阿尔茨海默病居家筛查专家共识

老年人痴呆或认知障碍多由一种以上年龄相关的常见脑部疾病所致。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是其中最常见的神经变性疾病,且是全球前10位死因中唯一无法治愈或缺乏长期对症疗效的疾病,给个人、家庭和全球经济都带来了巨大的负担。早期及时发现和干预是对抗AD的最佳策略。在过去的30年中,许多研究都提出了降低痴呆风险的方法,2020年《柳叶刀》杂志的痴呆预防报告已阐明通过应对风险因素可以预防或延缓超过40%的痴呆。然而,目前全球医疗体系尚未具备早期或及时发现AD的足够能力。最近的一项研究发现,只有不到10%的轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是在初级医疗机构中诊断出来的。近来,抗淀粉样蛋白β(Amyloid beta,Aβ)抗体药物lecanemab和donanemab被批准上市用于早期AD治疗,以及30年的随访研究证明改善风险因素显著减少AD痴呆的发病率并延长了寿命,使得人们对AD早期识别的关注迅速增加。阿尔茨海默病防治协会(China Association for Alzheimer's Disease,CAAD)认识到居家早期和及时发现AD的重要性,并成立了一个由协会成员、临床医生和研究人员组成的全球AD多领域专家团队,就以下目标达成共识:①为个人、家庭、社区、协会和组织提供专家指导意见;②介绍用于认知障碍和痴呆居家筛查的数字工具和可用资源,并为AD高危人群或疑似患者制定下一步应对策略;③讨论现有可用或将来可能的居家筛查适宜AD生物标志物;④为未来的改进和全球应用建立可行性框架。专家组对于当前可用的证据、工具和资源进行综述,并进一步考量其在AD居家筛查中的价值。

中国北方典型地区人群活动模式特色数据集

本文介绍了《典型地区活动模式特色数据集》(Typical Regional Activity Patterns,TRAP),此数据集依托于“大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目”。为了探索大气污染与体力活动的交互效应,我们在空气污染物浓度高于周边地区的典型区域(济南市和保定市)收集了9,221名不同职业和生活方式居民连续3天的活动模式数据。TRAP数据集包括人口学指标(人口学、职业信息、个人习惯和居住条件)和体力活动模式数据(活动地点和活动强度)信息。此数据集提供了体力活动模式的暴露测量数据,数据使用者可以根据自己的特定目的将其与各种终点指标匹配。此数据集可为探究中国北方居民活动模式属性提供证据,为跨学科研究人员制定健康教育及健康促进策略和措施提供证据。

CO_(2)-Induced Modulation of Si-O Bonds for Low Temperature Plastic Deformation of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photoluminescence

Modulation of Si-O bonds under mild conditions has been a challenging issue in the field of material science,which is critical to manufacture highperformance silica-based optical and photonic devices.Herein,we introduce a nondestructive technique to achieve Si-O bond rearrangement,leading to plastic deformation and photoluminescence enhancement of amorphous silica nanoparticles using supercritical carbon dioxides in EtOH/H_(2)O solution under mild temperature.Specifically,plastic deformation is achieved by treating hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres using supercritical CO_(2)at 40°C under 20 MPa.Experimental and theoretical studies revealed the critical role of supercritical CO_(2)in the plastic deformation process,which can be intercalated into the hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres with anisotropic stresses and induces the rearrangement of Si-O bonds and transformation of ring structures.This work suggests a novel approach to engineer high-performance nano-silica glass components for numerous optical and photonic devices under mild condition.

Supramolecular Macrocycle Regulated Single-Atom MoS_(2)@Co Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

The development of active water oxidation catalysts for water splitting has stimulated considerable interest.Herein,the design and building of single atom Co sites using a supramolecular tailoring strategy are reported,that is,the introduction of pillar[4]arene[1]quinone(P4A1Q)permits mononuclear Co species stereoelectronically assembled on MoS_(2)matrix to construct an atomically dispersed MoS_(2)@Co catalyst with modulated local electronic structure,definite chemical environment and enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance.Theoretical calculations indicate that immsobilized single-Co sites exhibit an optimized adsorption capability of oxygen-containing intermediates,endowing the catalyst an excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction activity,with a low overpotential of 370 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 90 mV dec^(-1).The extendable potential of this strategy to other electrocatalysts such as MoS_(2)@Ni and MoS_(2)@Zn,and other applications such as the hydrogen evolution reaction was also demonstrated.This study affords new insights into the rational design of single metal atom systems with enhanced electrocatalytic performance.

Cation-Anion Redox Active Organic Complex for High Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery

Organic redox compounds are attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their low cost,environmental friendliness,multiple-electron-transfer reactions,and resource sustainability.However,the realized energy density is constrained by the limited capacity and low voltage.Herein,copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane(CuTCNQ),an organic charge-transfer complex is evaluated as a zinc-ion battery cathode owing to the good electron acceptation ability in the cyano groups that improves the voltage output.Through electrochemical activation,electrolyte optimization,and adoption of graphene-based separator,CuTCNQ-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries deliver much improved rate performance and cycling stability with anti-self-discharge properties.The structural evolution of CuTCNQ during discharge/charge are investigated by ex situ Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR)spectra,ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and in situ ultraviolet visible spectroscopy(UV-vis),revealing reversible redox reactions in both cuprous cations(Cu^(+))and organic anions(TCNQ^(x-1)),thus delivering a high voltage output of 1.0 V and excellent discharge capacity of 158 mAh g^(-1).The remarkable electrochemical performance in Zn//CuTCNQ is ascribed to the strong inductive effect of cyano groups in CuTCNQ that elevated the voltage output and the graphene-modified separator that inhibited CuTCNQ dissolution and shuttle effect in aqueous electrolytes.

Identification of the BTA8 gene reveals the contribution of natural variation to tiller angle in rice

Plant architecture is a collection of major agronomic traits that determines rice grain production,and it is mainly influenced by tillering,tiller angle,plant height and panicle morphology(Wang and Li 2006).Tiller angle is one of the critical components that determines rice plant architecture,which in turn influences grain yield mainly due to its large impact on plant density(Wang et al.2022).

Long-Term Survival Trend of Gynecological Cancer:A Systematic Review of Population-Based Cancer Registration Data

Gynecological cancer significantly affect the health of women.This review aimed to describe the global patterns and trends in the survival of patients with gynecological cancers.We searched PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,SinoMed,and SEER for survival analyses of cancer registration data of cervical,endometrial,and ovarian cancers published between 1980 and 2022.Globally,the highest 5-year observed survival rate for cervical cancer was 76.5% in Anshan,Liaoning,China(2008-2017).The 5-year observed survival rates of endometrial and ovarian cancers were higher in Finland(1995-1999,82.5%)and Singapore(1988-1992,62.0%).The 5-year relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients was higher in Haining,Zhejiang,China(2011-2014,85.8%).Korea ranked first at 89.0% and 64.5% for endometrial and ovarian cancers,respectively.Survival rates have improved for cervical,endometrial,and ovarian cancers.Patients aged≥75 years and those with advancedstage disease had the worst 5-year survival rates.Survival rates were better for squamous cell carcinoma in cervical cancer,for endometrial carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma in endometrial cancer,and for germ cell and sex-cord stromal tumors in ovarian cancer.Over the past four decades,the survival rates of gynecological cancers have increased globally,with notable increases in cervical and endometrial cancers.Survival rates are higher in developed countries,with a slow-growing trend.Future studies should focus on improving survival,especially in ovarian cancer patients.

2D MOF Nanoflake-Assembled Spherical Microstructures for Enhanced Supercapacitor and Electrocatalysis Performances

Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are of great interest as potential electrochemically active materials.However, few studies have been conducted into understanding whether control of the shape and components of MOFs can optimize their electrochemical performances due to the rational realization of their shapes. Component control of MOFs remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a solvothermal method to realize nanostructure engineering of 2D nanoflake MOFs. The hollow structures withNi/Co-and Ni-MOF(denoted as Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes and Ni-MOF nanoflakes) were assembled for their electrochemical performance optimizations in supercapacitors and in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR). As a result, the Ni/CoMOF nanoflakes exhibited remarkably enhanced performance with a specific capacitance of 530.4 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)in1 M LiO H aqueous solution, much higher than that of NiMOF(306.8 F g^(-1)) and ZIF-67(168.3 F g^(-1)), a good rate capability, and a robust cycling performance with no capacity fading after 2000 cycles. Ni/Co-MOF nanoflakes also showed improved electrocatalytic performance for the ORR compared to Ni-MOF and ZIF-67. The present work highlights the significant role of tuning 2D nanoflake ensembles of Ni/Co-MOF in accelerating electron and charge transportation for optimizing energy storage and conversion devices.

Multiple Risk Factor Clustering and Risk of Hypertension in the Mongolian Ethnic Population of China

Objective To evaluate whether the clustering of risk factors, both environmental and genetic, increases the risk of essential hypertension （EH） and the accumulation of risk factors influences the blood pressure level in normotensives. Methods On the basis of a prevalence survey, 501 subjects of Mongolian ethnicity （243 hypertensives and 258 normotensives） who were not related to each other were selected to conduct a case-control study. All subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected. Renin gene insertion/deletion （I/D） polymorphism, a new genetic marker, was genotyped with PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Overweight, alcohol consumption, and renin gene I/D polymorphism were significant risk factors of EH （P〈0.05）. The odds ratios （OR） for the number of risk factors were 2.39 （95%CI： 0.98-6.74） for one risk factor, 5.03 （95%CI： 2.06-14.18） for two, and 6.09 （95%CI： 1.85-22.38） for three respectively after adjusting for age and sex. In normotensives, age- and sex-adjusted mean blood pressures increased with more accumulation of risk factors. However, there were no significant differences among the different blood pressure levels according to the number of risk factors （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Overweight, alcohol consumption, and renin gene I/D polymorphism are risk factors of EH in the Mongolian ethnic population of China. The accumulation of the risk factors causes a sharp increase of the risk of EH.

Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Nanoflake Ensembles for Energy Storage Applications

The rational design and synthesis of two-dimensional(2D) nanoflake ensemble-based materials have garnered great attention owing to the properties of the components of these materials, such as high mechanical flexibility, high specific surface area, numerous active sites,chemical stability, and superior electrical and thermal conductivity. These properties render the 2D ensembles great choices as alternative electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage systems. More recently,recognition of the numerous advantages of these 2D ensemble structures has led to the realization that the performance of certain devices could be significantly enhanced by utilizing three-dimensional(3D) architectures that can furnish an increased number of active sites. The present review summarizes the recent progress in 2D ensemble-based materials for energy storage applications,including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and sodium-ion batteries. Further, perspectives relating to the challenges and opportunities in this promising research area are discussed.

Quantitative analysis of 3-isopropylamino-1,2-propanediol as a degradation product of metoprolol in pharmaceutical dosage forms by HILIC-CAD

Aryloxypropanolamine is an essential structural scaffold for a variety of b-adrenergic receptor antagonists such as metoprolol.Molecules with such a structural motif tend to degrade into α,β ehydroxypropanolamine impurities via a radicaleinitiated oxidation pathway.These impurities are typically polar and nonchromophoric,and are thus often overlooked using traditional reversed phase chromatography and UV detection.In this work,stress testing of metoprolol confirmed the generation of 3-isopropylamino-1,2-propanediol as a degradation product,which is a specified impurity of metoprolol in the European Pharmacopoeia(impurity N).To ensure the safety and quality of metoprolol drug products,hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC)methods using Halo Penta HILIC column(150mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)coupled with charged aerosol detection(CAD)were developed and optimized for the separation and quantitation of metoprolol impurity N in metoprolol drug products including metoprolol tartrate injection,metoprolol tartrate tablets,and metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets.These HILIC-CAD methods were validated per USP validation guidelines with respect to specificity,linearity,accuracy,and precision,and have been successfully applied to determine impurity N in metoprolol drug products.

Association of Gghrelin Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese

Objective To investigate the association of ghrelin gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese. Methods A total of 240 patients with metabolic syndrome and 427 adults aged above forty years were recruited. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The allelic frequency of the Leu72Met polymorphism was 17.3% in the patient group and 11.9% in the control group （x^2=7.36, P=0.007）. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent among carriers of the Met72 variant （43.8 vs 33.1%, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio=1.57, P=0.01）. No Arg51Gln variants were found in our study subjects. Conclusion Rather than being associated with its individual components, Leu72Met polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Han Nationality Chinese. Arg51Gln polymorphism is rare in the Han Nationality Chinese.

Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene I/D Polymorphism With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective To investigate the association of angiotensin converting enzyme （ACE） gene insertion/deletion （I/D） polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Methods Two hundred and nine patients with T2DM diagnosed based on the criteria for diabetes mellitus in 1999 by WHO and 221 controls were recruited from general population of Dongcheng District in Beijing. All subjects were genotyped for the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene by PCR-fragment length polymorphism （FLP） assay. Blood pressure, levels of plasma glucose, lipids and serum insulin were determined. Body mass index （BMI）, waist-trip ratio （WHR） and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） were calculated. Results The genotype frequencies for ACE genes DD, ID, and II were 19.1%, 42.1%, and 38.8% in patients, respectively, and 9.6%, 49.4%, and 41.0% in controls, respectively. The ACE DD genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients than in controls （χ^2=7.61, P=0.022）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ACE DD genotype was a risk factor for T2DM, with the OR of 2.35 （95% CI 1.17-4.71） adjusted for age, sex, BMI, WHR, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol levels. Conclusion The ACE DD genotype is associated with the increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Brittle culm 25, which encodes an UDP-xylose synthase, affects cell wall properties in rice

Because plant mechanical strength influences plant growth and development,the regulatory mechanisms underlying cell-wall synthesis deserve investigation.Rice mutants are useful for such research.We have identified a novel brittle culm 25(bc25)mutant with reduced growth and partial sterility.BC25 encodes an UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase involved in cellulose synthesis and belongs to the UXS family.A single-nucleotide mutation in BC25 accounts for its altered cell morphology and cellwall composition.Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the thickness of the secondary cell wall was reduced in bc25.Monosaccharide analysis revealed significant increases in content of rhamnose and arabinose but not of other monosaccharides,indicating that BC25 was involved in xylose synthesis with some level of functional redundancy.Enzymatic assays suggested that BC25 functions with high activity to interconvert UDP-glucuronic acid(UDP-Glc A)and UDP-xylose.GUS staining showed that BC25 was ubiquitously expressed with higher expression in culm,root and sheath,in agreement with that shown by quantitative real-time(q RT)-PCR.RNA-seq further suggested that BC25 is involved in sugar metabolism.We conclude that BC25 strongly influences rice cell wall formation.

Supercritical CO_(2)-Tailored 2D Oxygen-doped Amorphous Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Simultaneously adjusting the surface,crystallographic and electronic structures of nanomaterials provide a new avenue for rational design of advanced photocatalyst yet it is challenging.In this work,a surface and structural engineering strategy is developed to simultaneously realize the 2D amorphous structure and oxygen(O)-doping in graphitic carbon nitride(g–C_(3)N_(4))via the assistance of supercritical carbon dioxide(SCCO_(2)).The 2D O-doped amorphous g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets display greatly enhanced photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction and methylene blue degradation performances.The synthesis method as well as the mechanism of the enhanced photocatalytic activity was investigated,wherein the introduction of 2D amorphous structure and O dopant in the g-C_(3)N_(4)contributes to the increased surface area,abundant active sites,wider visible-light absorption range and efficient charge separation property,and thus the outstanding photocatalytic activities can be obtained.Its photocatalytic CH_(4)evolution rate and MB degradation rete are 5.1 and 7.0 times enhancement over bulk crystalline g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.This work presents a great promising way for designing and developing advanced photocatalysts.

Building of multifunctional and hierarchical H_(x)MoO_(3)/PNIPAM hydrogel for high-efficiency solar vapor generation

Solar distillation is a sustainable and promising technique to generate fresh water.However,the solar vapor generation is a high energy consumption process,resulting in a low water yield under natural sunlight.Hence,developing of advanced evaporators that can simultaneously reduce the energy requirement of water vaporization and accelerate solar water evaporation remains a great challenge.In this study,we report the fabrication of a multifunctional hydrogel of H_(x)Mo O_(3)/PNIPAM with PNIPAM as hydratable skeleton and H_(x)Mo O_(3) as the light-absorbing unit for solar water evaporation.The experimental results demonstrate that the as-prepared hydrogel owns excellent photothermal activity.Accurately,the fabricated hydrogel-based solar evaporators achieved high water evaporation rate of 1.65 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)with the energy conversion efficiency of 85.87%under 1 k W m^(-2)irradiation.The enhanced photothermal activity of H_(x)Mo O_(3)/PNIPAM hydrogel can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the components composed in this hierarchical architecture that change the water state and further speed up water evaporation.The H_(x)Mo O_(3)/PNIPAM evaporators indicate its great potential for practical implementation of solar water evaporation.

Structural confirmation of sulconazole sulfoxide as the primary degradation product of sulconazole nitrate

Sulconazole has been reported to degrade into sulconazole sulfoxide via sulfur oxidation; however,structural characterization data was lacking and the potential formation of an N-oxide or sulfone could not be excluded. To clarify the degradation pathways and incorporate the impurity profile of sulconazole into the United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary(USP–NF) monographs, a multifaceted approach was utilized to confirm the identity of the degradant. The approach combines stress testing of sulconazole nitrate, chemical synthesis of the degradant via a hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation reaction,semi-preparative HPLC purification, and structural elucidation by LC–MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy.Structural determination was primarily based on the comparison of spectroscopic data of sulconazole and the oxidative degradant. The mass spectrometric data have revealed a Mc Lafferty-type rearrangement as the characteristic fragmentation pathway for alkyl sulfoxides with a β-hydrogen atom, and was used to distinguish the sulfoxide from N-oxide or sulfone derivatives. Moreover, the generated sulconazole sulfoxide was utilized as reference material for compendial procedure development and validation, which provides support for USP monograph modernization.

Effect of Dissolved CO_2 and Tetrahydrofuran on the Polymerization of Acrylic Acid

The polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) with dissolved carbon dioxide and tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the monomer is studied. Viscosity measurement. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the conccntration of tctrahydrofuran has pronounced effect on the molecular weight (Mn). glass transition temperature (Tg). and the morphology of the product.

LncRNA-POIR knockdown promotes hepatocellular carcinoma sensitivity to sorafenib through upregulating miR-182-5p and inhibiting autophagy

Although sorafenib has been found to prolong the survival time of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),sorafenib resistance remains an important challenge.Increasing studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)contribute to drug resistance in a wide number of cancers.Human periodontal ligament stem cell(PDLSC)osteogenesis impairment-related lncRNA(POIR)is a recently defined lncRNA for which little is known regarding its function.Our study aimed to reveal the role of POIR in the development of HCC cell sorafenib resistance.The level of POIR expression in patients and tumor cells was examined by Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assay.CCK-8,EdU,and flow cytometry assay were adopted to examine cell viability,proliferation,and apoptosis,respectively.The autophagy-associated protein expressions were determined by western blotting and autophagic flux analysis.The results of this study exhibited increased POIR in HCC tissues and cells and may be correlated with sorafenib resistance.Knockdown of POIR elevated sorafenib sensitivity by suppressing autophagy in HCC cells.Mechanically,POIR knockdown upregulated miR-182-5p,implying that miR-182-5p mediates POIR regulation.MiR-182-5p overexpression significantly enhanced chemosensitivity to sorafenib,whereas miR-182-5p inhibition had the opposite effect.The sensitization of POIR siRNA to sorafenib was abolished by co-transfection with miR-182-5p inhibitor.Our findings provide a potential target for further clinical treatment of sorafenib-resistant HCC patients.

Building Close Ties Between CO_(2) and Functional Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials with Green Chemistry Strategy

Two-dimensional nanomaterials represented an emerging class of nanomaterials that have attracted dramatically increasing attention in both academia and industries.With the development of green chemistry,supercritical carbon dioxide with unique properties can be used as excellent reaction media for two-dimensional nanomaterials preparation and processing.In this review,we summarize the recent state-of-art progress on the ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials fabricated with the assistance of supercritical carbon dioxide,including carbon dioxide-induced liquid exfoliation,phase engineering,and the formation of amorphous materials,as well as the construction of heterostructures and novel functional nanomaterials.Based on the potential and versatility of supercritical carbon dioxide in materials processing and synthesis,we will also give some personal perspectives on the existing challenges and future research directions.