymer was first synthesized by living sequential cationic copolymerization of isobutylene （IB） with styrene （St） and 4-[2-（tert- butyldimethylsiloxy）ethyl]styrene （TBDMES） using 1,4-di（2-chloro-2-propyl）benzene （DiCumC1）/titanium tetrachloride （TiCla）/2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine （DtBP） as the initiating system. Then, P（St-co-TBDMES）-PIB-P（St-co-TBDMES） was hydrolyzed in the presence of tetra-butylammonium fluoride to yield poly{[styrene-co-4-（2-hydroxyethyl）styrene]-b- isobutylene-b-[styrene-co-4-（2-hydroxyethyl）styrene]} （P（St-co-HOES）-PIB-P（St-co-HOES）） with pendant hydroxyl groups. P（St-co-HOES）-PIB-P（St-co-HOES） used as the paclitaxel carrier was also investigated in this study. Comparing with SIBS, P（St-co-HOES）-PIB-P（St-co-HOES） has exhibited better compatibility with paclitaxel and higher release rate.

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of the rural settlements in the mountain-plain transitional zone

Identifying the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of rural settlements and their driving factors is of great significance to layout optimization of rural settlements,intensive and economical use of rural land,and preparation of land space planning.Focusing on the mountain-plain transitional zone of Dujiangyan City,China,as the study area,this paper employs methods including landscape pattern index,kernel density estimation,average nearest neighbor index,and Geodetector to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal layout evolution characteristics of rural settlements and relevant driving factors in Dujiangyan City over the last decade.The four main findings are as follows.First,land use area of rural settlements and the quantity of patches in Dujiangyan exhibited synchronous changes during 2005-2015.Total class area(CA)increased from 6161.43 to 7265.43 hm^(2),then declined to 7043.01 hm^(2),and the number of patches(NP)increased from 16543 to 26018,and then declined to 25890.Second,the maximum kernel density estimation values in the east and southeast of Dujiangyan City increased remarkably from 48.34 to 74.69 per hm^(2) during 2005-2010.Third,the average nearest neighbor index of rural settlements continually decreased in the foregoing 10 years,indicating a higher concentration of rural settlements.Finally,production and living conditions are the main driving factors of dynamic change in land use in rural settlements,while the impact of socio-economic factors is relatively smaller.Among others,the p-value of road accessibility is 0.057,and the impact p-value of land slope is 0.035.

Function and Cryo-EM structures of broadly potent bispecific antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages

Dear Editor,SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves during the pandemic1 with many variants of concern(VoCs)lineages(Supplementary Fig.S1a).Omicron(B.1.1.529)and its sub-lineages led to multiple infection waves globally.2 Omicron subvariants harbored a high number of mutations,especially in the spike(S)glycoprotein,and clustered in the receptor-binding domain(RBD)(Supplementary Fig.S1b,c;Supplemental Discussion).These subvariants drastically decrease the efficacy of current vaccinations and monoclonal antibody therapies.

MZF1(Myeloid Zinc Finger 1)activates transcriptional activity of p53 and suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation via acetyltransferase PCAF(P300/CBP associated factor)

p53 is an important tumor suppressor gene.The p53 pathway is activated in response to cellular stress stimulation.However,in more than 50%of breast cancers,p53 is mutated or inactivated,which permits cancer growth.1 Although a large number of co-regulators of p53 have been identified,the integrated molecular network of p53 and the key co-factors that could transactivate p53 remain unclear.2 Myeloid Zinc Finger 1(MZF1),a member of the SCAN-ZFP(SCAN-Zinc finger protein)family,has been involved in the occurrence and development of various types of malignant tumors,including breast cancer.3 However,the exact mechanism of action remains unclear.Our study aims to investigate the cross-regulatory loop between MZF1 and p53 in breast cancer cells.

Historical Origin,Practical Approach,and Enlightenment of Transcultural Education in German Universities

Purpose:This study analyzed the developmental history and specific practical approaches of transcultural education in German universities and summarized its experiences to provide mean-ingful suggestions for transcultural education in Chinese universities.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the historical ori-gins and practical approaches to transcultural education in German universities through policy interpretation and caseanalysis.Findings:Since the beginning of the twenty-first century,German universities have effectively promoted integration and communication among communities with diverse cultural backgrounds through various forms and types of transcultural education.They launched curricula and lecture models characterized by university styles,fostering the integration and solidarity of individuals frommulticultural backgrounds.Originality/Value:It is of immediate significance for both the theoretical understanding and practical exploration of transcultural education with Chinese characteristics to conduct a systemic analysis of the specific practical approach of transcultural education in German universities.