基于CFD和响应面法的引射器优化设计

针对质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC)氢气引射器优化研究中优化精度低、忽视多结构耦合作用的问题,采用CFD和响应面法结合优化引射器结构参数。通过单因素仿真试验研究各结构对引射比的影响,在此基础上设计正交试验构建响应面分析多结构参数交互作用。研究结果表明:喷嘴距和等压混合室直径的响应p值小于0.05,存在耦合作用且对引射性能具有显著影响,通过响应面法优化后引射器最大引射比达到3.62,相比于单因素优化结果提升了25.69%并且预测模型误差仅为4.93%。

烫疗药提取工艺及质量标准提升研究

目的:优选烫疗药浸渍提取工艺,提升烫疗药质量标准。方法:以浸渍溶剂浓度、浸渍时间、浸渍温度、原料粉碎度为考察因素,以川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量和醇溶性浸出物为评价指标,通过L9(34)正交试验优选烫疗药最佳浸渍提取工艺;采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对烫疗药中防风、大黄、姜黄进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对川续断皂苷Ⅵ进行定量测定。结果:筛选的最佳浸提工艺为将烫疗药处方饮片粉碎成细粉碎度,以50%的乙醇为溶剂,室温下浸渍5 d;川续断皂苷Ⅵ在19.30715~154.45720μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为102.37%,RSD=1.48%(n=6);定性鉴别中防风、大黄、姜黄斑点清晰,分离效果较好,具有鉴别特征。结论:优选的浸提工艺稳定可行;所建立的质量控制方法稳定性及重现性良好,专属性较强,可作为烫疗药的质量控制依据。

我国核电厂极低放废物的优化管理研究

随着国内放射性废物分类标准的颁布实施,各核电厂运营单位开始关注放射性废物的分类管理。其中,核电厂运行过程中产生的极低水平放射性废物,具有放射性水平低、废物量大的特点,若作为低放废物管理,不仅增加运行成本,占用核电厂废物暂存空间,而且会占用处置场的资源,不利于放射性废物最小化管理。本文分析了国内极低放废物管理现状,结合国际极低放废物管理技术和良好实践,提出我国极低放废物的优化管理建议。

Late Triassic Intracontinental Deformation of South Tianshan,Central Asia:Evidence from Syn-tectonic Sedimentation and Detrital Zircon Provenances of the Kuqa Depression

The Tianshan range,a Paleozoic orogenic belt in Central Asia,has undergone multiple phases of tectonic activities characterized by the N-S compression after the early Mesozoic,including the far-field effects of the Cenozoic Indian-Asian collision.However,there are limited reports on the tectonic deformation and initiation of Triassic intracontinental deformation in the Tianshan range.Understanding this structural context is crucial for interpreting the early intracontinental deformation history of the Eurasian continent during the early Mesozoic.Growth strata and syn-tectonic sediments provide a rich source of information on tectonic activities and have been extensively used in the studies of orogenic belts.Based on detail fieldwork conducted in this study,the middle-late Triassic Kelamayi Formation of the northern Kuqa Depression in the southern Tianshan fold-thrust belt has been identified as the typical syn-tectonic growth strata.The youngest detrital zircon component in two lithic sandstone samples from the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata yielded U-Pb ages of 223.4±3.1 and 215.5±2.9 Ma,respectively,indicating that the maximum depositional age of the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata is 226-220 and 218-212 Ma.The geochronological distribution of detrital samples from the Early-Middle Triassic and Late Triassic revealed abrupt changes,suggesting a new source supply resulting from tectonic activation in the Tianshan range.The coupling relationship between the syn-tectonic sedimentation of the Kelamayi Formation and the South Tianshan fold-thrust system provides robust evidence that the Triassic intracontinental deformation of the South Tianshan range began at approximately 226-220 Ma(during the Late Triassic)and ended at approximately 218-212 Ma.These findings provide crucial constraints for understanding the intraplate deformation in the Tianshan range during the Triassic.

河南沿黄区“以水定地”耕地空间重构研究——基于作物种植视角

科学评估我国典型粮食主产区耕地的潜在水分条件状况,继而“以水定地”实现耕地空间重构布局,对保障国家粮食安全、促进农业高质量发展具有重要现实意义。以河南沿黄的原阳县等6个产粮大县为研究区,从作物种植视角出发,基于耕地及作物分布数据、MODIS数据和长时间序列气象数据,通过构建区域遥感蒸散模型和水分平衡评价模型,精准揭示当地水分平衡状况及耕地利用下水分平衡效应,进而构建多智能体空间优化配置模型来实现耕地作物种植的空间重构。结果表明:(1)沿黄6县耕地面积占土地总面积的比例持续下降,其中2020年冬小麦和夏玉米播种面积分别占耕地总面积的74.75%和48.91%,种植模式以玉米小麦轮作为主,夏玉米单一型耕地分布零散且对应田块规模偏小;(2)地表蒸散量与有效降水量的时空错位引致当地水分平衡状态存在较大差异,全境缺水且水分亏缺量呈东北高、西南低的分布规律,应依据作物水分平衡态势的空间差异进行差别化灌溉管理;(3)耕地空间重构表现出明显的空间尺度性效应,且县域尺度的优化结果优于单一整体尺度,在保障粮食安全前提下,重构后的冬小麦和夏玉米水分亏缺情势均得到一定程度缓解,田块的空间积聚性和连片性更加有利于作物日常灌溉管理。河南沿黄区需大力推行“以水定地”耕地空间重构战略,以缓解耕地用水压力、促进农业可持续发展。

广西天峨主要耕地区农作物中重金属元素富集特征与影响因素

重金属污染制约着农产品安全问题,本文选择广西天峨县为研究切入点,以揭示农作物中重金属元素生态风险情况。系统采集60套水稻和玉米样品以及根系土壤样品,测试Cd、Cr、Hg、As和Pb等5种重金属元素含量,采用地累积指数、生物富集系数及相关性分析等方法进行数据处理。研究结果表明:除了Hg之外,其它重金属元素Cd、Cr、As和Pb含量均未超标,属于食品安全范围;其中Cr含量最高,平均值为0.094 mg/kg,而Cd含量变异系数极大,高达103%;水稻籽实中Cd、Hg和As等重金属含量普遍高于玉米籽实。根系土壤处于酸性环境,有机质养分较丰富,并存在中等程度Cd污染情况;重金属形态绝大多数为残渣态,其中Cd离子活性较高。农作物对Cd和Hg具有较强的富集能力,碎屑岩区土壤中重金属的生物富集系数高于碳酸盐岩区。经相关性分析表明,水稻中Hg含量与根系土壤中Cd含量呈极显著正相关关系,同时土壤酸碱度及有机质是影响农作物中重金属元素含量的重要因素。因此,适当调整土壤酸性程度、合理增施有机肥料,能够有效控制重金属污染风险,这对保障农产品安全具有基础性意义。

基于肠道菌群探讨从脾胃论治慢性疲劳综合征

肠道菌群可通过免疫系统、精神心理、神经内分泌系统等多种途径参与慢性疲劳综合征的起病过程。中医学认为,慢性疲劳综合征病位在脾,以脾胃亏虚为基本病机,治疗宜健脾益胃,肠道菌群与脾土相通,肠道菌群是健脾类药物的重要作用靶点。健脾类药物可通过调节肠道菌群,改善肠道紊乱状态,进而调和脾胃,改善慢性疲劳综合征患者的症状。本文着眼于探究脾与肠道菌群、慢性疲劳综合征三者的联系,以期通过肠道微生物来诠释从脾胃论治慢性疲劳综合征的生物机制,进一步明确中医药治疗慢性疲劳综合征的作用机理,发现肠道菌群可影响慢性疲劳综合征的发生和进展,肠道菌群协助消化功能与脾主运化相应、辅助参与人体免疫系统的功能与脾为之卫相应、调节精神心理的功能合乎脾意、与脾胃功能失和症状相似,运用健脾类药物治疗脾胃失调为代表的调和脾胃法能有效改善肠道菌群的生态,对CFS起到更好的治疗效果,临证时应注意健脾和胃以助运化、调畅升降以助气机。

新冠病毒感染患者居家监测与调理系统的设计

智能医疗是互联网时代的新式治疗模式,是传统治疗模式的延伸。本文设计了一款新冠病毒感染患者居家监测与调理的微信小程序,涵盖了患者数据采集、数据分析、远程医疗支持以及康复方案建议等多个功能。小程序利用后台管理系统和平台数据库实现数据可视化和实时交互。测试的结果表明,该系统基本上达到了设计要求。

Global status and trends of metabolomics in diabetes: A literature visualization knowledge graph study

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which has increased the global medical burden and is also the main cause of death in most countries.AIM To understand the knowledge structure of global development status,research focus,and future trend of the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the past 20 years.METHODS The articles about the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved from 2002 to October 23,2023,and the relevant information was analyzed using CiteSpace6.2.2R(CiteSpace),VOSviewer6.1.18(VOSviewer),and Bibliometrix software under R language.RESULTS A total of 3123 publications were included from 2002 to 2022.In the past two decades,the number of publications and citations in this field has continued to increase.The United States,China,Germany,the United Kingdom,and other relevant funds,institutions,and authors have significantly contributed to this field.Scientific Reports and PLoS One are the journals with the most publications and the most citations.Through keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis,the closely related keywords are"insulin resistance","risk","obesity","oxidative stress","metabolomics","metabolites"and"biomarkers".Keyword clustering included cardiovascular disease,gut microbiota,metabonomics,diabetic nephropathy,molecular docking,gestational diabetes mellitus,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance.Burst detection analysis of keyword depicted that"Gene","microbiota","validation","kidney disease","antioxidant activity","untargeted metabolomics","management",and"accumulation"are knowledge frontiers in recent years.CONCLUSION The relationship between metabolomics and diabetes is receiving extensive attention.Diabetic nephropathy,diabetic cardiovascular disease,and kidney disease are key diseases for future research in this field.Gut microbiota,molecular docking,and untargeted metabolomics are key research directions in the future.Antioxidant activity,gene,validation,mass spectrometry,management,and accumulation are at the forefront of knowledge frontiers in this field.

从伏邪理论探讨“湿”“瘀”“虚”与痛风相关性

伏邪为伏藏体内而不发作的病邪,伏邪理论可阐释多种疾病的病因病机与临床表现。痛风是嘌呤代谢障碍所致的一组异质性代谢性疾病,运用伏邪理论指导辨证论治有重要意义。脾肾功能失调,湿浊、瘀血潜藏内伏于体内,影响痛风的发生、发展及转归。而痛风起病隐匿、反复发作、脏腑受损的疾病特征与伏邪致病过程相契合。故结合痛风的发病特点,以伏邪理论为切入点展开论述,探讨“湿”“瘀”“虚”与痛风的相关性,确立利湿泄浊以祛邪、活血化瘀以通络、调补脾肾以扶正的治法,以此组方选药,治病求本。

南丹县土壤-农作物中富硒特征及其影响因素分析

以广西南丹县农用地为主要对象,以生态地球化学理论为指导,在1∶5万土壤地球化学调查基础上开展土壤硒含量特征、成因来源、迁移途径、影响因素等分析研究,为富硒土地资源开发提供科学依据。对南丹县3 271件表层土壤样、60件水稻样及40件玉米样的硒含量进行测定分析,结果表明:研究区表层土壤硒含量为0.179~6.528 mg·kg^(-1),平均含量为0.918 mg·kg^(-1),其中硒含量高于0.4 mg·kg^(-1)的富硒土壤面积占研究区面积的87.42%;水稻硒含量为0.027~0.540 mg·kg^(-1),平均含量为0.145 mg·kg^(-1),富硒率达93.33%;玉米硒含量为0.026~0.390 mg·kg^(-1),平均含量为0.091 mg·kg^(-1),富硒率达100%;土壤硒含量受成土母质、土壤pH、有机质含量、土地利用类型等因素影响。

基于场景的高效电驱匹配开发研究

新能源渗透率继续增长,但“里程焦虑”依旧是限制消费者购买新能源汽车的重要因素之一,相对于公告工况的统一,实际用车场景较为复杂,不同定位的车型有着明显的用车场景分布。文章基于大数据统计的用车场景分布,对比不同电驱系统匹配方案与实际道路达成率的关系,发现通过速比调整或电驱高效区分布的设计,在保证公告工况不受影响下,可以提高用车场景下的续航达成率。

Modeling Regional and Local-scale Permafrost Distribution in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Using Equivalent-elevation Method

This study proposes an equivalent-elevation method to evaluate the integrated effects of latitude and elevation on regional and local-scale permafrost distribution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and to model the general permafrost-distribution patterns in regional and local-scale area.It is found that the Gaussian curve―an empirical model describing the relation between variations of altitudinal permafrost lower limit (PLL) and latitude in the Northern Hemisphere―could be applied in regional-and local-scale areas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in a latitude-sensitive interval of 30°-50°N.The curve was then used to evaluate the latitudinal effect on permafrost distribution through transforming the latitudinal effect into a kind of altitudinal difference of PLL.This study then calculated the local equivalent-elevation value by overlaying the altitudinal difference of PLL onto real elevation at a certain location.The equivalent-elevation method was verified in an experimental subwatershed of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,feasibility of the method should be further tested in order to extend for future studies.The use of equivalent-elevation values can build a platform for comparing the regional general permafrost distribution in the plateau,and for basing further evaluations of local factors' effects on regional permafrost distribution.

基于层次分析法的正交试验优选坐浴安散提取工艺

目的优选坐浴安散的提取工艺。方法以醇提物中大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚含量和醇提干膏得率为综合评价指标,采用层次分析(AHP)法确定各指标权重,结合L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、溶剂用量、提取时间、提取次数对醇提工艺的影响;以水提物中盐酸小檗碱、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱含量和水提干膏得率为综合评价指标,采用AHP法确定各指标权重,结合L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验考察加水量、提取时间、提取次数对水提工艺的影响。结果优选的醇提工艺为加8倍量70%乙醇,提取3次,每次40 min;水提工艺为加12倍量水,提取3次,每次1.0 h。结论AHP法结合L9(34)正交试验优选的提取工艺合理、可行,能较好地保证坐浴安散的质量。

三味板蓝根颗粒浸膏制备工艺改良研究

目的改良医院制剂三味板蓝根颗粒浸膏中间体的制备工艺。方法采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验优选浸膏提取工艺的关键参数,再以单因素和Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化浸膏醇沉工艺。结果正交试验优选的浸膏最佳提取工艺为:以10倍量水(初次浸泡0.5 h),沸腾提取3次,每次提取1.5 h。经单因素和响应面法优化浸膏最佳醇沉工艺为:将药液浓缩至相对密度为1.15(80℃),以95%乙醇将药液的终点醇浓度调至65%,醇沉静置时间48 h。结论采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验联合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化医院制剂三味板蓝根颗粒的提取和醇沉工艺,达到预期效果,可为实际扩大化生产提供参考。

废树脂辐解气体对普通硅酸盐水泥矿物成分影响的热力学分析

水泥的矿物相成分及含量是影响水泥固化体性能的关键因素,本文基于热力学吉布斯自由能最小化方法,采用GEMS软件研究了废树脂辐解产生的H_(2)、CH_(4)、CO_(2)3种气体对普通硅酸盐水泥矿物相组成和矿物相总体积的影响。结果表明:仅有少量H_(2)和CH_(4)与水泥水化产物反应,造成高Ca/Si的矿物相溶解,矿物相的总体积基本稳定;辐解产生的CO_(2)会先与水泥水化产物中的羟钙石反应,羟钙石完全溶解后,硅酸盐矿物开始溶解,最后形成由大量碳酸盐和少量黏土矿物组成的体系,矿物相的总体积减小。本研究结果揭示了废树脂辐解产生气体引起水泥固化体降解的演变规律及机制,可为废树脂水泥固化体处置安全评价提供数据支撑。

Assessment of future Antarctic amplification of surface temperature change under different Scenarios from CMIP6

Global warming may result in increased polar amplification,but future temperature changes under different climate change scenarios have not been systematically investigated over Antarctica.An index of Antarctic amplification(AnA)is defined,and the annual and seasonal variations of Antarctic mean temperature are examined from projections of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)under scenarios SSP119,SSP126,SSP245,SSP370 and SSP585.AnA occurs under all scenarios,and is strongest in the austral summer and autumn,with an AnA index greater than 1.40.Although the warming over Antarctica accelerates with increased anthropogenic forcing,the magnitude of AnA is greatest in SSP126 instead of in SSP585,which may be affected by strong ocean heat uptake in high forcing scenario.Moreover,future AnA shows seasonal difference and regional difference.AnA is most conspicuous in the East Antarctic sector,with the amplification occurring under all scenarios and in all seasons,especially in austral summer when the AnA index is greater than 1.50,and the weakest signal appears in austral winter.Differently,the AnA over West Antarctica is strongest in austral autumn.Under SSP585,the temperature increase over the Antarctic Peninsula exceeds 0.5℃when the global average warming increases from 1.5℃to 2.0℃above preindustrial levels,except in the austral summer,and the AnA index in this region is strong in the austral autumn and winter.The projections suggest that the warming rate under different scenarios might make a large difference to the future AnA.

祁连山西段老虎沟流域消融季径流变化特征研究

基于祁连山西段老虎沟流域断面的径流数据与大本营气象站的气象资料,对冰川区径流与气象要素之间的相关性进行了分析,并建立了多元指数非线性回归方程对径流进行重建以弥补缺失径流,此外,对冰川区径流的年际、季节、日尺度的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)冰川区径流量与气温的相关性最高0.86,其次是水汽压(0.81)、相对湿度(0.46)、降水量(0.27),径流受气温影响最大。(2)21世纪观测资料显示日平均径流量为2.10 m3·s-1,较20世纪50年代末的1.65 m3·s-1有所增加,主要因消融季气温上升0.75℃所致,强消融期(7、8月)径流量的年际变化较大,消融期初(5、6月)和末(9月)年际变化较小。消融季5—9月产流占比分别为5.3%、16.1%、37.3%、35.1%、6.2%。(3)多元指数非线性回归方程可以较好地模拟日径流量(纳什效率系数平均为0.70),补充缺失径流后,对于径流的日变化,消融期初和末日变化较小,而强消融期径流的日变化较大。对于径流的时滞效应,老虎沟流域消融季各月径流呈现“谷-峰”的日变化特征,消融期初和末气温达到最大值与径流达到最大值的时间间距较大,而强消融期较小,在消融期初的6月两者相差最大为3 h。明晰冰川融水变化特征对干旱区水资源管理,生态保护及社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。

一种面向二维三维卷积的GPGPU cache旁路系统

通用图形处理器作为卷积神经网络的核心加速平台,其处理二维、三维卷积的性能,决定着神经网络在实时目标识别检测领域的有效应用。然而,受其固有cache系统功能的限制,当前通用图形处理器架构无法实现二维、三维卷积的高效加速。针对此问题,首先提出一种L1Dcache动态旁路设计方案。该方案定义了一组能够动态反映指令访问cache特征的数据结构,并基于此数据结构定义访存特征记录表,以记录不同访存指令在请求cache时的执行状态。其次,采用优先线程块的warp调度策略来加速访存状态的采样。最后根据访存状态得出不同PC值下访存请求对L1Dcache的旁路的判定,并动态完成部分低局域性数据请求对L1Dcache的旁路。由此将L1Dcache空间保留给高局域性的数据并降低二维、三维卷积执行时的访存阻塞周期,进而提升了二维、三维卷积在通用图形处理器上执行时的访存效率。实验结果表明,相比原架构,在面向二维、三维卷积时分别带来了约2.16%与19.79%的性能提升,体现了设计方案的有效性与实用性。

Assessment of precipitation type discrimination methods on glacier of Qilian Mountains

Solid precipitation is not only the main supply for glacier mass,but also exerts an important influence on surface albedo and intensifies glacier melting.However,precipitation type observation is very scarce in the high alpine glaciers,which limits the precise simulation of glacier mass balance.This study assessed three discrimination methods of precipitation types including Ding method,Dai method and Froidurot method based on surface albedo observation data on the Laohugou Glacier No.12(LHG Glacier)in western Qilian Mountains.The results showed that Ding method had a best applicability on the LHG Glacier,the other two need to calibrate parameters when they are used in the high elevation glacier region.Then we fitted the relationship between snowfall probability and fresh snow albedo,and put forward a revised formula to simulate fresh snow albedo based on Ding method,which is expected to reduce the uncertainty in glacier mass and energy balance model.Finally,we found a best air temperature threshold of 4℃for discriminating monthly precipitation types.In order to accurately simulate the glacier melt,it is necessary to obtain the threshold temperature appropriately in different glacier region with different elevation and humidity.