为探讨水稻叶绿体发育的分子机制,通过对粳稻日本晴进行甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变,获得一个稳定遗传的叶色白化突变体wrg20(white turn green 20),并对其进行表型鉴定、基因定位和功能分析。与野生型(WT)相比,该突变体于30℃培养时在三叶...为探讨水稻叶绿体发育的分子机制,通过对粳稻日本晴进行甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变,获得一个稳定遗传的叶色白化突变体wrg20(white turn green 20),并对其进行表型鉴定、基因定位和功能分析。与野生型(WT)相比,该突变体于30℃培养时在三叶期之前完全白化,26℃时突变体白化叶片部分返绿。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状受单隐性核基因控制。将该突变体与籼稻93-11杂交,构建F2分离群体并进行基因定位,将该基因定位于2号染色体198 kb区间内,通过测序发现LOC_Os02g33610存在由G至A单碱基替换,导致编码的天冬氨酸转化为天冬酰胺,表明该基因可能为OsWRG20的候选基因,与先前所报道的调控叶绿体发育的基因GRY79为等位基因。对该基因进行结构和功能分析,表明OsWRG20可能是调控水稻苗期幼叶生长发育的重要基因。与野生型相比,突变体的叶绿体基因内含子剪接效率降低,由此推断OsWRG20可能通过调控叶绿体RNA的剪接,参与调控水稻苗期叶绿体的发育。本研究结果为苗期水稻叶绿体发育研究提供了新的理论基础。展开更多
目的:该研究利用CiteSpace分析软件,总结2002-2022年采用中药治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的研究热点,预测今后的发展趋势。方法:计算机检索Web of Science(WOS)、中国知网(CNKI)中2002年1月1日至2022年7月31日收录的该研究相关文献并运用文献...目的:该研究利用CiteSpace分析软件,总结2002-2022年采用中药治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的研究热点,预测今后的发展趋势。方法:计算机检索Web of Science(WOS)、中国知网(CNKI)中2002年1月1日至2022年7月31日收录的该研究相关文献并运用文献计量学软件CiteSpace 5.8.R3对作者、期刊、机构、关键词等进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入1389篇文献,其中英文文献708篇,中文文献681篇。分析知识图谱可知,周忠光、WANG Q分别是发表中文和英文文献量最多的作者。黑龙江中医药大学(37篇)和Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院,30篇)分别是中、英文文献发文量最多的机构。中文文献主要发表在《中华中医药学刊》《中国临床康复》《中国老年学杂志》等杂志,英文文献主要发表在《Journal of Ethnopharmacology》《Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine》《Frontiers in Pharmacology》《Molecules》《Neural Regeneration Research》等杂志。资助基金最高的为国家自然科学基金,分别资助中文文献211篇,英文文献286篇。关键词分析显示,研究内容主要集中在中药及复方疗效评价、药针结合治疗、高风险基础疾病调控、肠道菌群、网络药理学等。结论:探究中药及复方治疗AD的潜在作用机制、挖掘临床用药规律及AD相关肠道菌群研究等是未来的主要研究趋势。目前中药治疗AD存在临床转化成果极少,研究未能体现中药治疗特点,多种中药未进行深入研究,国际认可度不高等问题。展开更多
通用大语言模型(large language model,LLM)缺乏对专业领域知识理解的深度和广度,对专业领域问题回答的准确度不够,常常产生幻觉,阻碍了大语言模型的商业应用落地。因此,基于专业领域特有数据提高大型语言模型的专业性成为当前大语言模...通用大语言模型(large language model,LLM)缺乏对专业领域知识理解的深度和广度,对专业领域问题回答的准确度不够,常常产生幻觉,阻碍了大语言模型的商业应用落地。因此,基于专业领域特有数据提高大型语言模型的专业性成为当前大语言模型应用落地的关键挑战。针对通用大语言模型在特定领域知识理解与生成内容专业性不够的问题进行了研究。基于P-Tuning v2与Freeze两种参数高效微调方法,提出了一种专业级大语言模型的两阶段微调框架。依赖该框架与肝胆科临床数据对ChatGLM-6B进行微调,得到一个针对肝胆专科的专业级大语言模型,命名为MedGLM.H。根据实验显示,微调后的大语言模型对于肝胆专科问题的准确率从31%提升到了62%;得分率从57%提升到了73%。在进行两阶段微调后,模型在肝胆专科的问答中表现出更高的准确性与专业性,根据三名临床医生进行的对话实验,证明了微调后的模型在更专业的医疗场景中具备应用潜力。展开更多
Reasonable nitrogen(N) application is a promising strategy for reducing crop cadmium(Cd) toxicity. However, the specific form of N and the required amount that affect Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice remain uncle...Reasonable nitrogen(N) application is a promising strategy for reducing crop cadmium(Cd) toxicity. However, the specific form of N and the required amount that affect Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice remain unclear. This study explored the influence of different N-fertilizer forms(NH_(4)NO_(3), NH_4Cl, and KNO_(3)) and dosages on Cd tolerance and uptake in Cd-stressed N-sensitive and N-insensitive indica rice accessions. The results indicated that the Cd tolerance of N-sensitive indica accessions is more robust than that of N-insensitive ones. Furthermore, the shoot Cd content and Cd translocation rate in both N-sensitive and N-insensitive indica accessions decreased with an appropriate supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl, whereas they were comparable or slightly increased with increased KNO_(3). Unfortunately, we did not find significant and regular differences in Cd accumulation or translocation between N-sensitive and N-insensitive rice accessions. Consistent with the reduction of shoot Cd content, the addition of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl also inhibited the instantaneous root Cd^(2+) uptake. The expression changes of Cd transport-related genes under different N forms and dosages suggested that the decreased shoot Cd content, caused by the increased supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl, is likely achieved by reducing the transcription of OsNRAMP1 and OsIRT1. In summary, our findings reveal that an appropriate supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl could reduce Cd uptake and transport in rice seedlings, suggesting that rational N management could reduce the Cd risk in rice production.展开更多
The morphological development of rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaves is closely related to plant architecture,physiological activities,and resistance.However,it is unclear whether there is a co-regulatory relationship between...The morphological development of rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaves is closely related to plant architecture,physiological activities,and resistance.However,it is unclear whether there is a co-regulatory relationship between the morphological development of leaves and adaptation to drought environment.In this study,a drought-sensitive,roll-enhanced,and narrow-leaf mutant(renl1)was induced from a semi-rolled leaf mutant(srl1)by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS),which was obtained from Nipponbare(NPB)through EMS.Map-based cloning and functional validation showed that RENL1 encodes a cellulose synthase,allelic to NRL1/OsCLSD4.The RENL1 mutation resulted in reduced vascular bundles,vesicular cells,cellulose,and hemicellulose contents in cell walls,diminishing the water-holding capacity of leaves.In addition,the root system of the renl1 mutant was poorly developed and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)was decreased,leading to an increase in ROS after drought stress.Meanwhile,genetic results showed that RENL1 and SRL1 synergistically regulated cell wall components.Our results revealed a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of cellulose on rice drought tolerance,and provided a new genetic resource for enhancing the synergistic regulation network of plant type and stress resistance,thereby realizing simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in rice.展开更多
How to balance rice resistance and yield is an important issue in rice breeding.Plants with mutated necrotic lesion genes often have persistent broad-spectrum resistance,but this broad-spectrum resistance usually come...How to balance rice resistance and yield is an important issue in rice breeding.Plants with mutated necrotic lesion genes often have persistent broad-spectrum resistance,but this broad-spectrum resistance usually comes at the expense of yield.Currently,many necrotic lesion mutants in rice have been identified,and these genes are involved in disease resistance pathways.This review provides a detailed introduction to the characteristics,classification,and molecular mechanisms of necrotic lesion formation.Additionally,we review the molecular regulatory pathways of genes involved in rice disease resistance.Concurrently,we summarize the relationship between resistance and yield in rice using newly developed gene editing methods.We discuss a rational and precise breeding strategy to better utilize molecular design technology for breeding disease-resistant and high-yield rice varieties.展开更多
The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in ...The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in rice are far from established.Here,we isolated rice gene,AGL1 that controlled grain size and determines the fate of the sterile lemma.Loss of function of AGL1 produced larger grains and reduced the size of the sterile lemma.Larger grains in the agl1 mutant were caused by a larger number of cells that were longer and wider than in the wild type.The sterile lemma in the mutant spikelet was converted to a rudimentary glume-like organ.Our findings showed that the AGL1(also named LAX1)protein positively regulated G1 expression,and negatively regulated NSG1 expression,thereby affecting the fate of the sterile lemma.Taken together,our results revealed that AGL1 played a key role in negative regulation of grain size by controlling cell proliferation and expansion,and supported the opinion that rudimentary glume and sterile lemma in rice are homologous organs.展开更多
文摘为探讨水稻叶绿体发育的分子机制,通过对粳稻日本晴进行甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变,获得一个稳定遗传的叶色白化突变体wrg20(white turn green 20),并对其进行表型鉴定、基因定位和功能分析。与野生型(WT)相比,该突变体于30℃培养时在三叶期之前完全白化,26℃时突变体白化叶片部分返绿。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状受单隐性核基因控制。将该突变体与籼稻93-11杂交,构建F2分离群体并进行基因定位,将该基因定位于2号染色体198 kb区间内,通过测序发现LOC_Os02g33610存在由G至A单碱基替换,导致编码的天冬氨酸转化为天冬酰胺,表明该基因可能为OsWRG20的候选基因,与先前所报道的调控叶绿体发育的基因GRY79为等位基因。对该基因进行结构和功能分析,表明OsWRG20可能是调控水稻苗期幼叶生长发育的重要基因。与野生型相比,突变体的叶绿体基因内含子剪接效率降低,由此推断OsWRG20可能通过调控叶绿体RNA的剪接,参与调控水稻苗期叶绿体的发育。本研究结果为苗期水稻叶绿体发育研究提供了新的理论基础。
文摘目的:该研究利用CiteSpace分析软件,总结2002-2022年采用中药治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的研究热点,预测今后的发展趋势。方法:计算机检索Web of Science(WOS)、中国知网(CNKI)中2002年1月1日至2022年7月31日收录的该研究相关文献并运用文献计量学软件CiteSpace 5.8.R3对作者、期刊、机构、关键词等进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入1389篇文献,其中英文文献708篇,中文文献681篇。分析知识图谱可知,周忠光、WANG Q分别是发表中文和英文文献量最多的作者。黑龙江中医药大学(37篇)和Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院,30篇)分别是中、英文文献发文量最多的机构。中文文献主要发表在《中华中医药学刊》《中国临床康复》《中国老年学杂志》等杂志,英文文献主要发表在《Journal of Ethnopharmacology》《Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine》《Frontiers in Pharmacology》《Molecules》《Neural Regeneration Research》等杂志。资助基金最高的为国家自然科学基金,分别资助中文文献211篇,英文文献286篇。关键词分析显示,研究内容主要集中在中药及复方疗效评价、药针结合治疗、高风险基础疾病调控、肠道菌群、网络药理学等。结论:探究中药及复方治疗AD的潜在作用机制、挖掘临床用药规律及AD相关肠道菌群研究等是未来的主要研究趋势。目前中药治疗AD存在临床转化成果极少,研究未能体现中药治疗特点,多种中药未进行深入研究,国际认可度不高等问题。
文摘通用大语言模型(large language model,LLM)缺乏对专业领域知识理解的深度和广度,对专业领域问题回答的准确度不够,常常产生幻觉,阻碍了大语言模型的商业应用落地。因此,基于专业领域特有数据提高大型语言模型的专业性成为当前大语言模型应用落地的关键挑战。针对通用大语言模型在特定领域知识理解与生成内容专业性不够的问题进行了研究。基于P-Tuning v2与Freeze两种参数高效微调方法,提出了一种专业级大语言模型的两阶段微调框架。依赖该框架与肝胆科临床数据对ChatGLM-6B进行微调,得到一个针对肝胆专科的专业级大语言模型,命名为MedGLM.H。根据实验显示,微调后的大语言模型对于肝胆专科问题的准确率从31%提升到了62%;得分率从57%提升到了73%。在进行两阶段微调后,模型在肝胆专科的问答中表现出更高的准确性与专业性,根据三名临床医生进行的对话实验,证明了微调后的模型在更专业的医疗场景中具备应用潜力。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31971872)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, China (Grant No.2022KF02)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32101755 and 32188102)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No.LY22C130005)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No.2021C02056)the ‘Pioneer’ and ‘Leading Goose’ R&D Program of Zhejiang, China (Grant No.2023C02014)。
文摘Reasonable nitrogen(N) application is a promising strategy for reducing crop cadmium(Cd) toxicity. However, the specific form of N and the required amount that affect Cd tolerance and accumulation in rice remain unclear. This study explored the influence of different N-fertilizer forms(NH_(4)NO_(3), NH_4Cl, and KNO_(3)) and dosages on Cd tolerance and uptake in Cd-stressed N-sensitive and N-insensitive indica rice accessions. The results indicated that the Cd tolerance of N-sensitive indica accessions is more robust than that of N-insensitive ones. Furthermore, the shoot Cd content and Cd translocation rate in both N-sensitive and N-insensitive indica accessions decreased with an appropriate supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl, whereas they were comparable or slightly increased with increased KNO_(3). Unfortunately, we did not find significant and regular differences in Cd accumulation or translocation between N-sensitive and N-insensitive rice accessions. Consistent with the reduction of shoot Cd content, the addition of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl also inhibited the instantaneous root Cd^(2+) uptake. The expression changes of Cd transport-related genes under different N forms and dosages suggested that the decreased shoot Cd content, caused by the increased supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl, is likely achieved by reducing the transcription of OsNRAMP1 and OsIRT1. In summary, our findings reveal that an appropriate supply of NH_(4)NO_(3) and NH_4Cl could reduce Cd uptake and transport in rice seedlings, suggesting that rational N management could reduce the Cd risk in rice production.
基金supported by the Nanfan Special Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Grant No. ZDXM2315)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 32372125, 31861143006, and 32188102)+2 种基金Special Support Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Grant NO. NKYCLJ-C-2021-015)Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province2023 College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jiangxi Agricultural University, China (Grant No. S202310410095)
文摘The morphological development of rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaves is closely related to plant architecture,physiological activities,and resistance.However,it is unclear whether there is a co-regulatory relationship between the morphological development of leaves and adaptation to drought environment.In this study,a drought-sensitive,roll-enhanced,and narrow-leaf mutant(renl1)was induced from a semi-rolled leaf mutant(srl1)by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS),which was obtained from Nipponbare(NPB)through EMS.Map-based cloning and functional validation showed that RENL1 encodes a cellulose synthase,allelic to NRL1/OsCLSD4.The RENL1 mutation resulted in reduced vascular bundles,vesicular cells,cellulose,and hemicellulose contents in cell walls,diminishing the water-holding capacity of leaves.In addition,the root system of the renl1 mutant was poorly developed and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)was decreased,leading to an increase in ROS after drought stress.Meanwhile,genetic results showed that RENL1 and SRL1 synergistically regulated cell wall components.Our results revealed a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of cellulose on rice drought tolerance,and provided a new genetic resource for enhancing the synergistic regulation network of plant type and stress resistance,thereby realizing simultaneous improvement of multiple traits in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31971872,32372118,32071993)the QIAN Qian Academician Workstation,the Specific Research fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.YSPTZX202303)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C02056)。
文摘How to balance rice resistance and yield is an important issue in rice breeding.Plants with mutated necrotic lesion genes often have persistent broad-spectrum resistance,but this broad-spectrum resistance usually comes at the expense of yield.Currently,many necrotic lesion mutants in rice have been identified,and these genes are involved in disease resistance pathways.This review provides a detailed introduction to the characteristics,classification,and molecular mechanisms of necrotic lesion formation.Additionally,we review the molecular regulatory pathways of genes involved in rice disease resistance.Concurrently,we summarize the relationship between resistance and yield in rice using newly developed gene editing methods.We discuss a rational and precise breeding strategy to better utilize molecular design technology for breeding disease-resistant and high-yield rice varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372118,32188102,32071993)the Qian Qian Academician Workstation,Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians in Hainan Province(YSPTZX202303)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C02056)Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory,China(B21HJ0220)。
文摘The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in rice are far from established.Here,we isolated rice gene,AGL1 that controlled grain size and determines the fate of the sterile lemma.Loss of function of AGL1 produced larger grains and reduced the size of the sterile lemma.Larger grains in the agl1 mutant were caused by a larger number of cells that were longer and wider than in the wild type.The sterile lemma in the mutant spikelet was converted to a rudimentary glume-like organ.Our findings showed that the AGL1(also named LAX1)protein positively regulated G1 expression,and negatively regulated NSG1 expression,thereby affecting the fate of the sterile lemma.Taken together,our results revealed that AGL1 played a key role in negative regulation of grain size by controlling cell proliferation and expansion,and supported the opinion that rudimentary glume and sterile lemma in rice are homologous organs.
