CircTHSD4 promotes the malignancy and docetaxel (DTX) resistance in prostate cancer by regulating miR-203/HMGA2 axis

Objective:Circular ribose nudeic acids(circRNAs)are implicated in tumor progression and drug resistance of prostate cancer(PCa).The current work explored the function of circ_0005203(aircTHSD4)in the malignancy and docetaxel(DTX)resistance of PCa.Methods:circTHSD4 expression within PCa as well as matched non-carcinoma samples was measured through real time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).In addition,a subcellular fraction assay was conducted to determine circTHSD4 subcellular localization within PCa cells.In addition,we performed a Western blot(WB)assay to detect high mobility.group A2 protein(HMGA2)levels.Besides,functional associations of two molecules were investigated through dual luciferase reporter assay.Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8,colony formation together with Transwell assay was conducted to assess malignant phenotypes of PCa cells,whereas flow cytometry was performed to determine cell apoptosis.Furthermore,a xenograft mouse model was constructed to verify the effect of circTHSD4 on the carcinogenesis of PCa cells.Results:According to RT-qPCR results,circTHSD4 was up-regulated within PCa tissues and cells,which predicted the dismal prognostic outcome of PCa cases.circTHSD4 silencing within PCa cells markedly suppressed cell growth,migration,and colony fomation.circTHSD4 silencing remarkably elevated PCa cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis within the xenograft model.Further,circTHSD4 silencing enhanced docetaxel(DTX)sensitivity in PCa cells.Furthermore,we demonstrated that circTHSD4 modulated the malignancy of PCa cells by regulating HMGA2 expression through sponging miR 203.Conclusion:Together,our findings suggest that cirCTHSD4 overexpression could promote the malignant phenotype and DTX resistance in PCa through the regulation of the miR 203/HMGA2 axis.

Energy-saving design and optimization of pressure-swing-assisted ternary heterogenous azeotropic distillations

A huge amount of energy is always consumed to separate the ternary azeotropic mixtures by distillations.The heterogeneous azeotropic distillation and the pressure-swing distillation are two kinds of effective technologies to separate heterogeneous azeotropes without entrainer addition.To give better play to the synergistic energy-saving effect of these two processes,a novel pressure-swing-assisted ternary heterogeneous azeotropic distillation(THAD)process is proposed firstly.In this process,the ternary heterogeneous azeotrope is decanted into two liquid phases before being refluxed into the azeotropic distillation column to avoid the aqueous phase remixing,and three columns'pressures are modified to decrease the flowrates of the recycle streams.Then the dividing wall column and heat integration technologies are introduced to further reduce its energy consumption,and the pressureswing-assisted ternary heterogeneous azeotropic dividing-wall column and its heat integration structure are achieved.A genetic algorithm procedure is used to optimize the proposed processes.The design results show that the proposed processes have higher energy efficiencies and lower CO_(2)emissions than the published THAD process.

Temporal Integrative Omics Reveals an Increase in Nondegradative Ubiquitylation during Primary Hepatocyte Dedifferentiation

Primary hepatocytes(PHCs)are widely used in various fields,but the progressive deterioration of liverspecific features in vitro significantly limits their application.While the transcriptional regulation and whole cell proteome(WCP)of PHCs have been extensively studied,only a small number of studies have addressed the role of posttranslational modifications in this process.To elucidate the underlying mechanisms that induce dedifferentiation,we carried out parallel quantifications of the transcriptome,WCP,ubiquitinome,and phosphoproteome of rat PHCs after 0,6,12,24,and 48 h of in vitro culture.Our data constitute a detailed proteomic analysis of dedifferentiated PHCs including 2196 proteins,2056 ubiquitinated sites,and 4932 phosphorylated peptides.We revealed a low correlation between the transcriptome and WCP during dedifferentiation.A combined analysis of the ubiquitinome with the corresponding WCP indicated that the dedifferentiation of PHCs led to an increase in nondegradative K27 ubiquitination.Functional analysis of the altered phosphoproteins suggested a significant enrichment in ferroptosis.In all,404 proteins with both ubiquitination and phosphorylation were identified to be involved in critical metabolic events.Furthermore,Ptbph Hnqjd,Hnrnpu,and Srrm2 were identified as hub genes.Taken together,our data provide new insights into proteome dynamics during PHC dedifferentiation and potential targets to inhibit the dedifferentiation process.

Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae(Sordariomycetes)

The classification of subclass Xylariomycetidae is revisited with additional collections and phylogeny based on novel rDNA sequence data.Phylogenetic inferences are provided and are based on analysis of 115 sequence data,including new data for 27 strains.An updated outline to the subclass is presented based on the phylogenies and comprises two orders,18 families and 222 genera.An account of each order,family and genus in the subclass is given.We accept the orders Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence.Amphisphaeriales comprises Amphisphaeriaceae,Bartaliniaceae fam.nov.,Clypeosphaeriaceae,Discosiaceae fam.nov.,Pestalotiopsidaceae fam.nov.and Phlogicylindriaceae fam.nov.Xylariales comprises Apiosporaceae,Cainiaceae,Coniocessiaceae,Diatrypaceae,Graphostromataceae(doubtful),Hyponectriaceae,Iodosphaeriaceae,Lopadostomaceae fam.nov.,Melogrammataceae,Pseudomassariaceae fam.nov.,Vialaeaceae and Xylariaceae.The new genera and species introduced are Arthrinium hyphopodii,A.subglobosa,Cainia anthoxanthis,Ciferriascosea gen.nov.,C.fluctamurum,C.rectamurum,Discosia neofraxinea,D.pseudopleurochaeta,Hyalotiella rubi,Seimatosporium cornii,S.ficeae,S.vitis and Truncatella spartii.

Implications of Stahl's Theorems to Holomorphic Embedding Part II: Numerical Convergence

What has become known as Stahl's Theorem in power-engineering circles has been used to justify a convergence guarantee of the Holomorphic Embedding Method(HEM)as it applies to the power-flow problem.In this,the second part of a two-part paper,we examine implications to numerical convergence of the HEM and the numerical properties of a Pade approximant algorithm.We show that even if the point of interest is within the convergence domain,numerical convergence of the sequence of Pade approximants computed with finite precision is not guaranteed.We propose a convergence factor equation that can be used to both estimate the convergence rate and the capacity of the branch cut.We also show that the study of convergence properties of the Pade approximant is the study of the location of the branch-points of the function,which in turn dictate branch-cut topology and capacity and,therefore,convergence rate.

Integrative Proteomic Analysis of Multiple Posttranslational Modifications in Inflammatory Response

Posttranslational modifications(PTMs)of proteins,particularly acetylation,phosphorylation,and ubiquitination,play critical roles in the host innate immune response.PTMs’dynamic changes and the crosstalk among them are complicated.To build a comprehensive dynamic network of inflammation-related proteins,we integrated data from the whole-cell proteome(WCP),acetylome,phosphoproteome,and ubiquitinome of human and mouse macrophages.Our datasets of acetylation,phosphorylation,and ubiquitination sites helped identify PTM crosstalk within and across proteins involved in the inflammatory response.Stimulation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)resulted in both degradative and non-degradative ubiquitination.Moreover,this study contributes to the interpretation of the roles of known inflammatory molecules and the discovery of novel inflammatory proteins.

Treatment of COVID-19 by monoclonal antibodies and the traditional Chinese medicine

The mortality rate of the recent global pandemic corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)is currently as high as 7%.The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the culprit behind COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus,the genome encodes four types of the structural proteins:S protein,E protein(envelope protein),M protein(matrix protein)and N protein(nucleocapsid protein).In COVID-19,monoclonal antibodies have played a significant role in diagnosis and treatment.This article briefly introduced the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting on S protein and N protein,which represents the main direction of monoclonal antibody drugs used in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.Meanwhile,the traditional Chinese medicine also plays important role in the fight against COVID-19 by regulating human immunity.The article introduced the use of traditional Chinese medicine in fighting against COVID-19.