强采动巷道断顶卸压稳定性控制机理及应用

为解决强采动条件下巷道大变形难题,以新上海一号矿1806N工作面辅运顺槽为工程背景,采用实地勘探、理论分析、数值模拟的方法分析强采动巷道变形破坏原因及围岩大变形机理,提出相应的控制对策进行现场工业性试验。研究发现:1806N工作面辅运顺槽大变形主要影响因素为岩石强度低、节理裂隙发育、完整性差、顶板富水严重、围岩遇水泥化,强采动高集中应力。基于围岩大变形断顶控制机理,形成辅运顺槽深部爆破定向预裂断顶结合补强加固的设计方案。借助数值模拟对断顶及未断顶巷道应力变化规律进行对比分析,断顶巷道端头最大垂直应力14.6 MPa,断顶后巷道端头最大垂直应力12.5 MPa,断顶后端头处垂直应力减小14%,断顶具有一定切断应力传递及减小巷道收缩的效果。开展现场工业性试验,断顶后端头顶底板位移减小37%,两帮变形减小19%,底臌发育长度减小92%,结果表明断顶可有效减少端头巷道变形以及超前底臌发育长度和高度,可为相似工程地质条件巷道建设提供参考。

万福矿深埋大断面T型交叉点高预应力NPR支护机制及应用

为解决深部大断面软岩巷道交叉点大变形问题,以万福煤矿千米深井巷道交叉点为工程实例,首次在巷道支护中运用微观负泊松比(negative Poisson’s ration,NPR)钢锚索。采用室内试验、理论分析、数值模拟及现场试验相结合的方法,分析了深埋巷道交叉点的围岩变形机制,提出了以微观NPR钢锚索为核心的控制对策。通过室内静力拉伸试验对微观NPR钢锚索的力学特性进行研究,结果表明,微观NPR钢锚索拉伸全过程表现为高恒阻,均匀拉伸,无屈服平台,破断时无明显颈缩现象。通过理论推导,基于T型巷道交叉点围岩最大影响范围,建立微观NPR钢锚索支护T型巷道交叉口最大影响范围计算模型。通过数值模拟,再现T型巷道交叉口的破坏演化过程,分析对比普通支护/微观NPR钢锚索支护效果。现场开展支护应用试验与监测,验证了长短微观NPR钢锚索联合支护对策具有良好的交叉口围岩大变形控制效果,为交叉口围岩安全稳定控制提供了新支护材料和支护手段。

Failure mechanism and control countermeasures of surrounding rock at deep large section chamber intersection in the Wanfu Coal Mine

In order to solve the problem of large deformation at the intersection of deep large section soft rock roadway,this paper takes the intersection of kilometer-deep roadway in the Wanfu Coal Mine as an engineering example and applies Negative Poisson’s Ratio(NPR)steel anchor cable in roadway support for the first time.By combining numerical simulation indoor test,theoretical analysis and field test,the deformation mechanism of surrounding rock at the intersection of deep-buried roadway was analyzed,and the control strategy with micro NPR steel anchor cable as the core was put forward.Through numerical simulation,the numerical analysis model of roadway intersection with different intersection angles and excavation sequence was constructed,and the impact of two key variables of rake angle and excavation sequence on the stability of surrounding rock at roadway intersection was studied.The optimal dip angle is 90°and the optimal excavation sequence was determined as pump house-pump house passage-substation.The mechanical properties of the micro-NPR steel anchor cable were studied through the static tensile test in the laboratory.The results showed that the micro-NPR steel anchor cable showed high constant resistance,uniform tensile,no yield platform,and no obvious necking phenomenon during breaking.Through theoretical derivation,it was calculated that the vertical stress of roadway intersection is 45 MPa,and the bearing capacity of superposed arch composed of micro NPR steel anchor cable is 1257 kN,which is enough to guarantee the overall stability of intersection.Support application test and monitoring were carried out on site,and it was verified that the combined support strategy of short and long micro NPR steel anchor cable has a good control effect on large deformation of surrounding rock at intersection,which provides a new support material and support means for the safety and stabilization control of surrounding rock at intersection.

深部开采软岩巷道耦合支护数值模拟研究

煤矿软岩巷道工程支护,尤其是深部高应力软岩巷道支护,一直是矿业工程难点问题之一。为了解决深部煤矿软岩巷道易变形,支护难度大等问题,通过对深部煤矿开采软岩巷道的变形破坏机理的研究结合现场施工情况,借助数值模拟软件FLAC3D模拟巷道无支护以及锚杆锚索锚网砌碹联合支护巷道变形破坏情况,得出在锚杆锚索锚网砌碹联合支护的作用下巷道顶底板以及两帮的变形量明显变小,可以很好地控制软岩巷道的变形。结果表明:锚杆锚索锚网砌碹联合支护对于解决煤矿软岩巷道支护具有良好的效果。