Slip rate and interseismic coupling along the Moxi-Shimian segment of the Xianshuihe fault, Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

On September 5,2022,the Luding M6.8 earthquake occurred in the Moxi-Shimian segment of the Xianshuihe fault,coinciding with the historical ruptured zone of the 1786 Moxi earthquake.Its seis-mogenic environment provides a foundation for comprehending the mechanism of the earthquake and its future hazard.In the Moxi-Shimian segment,we establish a series of near-field Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNsS)stations to enhance the spatial resolution of observational data for the inversion of the interseismic kinematic parameters.In this study,with an elastic screw dislocation model con-strained by GNsS observations,the slip rate of the Moxi-Shimian segment is estimated to be 10.9±1.0 mm/yr,while the locking depth is 15.7±6.2 km.Additionally,we utilize a block-dislocation model to invert the interseismic fault coupling along the Kangding-Moxi-Shimian segment.The result indicates a gradual deepening of the locking depth along the section from Kangding to Shimian.The coseismic rupture of the 2022 event occurred within the high coupling regions in the Kangding-Moxi-Shimian segment,which indicates that the rupture kinematics in this event might be controlled by the interseismic deformation.The seismic moment accumulated within the ruptured zone of the Luding earthquake since 1786 ranges in[1.42-3.40]×10^(19) N-m,which is significantly greater than the seismic moment released during the 2022 event.As a result,we infer that the Luding earthquake released only a portion of the accumulated energy within the original rupture zone since 1786,indicating that the 2022 event has not caused a complete rupture in the Moxi-Shimian segment.Consequently,there remains a substantial seismic hazard in this area.

Molecular mechanisms underlying microglial sensing and phagocytosis in synaptic pruning

Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits.In brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli.Once the brain switches its functional states,microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions,including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris.The crosstalk of microglia between neurons,neural stem cells,endothelial cells,oligodendrocytes,and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning,neurogenesis,vascularization,myelination,and blood-brain barrier permeability.In this review,we highlight the neuron-derived“find-me,”“eat-me,”and“don't eat-me”molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development.This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease,thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.

Efficacy and safety of Lianhuaqingwen capsules in high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia:A multicenter retrospective study

Objective:To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of Lianhuaqingwen(LHQW)capsules in patients with high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods:A retrospective multicenter study on 383 high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia cases was conducted.Patients were categorized as the standard treatment(SDT)group(n=168)and the LHQW+SDT group(n=215).The primary endpoint was the rate of symptom(fever,fatigue,coughing)recovery and the secondary endpoints included the time to symptom recovery,the proportion of patients with improvement in chest CT images,the proportion of patients with clinical cure,the timing and rate of negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA assay.Results:The recovery rate was significantly higher in the LHQW+SDT group as compared with the SDT group(89.7%vs.72.0%,P<0.01).The combined use of LHQW+SDT also showed shorter time for symptom recovery,as well as shorter time for individual symptom of fever,fatigue and coughing recovery than use of SDT alone.A higher proportion of patients in the LHQW+SDT group with improvements in chest CT images and clinical cure(77.7%vs.57.1%,P<0.01)but the proportion of patients deteriorating to severe cases(1%vs.25%,P<0.01)in this group was significant lower than those in the SDT group.No significant difference in negative conversion rate of viral assay results was observed(76.8%vs.75.0%,P>0.05).No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusions:LHQW capsules could be recommended to ameliorate clinical symptoms and reduce the rate of deteriorating to severe cases for high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia.

Application of Feature, Event, and Process Methods to Leakage Scenario Development for Offshore CO_(2) Geological Storage

Offshore carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) geological storage(OCGS) represents a significant strategy for addressing climate change by curtailing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the risk of CO_(2) leakage poses a substantial concern associated with this technology. This study introduces an innovative approach for establishing OCGS leakage scenarios, involving four pivotal stages, namely, interactive matrix establishment, risk matrix evaluation, cause–effect analysis, and scenario development, which has been implemented in the Pearl River Estuary Basin in China. The initial phase encompassed the establishment of an interaction matrix for OCGS systems based on features, events, and processes. Subsequent risk matrix evaluation and cause–effect analysis identified key system components, specifically CO_(2) injection and faults/features. Building upon this analysis, two leakage risk scenarios were successfully developed, accompanied by the corresponding mitigation measures. In addition, this study introduces the application of scenario development to risk assessment, including scenario numerical simulation and quantitative assessment. Overall, this research positively contributes to the sustainable development and safe operation of OCGS projects and holds potential for further refinement and broader application to diverse geographical environments and project requirements. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the establishment of OCGS leakage scenarios and demonstrates their practical application to risk assessment, laying the foundation for promoting the sustainable development and safe operation of ocean CO_(2) geological storage projects while proposing possibilities for future improvements and broader applications to different contexts.

A review of in situ carbon mineralization in basalt

Global warming has greatly threatened the human living environment and carbon capture and storage(CCS)technology is recognized as a promising way to reduce carbon emissions.Mineral storage is considered a reliable option for long-term carbon storage.Basalt rich in alkaline earth elements facilitates rapid and permanent CO_(2) fixation as carbonates.However,the complex CO_(2)-fluid-basalt interaction poses challenges for assessing carbon storage potential.Under different reaction conditions,the carbonation products and carbonation rates vary.Carbon mineralization reactions also induce petrophysical and mechanical responses,which have potential risks for the long-term injectivity and the carbon storage safety in basalt reservoirs.In this paper,recent advances in carbon mineralization storage in basalt based on laboratory research are comprehensively reviewed.The assessment methods for carbon storage potential are introduced and the carbon trapping mechanisms are investigated with the identification of the controlling factors.Changes in pore structure,permeability and mechanical properties in both static reactions and reactive percolation experiments are also discussed.This study could provide insight into challenges as well as perspectives for future research.

Dredged marine soil stabilization using magnesia cement augmented with biochar/slag

Dredged marine soils(DMS)have poor engineering properties,which limit their usage in construction projects.This research examines the application of reactive magnesia(rMgO)containing supplementary cementitious materials(SCMs)to stabilize DMS under ambient and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))curing conditions.Several proprietary experimental tests were conducted to investigate the stabilized DMS.Furthermore,the carbonation-induced mineralogical,thermal,and microstructural properties change of the samples were explored.The findings show that the compressive strength of the stabilized DMS fulfilled the 7-d requirement(0.7-2.1 MPa)for pavement and building foundations.Replacing rMgO with SCMs such as biochar or ground granulated blast-furnace slag(GGBS)altered the engineering properties and particle packing of the stabilized soils,thus influencing their performances.Biochar increased the porosity of the samples,facilitating higher CO_(2) uptake and improved ductility,while GGBS decreased porosity and increased the dry density of the samples,resulting in higher strength.The addition of SCMs also enhanced the water retention capacity and modified the pH of the samples.Microstructural analysis revealed that the hydrated magnesium carbonates precipitated in the carbonated samples provided better cementation effects than brucite formed during rMgO hydration.Moreover,incorporating SCMs reduced the overall global warming potential and energy demand of the rMgO-based systems.The biochar mixes demonstrated lower toxicity and energy consumption.Ultimately,the rMgO and biochar blend can serve as an environmentally friendly additive for soft soil stabilization and permanent fixation of significant amounts of CO_(2) in soils through mineral carbonation,potentially reducing environmental pollution while meeting urbanization needs.

Long Non-coding RNA PCED1B Antisense RNA 1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating the MicroRNA-34a/CD44 Axis

Objective This study aimed to examine the role of long non-coding RNA PCED1B antisense RNA 1(PCED1B-AS1)in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods A total of 62 pairs of HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained from 62 HCC patients.The interactions of PCED1B-AS1 and microRNA-34a(miR-34a)were detected by dual luciferase activity assay and RNA pull-down assay.The RNA expression levels of PCED1B-AS1,miR-34a and CD44 were detected by RT-qPCR,and the protein expression level of CD44 was determined by Western blotting.The cell proliferation was detected by cell proliferation assay,and the cell invasion and migration by transwell invasion assay.The HCC tumor growth after PCED1B-AS1 was downregulated was determined by in vivo animal study.Results PCED1B-AS1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues,which was associated with poor survival of HCC patients.Furthermore,PCED1B-AS1 interacted with miR-34a in HCC cells,but they did not regulate the expression of each other.Additionally,PCED1B-AS1 increased the expression level of CD44,which was targeted by miR-34a.The cell proliferation and invasion assay revealed that miR-34a inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HCC in vitro,while CD44 exhibited the opposite effects.Furthermore,PCED1B-AS1 suppressed the role of miR-34a.Moreover,the knockdown of PCED1B-AS1 repressed the HCC tumor growth in nude mice in vivo.Conclusion PCED1B-AS1 may play an oncogenic role by regulating the miR-34a/CD44 axis in HCC.

The Chinese guideline for management of snakebites

In 2009,the World Health Organization included snakebite on the list of neglected tropical diseases,acknowledging it as a common occupational hazard for farmers,plantation workers,and others,causing tens of thousands of deaths and chronic physical disabilities every year.This guideline aims to provide practical information to help clinical professionals evaluate and treat snakebite victims.These recommendations are based on clinical experience and clinical research evidence.This guideline focuses on the following topics:snake venom,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,diagnosis,treatments,and prevention.

Predictive value of angiopoietin-like protein 8 in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and its progression:A case-control study

BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is rapidly increasing,currently affecting approximately 25%of the global population.Liver fibrosis represents a crucial stage in the development of MAFLD,with advanced liver fibrosis elevating the risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Simple serum markers are less effective in diagnosing liver fibrosis compared to more complex markers.However,imaging techniques like transient elastography face limitations in clinical application due to equipment and technical constraints.Consequently,it is imperative to identify a straightforward yet effective method for assessing MAFLD-associated liver fibrosis.AIM To investigate the predictive value of angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8)in MAFLD and its progression.METHODS We analyzed 160 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasonography in the Endocrinology Department,Xiaogan Central Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology,during September 2021-July 2022.Using abdominal ultrasonography and MAFLD diagnostic criteria,among the 160 patients,80 patients(50%)were diagnosed with MAFLD.The MAFLD group was divided into the liver fibrosis group(n=23)and non-liver fibrosis group(n=57)by using a cut-off fibrosis-4 index≥1.45.Logistical regression was used to analyze the risk of MAFLD and the risk factors for its progression.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of serum ANGPTL8 in MAFLD and its progression.RESULTS Compared with non-MAFLD patients,MAFLD patients had higher serum ANGPTL8 and triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index(both P<0.05).Serum ANGPTL8(r=0.576,P<0.001)and TyG index(r=0.473,P<0.001)were positively correlated with MAFLD.Serum ANGPTL8 was a risk factor for MAFLD[odds ratio(OR):1.123,95%confidence interval(CI):1.066-1.184,P<0.001).Serum ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL8+TyG index predicted MAFLD[area under the curve(AUC):0.832 and 0.886,respectively;both P<0.05].Compared with MAFLD patients without fibrosis,those with fibrosis had higher serum ANGPTL8 and TyG index(both P<0.05),and both parameters were positively correlated with MAFLD-associated fibrosis.Elevated serum ANGPTL8(OR:1.093,95%CI:1.044-1.144,P<0.001)and TyG index(OR:2.383,95%CI:1.199-4.736,P<0.013)were risk factors for MAFLD-associated fibrosis.Serum ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL8+TyG index predicted MAFLD-associated fibrosis(AUC:0.812 and 0.835,respectively;both P<0.05).CONCLUSION The serum levels of ANGPTL8 are elevated and positively correlated with MAFLD.They can serve as predictors for the risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis,with the ANGPTL8+TyG index potentially exhibiting even higher predictive value.

Overexpression of proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 6 protein and its clinicopathological significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Currently,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)poses a continuing,significant health challenge,but the relationship has yet to be established between ICC and the proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 6(PSMD6).AIM To investigate the protein expression and clinicopathological significance of PSMD6 in ICC.METHODS The potential impact of the PSMD6 gene on the growth of ICC cell lines was analyzed using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat knockout screening technology.Forty-two paired specimens of ICC and adjacent noncancerous tissues were collected.PSMD6 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to validate PSMD6 expression level,and its association with ICC patients’various clinicopathological characteristics was investigated.RESULTS The PSMD6 gene was found to be essential for the growth of ICC cell lines.PSMD6 protein was significantly overexpressed in ICC tissues(P<0.001),but showed no significant association with patient age,gender,pathological grade,or tumor-node-metastasis stage(P>0.05).CONCLUSION PSMD6 can promote the growth of ICC cells,thus playing a pro-oncogenic role.

A synthetic differencein-differences model for the influence of CR Express on Chongqing's economy

Purpose-The China-Europe Railway Express(CR Express)in Chongqing has operated regularly and undergone large-scale development.Its impact on Chongqing's economic growth has become increasingly evident,necessitating further research in this field.Design/methodology/approach-This study employs the opening of CR Express as a quasi-natural experiment,designating Chongqing,which inaugurated the CR Express in 2011,as the treatment group.13 provinces and cities that had not yet opened the CR Express until 2017 were selected as the control group.Utilizing panel data from 14 provinces across China spanning from 2006 to 2017,the synthetic control method(SCM)is employed to synthetically construct Chongqing.To quantify the difference in economic development levels between Chongqing with the operation of the CR express and Chongqing without its operation.Key metrics such as gross domestic product(GDP),per capita GDP,total retail sales of consumer goods,import and export value and the proportions of the secondary and tertiary industries are employed to measure urban economic development capabilities.Chongqing is designated as the experimental group,and a double-difference model is constructed to regress the operation of the CR Express against economic development capabilities.Robustness tests are conducted to validate the analytical results.Findings-The results indicate that,compared to provinces without the operation of the CR Express,the initiation of the CR Express in Chongqing significantly enhances the economic development level of the city.The opening of the CR Express exhibits a pronounced positive impact on Chongqing's economic development,and these findings remain robust and effective even after parallel trend tests and placebo tests.Originalitylvalue-The study represents an expansion of the theoretical framework.In contrast to previous studies that relied on a single indicator such as GDP,this study selects six indicators from the dimensions of economy,trade and industry to measure regional economic development capabilities.Furthermore,employing the grey relational analysis method,the study screens these indicators,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the selection of indicators for measuring regional economic development capabilities.

Effect and Value of Quality Nursing Intervention in Breastfeeding after Cesarean Section among Primigravid Women

Objective:To analyze the effect of using quality nursing care for primigravid women undergoing cesarean delivery.Methods:A total of 80 cases of primigravid women undergoing cesarean section from June 2022 to June 2023 were randomly selected.They were divided into two groups:Group A(40 cases)received routine care and Group B(40 cases)received quality care.The division was done using a computerized randomization method.The effects of the nursing care received in the two groups were compared.Conclusion:Quality nursing care for primigravid women undergoing cesarean section can enhance breastfeeding rates,alleviate maternal anxiety,improve feeding practices,and enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Effect of Prone Position Ventilation in Patients with Severe Craniocerebral Injury Complicated with Pulmonary Infection

Objective:To investigate the effects of prone ventilation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with pulmonary infection.Methods:A total of 100 patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with pulmonary infection in the hospital were randomly divided into a prone ventilation group and a conventional ventilation group,with 50 patients in each group.The Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score,APACHE II score,sputum culture results,oxygenation indicators,and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Data were processed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software,and t-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables,respectively.Results:The experimental group showed better oxygenation indicators,a lower positive rate of sputum cultures,and reduced intracranial pressure compared to the control group(all P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that GCS score,APACHE II score,and prone ventilation were independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Prone ventilation can improve oxygenation,reduce the risk of pulmonary infection,and decrease intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with pulmonary infection,thereby improving patient prognosis.GCS score and APACHE II score can serve as important indicators for prognostic evaluation.

Shuganheweitang Ameliorates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway: Involvement of Amino Acids, Glycerophospholipids, and Energy Metabolism

Background: Depression is a typical psychosomatic disease. Shuganheweitang (SGHWT) is a clinical formula that effectively treats depression. However, the potential mechanism used by SGHWT to ameliorate depression-like behaviors is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of SGHWT on metabolic change in the liver and hypothalamus with signaling pathways involved in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in rats to explore the mechanism of the anti-depressive effect. Methods: A total of 52 rats were used to create a model of depression by CUMS combined with solitary rearing for 6 weeks. Open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST), and body weight (BW) were performed to analyze the pharmacodynamic effects of SGHWT. H&E staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blot were used to evaluate the mechanism of action. Untargeted metabolomics techniques by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quantitative time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) were used to analyze all the metabolic differences in the liver and hypothalamus. Results: SGHWT improved CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in vivo. SGHWT reduced hepatic c-Fos protein expression and increased hypothalamic c-Fos protein expression. Moreover, p-PI3K, p-AKT473, p-AKT308, and p-mTOR protein expressions were significantly downregulated in the liver and hypothalamus of CUMS rats. Notably, these alterations were reversed by the SGHWT administration. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis identified 15 and 5 key differential SPT-associated metabolites in the liver and hypothalamus, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that SGHWT ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors, by the involvement of amino acids, glycerophospholipids, energy metabolism, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Highlights: 1) Shuganheweitang was derived from the TCM herbal formula Sinisan. 2) SGHWT treatment reverses depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats. 3) The mechanism of SGHWT on depression by the liver and hypothalamus metabolomics. 4) SGHWT regulates amino acids, glycerophospholipids, and energy metabolism. 5) SGHWT exerts antidepressant effects through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

An ultrasound-guided percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation regimen devised using finite element modeling promotes functional recovery after median nerve transection

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of an injured nerve can promote and accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration and improve function.When performing acupuncture and moxibustion,locating the injured nerve using ultrasound before percutaneous nerve stimulation can help prevent further injury to an already injured nerve.However,stimulation parameters have not been standardized.In this study,we constructed a multi-layer human forearm model using finite element modeling.Taking current density and activated function as optimization indicators,the optimal percutaneous nerve stimulation parameters were established.The optimal parameters were parallel placement located 3 cm apart with the injury site at the midpoint between the needles.To validate the efficacy of this regimen,we performed a randomized controlled trial in 23 patients with median nerve transection who underwent neurorrhaphy.Patients who received conventional rehabilitation combined with percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation experienced greater improvement in sensory function,motor function,and grip strength than those who received conventional rehabilitation combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.These findings suggest that the percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation regimen established in this study can improve global median nerve function in patients with median nerve transection.

The SmMYB36-SmERF6/SmERF115 module regulates the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Tanshinone and phenolic acids are the most important active substances of Salvia miltiorrhiza,and the insight into their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is an essential process to increase their content in vivo.SmMYB36 has been found to have important regulatory functions in the synthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid;paradoxically,its mechanism of action in S.miltiorrhiza is not clear.Here,we demonstrated that SmMYB36 functions as a promoter of tanshinones accumulation and a suppressor of phenolic acids through the generation of SmMYB36 overexpressed and chimeric SmMYB36-SRDX(EAR repressive domain)repressor hairy roots in combination with transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis.SmMYB36 directly down-regulate the key enzyme gene of primary metabolism,SmGAPC,up-regulate the tanshinones biosynthesis branch genes SmDXS2,SmGGPPS1,SmCPS1 and down-regulate the phenolic acids biosynthesis branch enzyme gene,SmRAS.Meanwhile,SmERF6,a positive regulator of tanshinone synthesis activating SmCPS1,was up-regulated and SmERF115,a positive regulator of phenolic acid biosynthesis activating SmRAS,was down-regulated.Furthermore,the seven acidic amino acids at the C-terminus of SmMYB36 are required for both self-activating domain and activation of target gene expression.As a consequence,this study contributes to reveal the potential relevance of transcription factors synergistically regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid.

Estimation of Lightning-Generated NO_(x) in the Mainland of China Based on Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Location Data

Lightning-generated nitrogen oxides(LNO_(x))have a major influence on the atmosphere and global climate change.Therefore,it is of great importance to obtain a more accurate estimation of LNO_(x).The aim of this study is to provide a reference for the accurate estimation of the total LNO_(x) in the mainland of China based on cloud-to-ground lightning(CG)location data from 2014 to 2018.The energy of each CG flash was based on the number of return strokes per CG flash,the peak current of each return stroke,and the assumed CG breakdown voltage.The energy of intracloud lightning(IC)was based on the estimated frequencies of IC and the assumed energy of each IC flash.Combining the energy of lightning and the number of nitric oxide(NO)molecules produced by unit energy(ρno),the total LNO_(x) production in the mainland of China was determined.The LNO_(x) in the mainland of China estimated in this study is in the range(0.157-0.321)×10^(9) kg per year[Tg(N)yr-1],which is on the high end of other scholars’works.Negative cloud-to-ground lightning(NCG)flashes produce the most moles of NO_(x),while positive cloud-to-ground lightning(PCG)flashes produce the least total moles of NO_(x).The breakdown voltage of PCG is greater than that of IC or NCG,while the latter has a greater output of LNO_(x).

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide ameliorates radiation-induced brain injury by regulating gut microbiota

Objective: To determine the extent to which Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP) improves60Co γ-ray radiation-induced brain injury(RIBI) by regulating the gut microbiota.Methods: The RIBI model of mice was established with the appropriate dose of60Co γ-ray to identify the changes in the body weight, behaviors, gut microbiota, and inflammatory reactions of mice. Mice were randomly divided into healthy, RIBI model, and LBP groups. The related inflammatory cytokines were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. Then, 16S rRNA sequencings of feces were carried out to evaluate the differences in intestinal flora.Results: Compared with the spontaneous activity and exploratory spirit of the healthy group, those traits in the RIBI model mice in the open field significantly decreased, the freezing time in the elevated plus maze(EPM) significantly increased, and the number of times the mice discriminated the novel object was significantly lower. Hematoxylin-eosin slides showed that the main histopathological changes of RIBI occurred in the hippocampus. In addition, the diversity and relative abundances ratio of the gut bacterial phylum, order, family, and genus in the model group varied widely. Changes in Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most obvious after head radiation exposure. In comparison, LBP could accelerate the recovery of weight loss in RIBI mice. The frequency that mice entered the center of the open field, facing the open arm in the EPM, and the number of times they discriminated the novel object were significantly increased with LBP administration. LBP could also reduce the levels of inflammatory factor caused by RIBI. LBP increased the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in RIBI model mice. In addition, LBP increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but decreased the levels of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria for irradiated mice.Conclusion: LBP can improve depression and tension by regulating the composition of gut microbiota,including lowering the relative abundance of Clostridia and Burkholderiales and raising that of Lactobacillales. Thus, LBP provides a new strategy for improving the protective effects of RIBI.

Realizing Highly Reversible Zinc Anode via Controlled-current Pre-deposition

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have been considered as the prominent candidate in the next-generation batteries for its low cost,safety and high theoretical capacity.Nonetheless,formation of zinc dendrites and side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface during the zinc plating/stripping process affect the cycling reversibility of the zinc anode.Regulation of the zinc plating/stripping process and realizing a highly reversible zinc anode is a great challenge.Herein,we applied a simple and effective approach of controlled-current zinc pre-deposition at copper mesh.At the current density of 40 mA cm^(-2),where the electron/ion transfers are both continuous and balanced,the Zn@CM-40 electrode with the(002)crystal plane orientation and the compactly aligned platelet morphology was successfully obtained.Compared with the zinc foil,the Zn@CM-40 exhibits greatly enhanced reversibility in the repeated plating/stripping(850 h at 1 mA cm^(-2))for the symmetric battery test.A series of characterization techniques including electrochemical analyses,XRD,SEM and optical microscopy observation,were used to demonstrate the correlation between the structure of pre-deposited zinc layer and the cycling stability.The COSMOL Multiphysics modeling demonstrates a more uniform electric field distribution in the Zn@CM than the zinc foil due to the aligned platelet morphology.Furthermore,the significant improvement is also achieved in a Zn||MnO_(2)full battery with a high capacity-retention(87%vs 47.8%).This study demonstrates that controlled-current electrodeposition represents an important strategy to regulate the crystal plane orientation and the morphology of the pre-deposited zinc layer,hence leading to the highly reversible and dendrite-free zinc anode for high-performance zinc ion batteries.

柞蚕胚胎对高温胁迫的耐受性及其遗传

为探索柞蚕胚胎对高温胁迫的耐受性及其遗传规律,对试验群体辽蚕527及5个亲本10个F1组合的柞蚕受精卵采取43℃以上的高温胁迫。结果表明:高温胁迫对不同发育阶段胚胎的影响存在显著差异。有效积温在5~10℃时对高温胁迫的耐受性最弱,而有效积温在20℃时对高温胁迫的耐受性最强。高温胁迫对胚胎生命力的影响存在显著差异,随着温度的升高,孵化率降低。高温胁迫也会延长胚胎的发育时期,并且对孵化整齐度产生重要影响,使孵化时间延长。不同品种对高温胁迫的耐受性存在显著差异,其中辽蚕527对高温胁迫的耐受性最强,小白蚕的耐受性最弱。遗传分析表明:柞蚕胚胎对高温胁迫的耐受性受4对主基因控制,主基因效应明显,其遗传率为91.97%,而微效多基因对其影响较小,遗传率仅为5.77%。综上,通过杂交后代胚胎对高温胁迫耐受性进行早期选择,可以选育出对高温胁迫耐受性强的柞蚕品种。