Bioinformatics Analysis of the Relationship between Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Chronic Heart Failure

Objective: To screen and analyze the differentially expressed genes between dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and chronic heart failure (CHF) based on bioinformatics methods. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used for data retrieval, and the chip data GSE3585 was downloaded, which was the original data of DCM and normal control group. At the same time, the chip data GSE76701 was downloaded, which was the original data of CHF and control group. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were screened by R language limma package, the data were standardized, and the common differentially expressed genes were screened. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the common differentially expressed genes. String11.0 online tool was used for data analysis to obtain differentially expressed genes, and the results were imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. The results were imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 software, and the common expression gene module was obtained by MOCDE algorithm. Nine Hub genes were obtained by 10 algorithms such as MCC. Results: A total of 248 differentially expressed genes were screened. GO analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in 9 different physiological and pathological processes. KEGG analysis showed that the main signaling pathways involved in differentially expressed genes were 2, and 9 key differentially expressed genes were predicted: NPPB, NPPA, MYH6, FRZB, ASPN, SFRP4, RPS4Y1, DDX3Y. Conclusion: This study preliminarily explored the molecular mechanism of DCM and CHF, and obtained the common differentially expressed genes of the two diseases. Further experimental studies are needed to verify the correlation between gene expression and clinicopathological features. Provide new ideas for clinical drug treatment research.

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Association between Ewing’s Sarcoma and Tuberculosis Comorbidity

Objective To screen and analyze the differentially expressed genes of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) and Tuberculosis (TB) by bioinformatics. Methods GEO gene chip public database in NCBI was used for data retrieval, and chip data GSE17674 and GSE57736 were selected as analysis objects. The R language limma toolkit was used to screen DEmRNAs, and the data were standardized, and the common differentially expressed genes were screened by Venn diagram. The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of common differentially expressed genes were analyzed by using the R cluster Profiler package. String database was selected for PPI analysis, and the results were imported into Cytoscape software to obtain PPI interaction map, core module and Hub gene. Import Hub gene into BioGPS database. Results: A total of 3 Hub genes were screened, namely CD3D, LCK, KLRB1;The genes were imported into BioGPS database to obtain the specific genes. Conclusion The selected differential genes and related signaling pathways are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of ES and TB, and can provide the basis for early diagnosis of ES complicated with TB. It also provides new ideas for clinical treatment and diagnosis.

基于SAW-YOLO v8n的葡萄幼果轻量化检测方法

葡萄簇幼果果实受背景色、遮挡和光照变化的影响,检测难度大。为了实现对背景色、遮挡和光照变化具有鲁棒性的葡萄簇幼果检测,提出了一种融合随机注意力机制(Shuffle attention,SA)的改进YOLO v8n模型(SAW-YOLO v8n)。通过在YOLO v8n模型的Neck结构中融入SA机制,增强网络多尺度特征融合能力,提升检测目标的特征信息表示,并抑制其他无关信息,提高检测网络检测精度,在不明显增加网络深度和内存开销的情况下,实现了葡萄簇幼果的高效准确检测;采用基于动态非单调聚焦机制的损失(Wise intersection over union loss,Wise-IoU Loss)作为边界框回归损失函数,加速网络收敛并进一步提高模型的准确率。构建了葡萄簇幼果的数据集GGrape,该数据集由3780幅复杂场景下的葡萄簇幼果图像及对应标注文件组成。通过该数据集对SAW-YOLO v8n模型进行训练和测试。测试结果表明,基于SAW-YOLO v8n的葡萄簇幼果检测算法的精度(Precision,P)、召回率(Recall,R)、平均精度均值(Mean average precision,mAP)和F1值分别为92.80%、91.30%、96.10%和92.04%,检测速度为140.85 f/s,模型内存占用量为6.20 MB。与SSD、YOLO v5s、YOLO v6n、YOLO v7-tiny、YOLO v8n等5个轻量化模型相比,其mAP值分别提高16.06%、1.05%、1.48%、0.84%、0.73%,F1值分别提高24.85%、1.43%、1.43%、1.09%、1.60%,模型内存占用量分别降低93.16%、56.94%、37.63%、47.00%、0,是所有模型中最小的,具有明显的轻量化、高精度优势。讨论了不同遮挡程度和光照条件的葡萄幼果检测,结果表明,基于SAW-YOLO v8n的葡萄幼果检测方法能适应不同遮挡和光照变化,具有良好的鲁棒性。结果表明,SAW-YOLO v8n不仅能满足对葡萄簇幼果检测的高精度、高速度、轻量化的要求,且具有较强的鲁棒性和实时性。

基于改进YOLOv8n模型的多品种葡萄簇检测方法

葡萄簇目标的精准检测是实现估产、采摘等作业的前提,现有方法难以实现多品种葡萄簇的轻量化精准检测。为提高复杂自然场景下多品种葡萄簇检测准确性、鲁棒性与泛化性,提出一种基于改进YOLOv8n模型的多品种葡萄簇检测模型ESIC-YOLOv8n,该模型在YOLOv8n的Backbone和Neck网络中分别添加EMA和SA注意力模块,以加强网络的特征提取和多尺度特征融合能力,降低因遮挡或重叠对葡萄簇检测的干扰,提高检测精度和召回率;在Head把CIoU替换成Inner-CIoU,利用辅助框提高重叠目标检测的准确性,从而提升模型整体的检测准确性和泛化性。ESIC-YOLOv8n模型的检测精度为87.00%,召回率为81.60%,mAP为88.90%,F1值为84.21%,较原YOLOv8n模型分别提高1.05%、2.90%、1.48%和2.00%。结果表明,ESIC-YOLOv8n模型具有准确率高、泛化性好、轻量化等优点,可为葡萄产量估计、采摘等研究提供技术支持。

两级过滤AnMBR反应器的运行效能和污染特性

构建以高分子滤布及附着在其表面动态膜作为反应器的一级过滤系统及聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜的二级过滤系统组成的两级过滤式An MBR(F-An MBR),探究其在低浓度市政污水处理中的应用效果.结果表明,亲水性较好的聚酰胺滤布,80μm滤布在12LMH运行通量下有效拦截污泥,动态膜形成后TSS拦截率超过88%,适于F-An MBR.一级过滤显著提高了An MBR的抗污染性,PVDF超滤膜的临界通量从6LMH提升至12LMH,膜污染速率及跨膜压差的增长速率明显下降.分析显示,动态膜组件降低了膜池中50%以上的MLSS、MLVSS和EPS等膜污染物质,有效延缓超滤膜滤饼层污染的形成.然而,动态膜组件对SMP的拦截相对较弱,溶解性蛋白质含量仅减少19.34%,限制了对凝胶层污染的改善.

类钙钛矿甲酸盐的线性和非线性光学响应

采用原位溶剂热法合成了2种混合有机阳离子杂化甲酸盐(CH(NH_(2))_(2))[RE(HCOO)_(4)](RE=Y、Er)。这2种材料是同构的(手性空间群C222_(1)),并具有有趣的类钙钛矿结构。进行了包括线性和非线性光学特性在内的光物理研究。(CH(NH_(2))_(2))[Y(HCOO)_(4)]和(CH(NH_(2))_(2))[Er(HCOO)_(4)]分别表现出5.59和5.61 e V的宽光学带隙,对应于222和221 nm的紫外吸收边缘。粉末倍频测量表明,(CH(NH_(2))_(2))[Y(HCOO)_(4)]和(CH(NH_(2))_(2))[Er(HCOO)_(4)]的倍频效应分别是基准KH_(2)PO_(4)(KDP)的0.32和0.37倍。测量得到(CH(NH_(2))_(2))[Y(HCOO)_(4)]和(CH(NH_(2))_(2))[Er(HCOO)_(4)]的双折射率分别为0.013和0.015。第一性原理研究表明,2个π共轭的(CH(NH_(2))_(2))^(+)和HCOO^(-)基团是光学性质的主要贡献者。

多模态影像引导经会阴前列腺靶向活检与系统活检的对比研究

目的:比较多模态影像引导经会阴(Transperineal,TP)靶向穿刺与TP系统穿刺前列腺癌(Prostate cancer,PCa)的检出率。方法:将120例临床疑似PCa患者随机分成系统组60例与靶向组60例,分别行TP穿刺活检,系统组每例12针,靶向组每例10~14针。靶向组患者穿刺前行多模态超声或/和多参数MRI(mp-MIR)检查,实施8+X(系统+可疑病灶)的穿刺策略。比较两组PCa检出率。结果:两组间PCa及无临床意义PCa检出率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而靶向组有临床意义PCa(Clinically significant prostate cancer,csPCa)的检出率高于系统组(χ^(2)=10.497,P=0.038)。靶向组中单针穿刺阳性率高于系统组(31.09%vs. 23.47%;χ^(2)=10.497,P=0.001)。两组间PCa患者Gleason评分分布差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.213,P=0.084)。两组患者术后均无严重并发症发生。结论:与TP系统穿刺对比,TP靶向穿刺csPCa的检出率更高,多模态影像在提高csPCa的检出率中具有临床应用价值。

Comprehensive study of the ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics in Sb_(2)Te_(3)–GeTe superlattices

Chalcogenide superlattices Sb_(2)Te_(3)-GeTe is a candidate for interfacial phase-change memory(iPCM) data storage devices.By employing terahertz emission spectroscopy and the transient reflectance spectroscopy together,we investigate the ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics and current transients in Sb_(2)Te_(3)-GeTe superlattices.Sample orientation and excitation polarization dependences of the THz emission confirm that ultrafast thermo-electric,shift and injection currents contribute to the THz generation in Sb_(2)Te_(3)-GeTe superlattices.By decreasing the thickness and increasing the number of GeTe and Sb_(2)Te_(3) layer,the interlayer coupling can be enhanced,which significantly reduces the contribution from circular photo-galvanic effect(CPGE).A photo-induced bleaching in the transient reflectance spectroscopy probed in the range of~1100 nm to~1400 nm further demonstrates a gapped state resulting from the interlayer coupling.These demonstrates play an important role in the development of iPCM-based high-speed optoelectronic devices.

Population genomic data reveal low genetic diversity,divergence and local adaptation among threatened Reeves's Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)

Population genomic data could provide valuable information for conservation efforts;however,limited studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic status of threatened pheasants.Reeves’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)is facing population decline,attributed to increases in habitat loss.There is a knowledge gap in understanding the genomic status and genetic basis underlying the local adaptation of this threatened bird.Here,we used population genomic data to assess population structure,genetic diversity,inbreeding patterns,and genetic divergence.Furthermore,we identified candidate genes linked with adaptation across the current distribution of Reeves’s Pheasant.The present study assembled the first de novo genome sequence of Reeves’s Pheasant and annotated 19,458 genes.We also sequenced 30 individuals from three populations(Dabie Mountain,Shennongjia,Qinling Mountain)and found that there was clear population structure among those populations.By comparing with other threatened species,we found that Reeves’s Pheasants have low genetic diversity.Runs of homozygosity suggest that the Shennongjia population has experienced serious inbreeding.The demographic history results indicated that three populations experienced several declines during the glacial period.Local adaptative analysis among the populations identified 241 candidate genes under directional selection.They are involved in a large variety of processes,including the immune response and pigmentation.Our results suggest that the three populations should be considered as three different conservation units.The current study provides genetic evidence for conserving the threatened Reeves’s Pheasant and provides genomic resources for global biodiversity management.

温阳祛毒方对重症感染患者血清炎症因子和免疫指标水平的影响及意义

目的观察温阳祛毒方对重症感染患者血清因子和免疫指标水平的影响。方法选择2023年1月至12月河南省直第三人民医院收治的86例重症感染患者作为研究对象。按患者档案顺序纳入,奇数为研究组,偶数为对照组,每组43例,对照组给予头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠治疗,研究组在对照组基础上加用温阳祛毒方[药物组成:制附子(先煎)30g,茯苓30g,白芍15g,赤芍15g,炒白术30g,干姜9g,炙甘草9g,桂枝15g,掌劳子15g,生龙骨15g,生牡蛎15g,党参12g,当归12g,细辛3g,五味子6g,大枣12g]治疗,水煎服,每日1剂,早晚各1次,连续服用7d。比较两组发热、呼吸困难、尿频尿急、咳痰程度等中医症状积分水平和血清中白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)及免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)]水平的差异,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果两组治疗后中医症状(发热、呼吸困难、尿频尿急、咳痰程度)积分和IL-10、CRP、EOS水平以及IgE、CD8^(+)均较治疗前明显降低,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均较治疗前明显升高,且研究组治疗后发热、呼吸困难、尿频尿急、咳痰程度积分和IL-10、CRP、EOS水平以及IgE、CD8^(+)均明显低于对照组[发热积分(分):1.36±0.30比2.57±0.46,呼吸困难积分(分):1.22±0.31比2.26±0.75,尿频尿急积分(分):1.30±0.39比2.33±0.82,咳痰程度积分(分):1.19±0.77比2.51±0.85,IL-10(ng/L):9.03±1.67比10.51±2.40,CRP(mg/L):4.68±1.33比7.82±2.53,E0S(×10^(9)/L):0.30±0.04比0.46±0.10,IgE(mg/L):104.62±10.73比135.68±14.64,CD8^(+):0.228±0.016比0.258±0.020,均P<0.05],CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均明显高于对照组(CD3^(+):0.636±0.044比0.567±0.055,CD4^(+):0.537±0.054比0.398±0.045,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+):1.76±0.51比1.55±0.39,均P<0.05)。治疗结束后发现研究组未出现不良反应,对照组出现恶心呕吐1例,胸闷1例,研究组和对照组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义[0(0/43)比0.05%(2/43)P>0.05]。结论温阳祛毒方能降低重症感染患者血清IL-1O、CRP、EOS水平,改善免疫功能,且安全性良好。

Research Progress on the Growth-Promoting Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Crops

A Plant Biostimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants to enhance nutrition efficiency,abioticstress tolerance,and/or crop quality traits,regardless of its nutrient content.The application of Plant biostimulants(PBs)in production can reduce the application of traditional pesticides and chemical fertilizers and improvethe quality and yield of crops,which is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.An in-depthunderstanding of the mechanism and effect of various PBs is very important for how to apply PBs reasonablyand effectively in the practice of crop production.This paper summarizes the main classification of PBs;Thegrowth promotion mechanism of PBs was analyzed from four aspects:improving soil physical and chemical properties,enhancing crop nutrient absorption capacity,photosynthesis capacity,and abiotic stress tolerance;At thesame time,the effects of PBs application on seed germination,seedling vigor,crop yield,and quality were summarized;Finally,how to continue to explore and study the use and mechanism of PBs in the future is analyzedand prospected,to better guide the application of PBs in crop production in the future.

红景天苷对血管生成及骨血管偶联的影响

目的探讨红景天苷对血管生成及骨血管偶联的影响。方法采用MTS法探究成骨细胞条件培养液对血管内皮细胞增殖活性的影响;采用Transwell小室迁移实验探究成骨细胞条件培养液对血管内皮细胞迁移数量的影响;Matrigel管腔形成实验探究成骨细胞条件培养液对管腔形成长度的影响;胎鼠跖骨血管生成实验用于研究红景天苷对内皮细胞出芽面积的影响。结果与条件培养液组比较,经红景天苷处理后的条件培养液组细胞活性明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);红景天苷组的血管内皮细胞的迁移数量及HUVEC管腔形成长度与条件培养液组相比显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);红景天苷和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)处理组的内皮细胞出芽面积均明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且上述作用均能被抗VEGF抗体Avastin阻断。结论红景天苷是一种较好的促血管生成药物单体,且可通过上调VEGF的表达水平促进骨血管偶联。

脑心健康管理师岗位培训方案的构建

目的构建脑心健康管理师岗位培训方案,为脑心健康管理师培训提供指导性方案。方法依据国家卫生健康委员会脑卒中防治工程委员会关于卒中中心建设和发展相关文件、脑心健康管理师岗位职责,结合国内脑心健康管理师培训现状,通过文献回顾法、小组讨论法构建脑心健康管理师岗位培训方案初稿。采用德尔菲专家咨询法,对来自6个省市9家三级甲等医院从事脑卒中医疗、护理、管理和教育工作的15名专家进行咨询论证,形成脑心健康管理师岗位培训方案。结果共进行了2轮专家咨询,2轮专家咨询问卷的有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数分别为0.913、0.917。最终形成的脑心健康管理师岗位培训方案包含准入条件(9个条目)、培训目标(5个条目)、培训内容(3个一级条目、8个二级条目、39个三级条目)及培训形式和考核评价(4个一级条目、10个二级条目)。结论所构建的脑心健康管理师岗位培训方案具备科学性和可靠性,可为脑心健康管理师规范化培训提供指导和借鉴,但有待在应用过程中不断完善。

Myricetin inhibits interferon-γ-induced programmed death ligand-1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in lung cancer cells

OBJECTIVE Programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)are immune checkpoints which can be induced by interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in the tumor microenvironment,leading to immune escape of tumors.Myricetin(MY)is a flavonoid distributed in many edible and medicinal plants.The aim of this study is to clarify the effect and the mechanism of MY on inhibiting IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 and IDO1 in lung cancer cells.METHODS Expressions of PD-L1 and major histocompatibility complex-I(MHC-I)were evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blotting,and the expression of IDO1 was measured by Western blotting.qRT-PCR was used to detect their mRNA levels.The function of T cells was evaluated using a co-culture system consist of lung cancer cells and the Jurkat-PD-1 T cell line that overexpressing PD-1.Molecular docking analysis,Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used for mechanism study.RESULTS MY potently inhibited IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 and IDO1 expression in human lung cancer cells,while didn't show obvious effect on the expression of MHC-I.In addition,MY restored the survival,proliferation,CD69 expression and interleukin-2(IL-2)secretion of Jurkat-PD-1 T cells suppressed by IFN-γ-treated lung cancer cells in the co-culture system.Mechanistically,IFN-γup-regulated PD-L1 and IDO1 at the transcriptional level through the JAK-STAT-IRF1 axis,which was targeted and inhibited by MY.CONCLUSION Our research revealed a new insight into the anti-tumor effects of MY which inhibited IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 and IDO1 expression,supporting the potential of MY in anti-tumor immunotherapy.

MIP-1α对人牙周膜干细胞骨向分化的影响及其机制

目的 探讨巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)对人牙周膜干细胞(hPDLSCs)增殖、迁移、骨向分化的影响及其可能的机制。方法 收集2020年11月-2021年10月在新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科门诊就诊的12~25岁患者拔除的健康牙(正畸减数前磨牙或阻生的第三磨牙)共16颗,组织块法联合酶消化法培养原代干细胞,并采用流式细胞术鉴定细胞表型。(1)细胞生物学特性实验:第3代hPDLSCs分为0(对照组)、1、10μg/ml MIP-1α组,各组再分别加入含体积分数为10%胎牛血清、100 U/ml青链霉素、2 mmol/L谷氨酰胺的α-MEM培养基,干预24、48、72 h后采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力,干预24 h后采用划痕实验检测各组细胞横向迁移能力。(2)对骨向分化的影响及可能的机制:第3代hPDLSCs分为0(对照组)、1、10μg/ml MIP-1α组,分别加入成骨诱导液,干预7 d后采用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色及半定量分析、干预14 d后采用茜素红染色及半定量分析检测细胞成骨能力;干预7 d后采用qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测成骨相关基因Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、转录因子SP7(Osterix)及Notch信号通路相关分子Notch1受体、Jagged1配体及下游因子Hey1的mRNA及蛋白表达情况。结果 流式细胞术检测结果显示,hPDLSCs STRO-1、CD146呈阳性表达,CD34呈阴性表达。(1)细胞生物学特性实验中,CCK-8法结果显示,与对照组比较,24、48 h时1、10μg/mlMIP-1α组hPDLSCsOD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);72 h时,与对照组比较,1μg/mlMIP-1α组hPDLSCs OD值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10μg/mlMIP-1α组hPDLSCsOD值明显增高(P<0.05)。划痕实验结果显示,与对照组比较,1μg/ml MIP-1α组细胞划痕愈合率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10μg/ml MIP-1α组划痕愈合率明显增高(P<0.05)。(2)对骨向分化的影响及可能的机制实验中,ALP染色及半定量结果显示,1、10μg/mlMIP-1α组ALP活性均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。茜素红染色及半定量结果显示,1、10μg/ml MIP-1α组矿化结节数量均明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR和Western blotting结果显示,与对照组比较,1μg/ml MIP-1α组hPDLSCs的成骨相关基因Runx2、OPN及Osterix mRNA及蛋白表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而10μg/ml MIP-1α组均明显降低(P<0.05)。1、10μg/ml MIP-1α组Notch1mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组比较,10μg/mlMIP-1α组Jagged1、Hey1mRNA及蛋白表达水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),而1μg/mlMIP-1α组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 MIP-1α可促进hPDLSCs增殖,抑制hPDLSCs骨向分化,其机制可能与抑制Notch信号通路的激活相关。

光刻胶辅助的石墨烯晶圆无损转移

为实现石墨烯在光通讯、光互联、太赫兹探测等电子和光电子领域的应用价值,需要在硅基衬底上得到大面积、均一且性能优异的石墨烯薄膜材料。而高品质石墨烯薄膜的制备衬底多为金属,因此制备的石墨烯薄膜不可避免地需要通过合适的转移方法,转移到目标应用衬底上。而转移过程通常会引入破损、褶皱和污染物,其原因之一是石墨烯转移和器件加工过程中表面反复涂覆和去除转移介质聚合物和光刻胶类聚合物。为避免反复涂覆与去除高分子聚合物,本文直接利用光刻胶作为转移介质,成功实现了石墨烯的洁净转移。同时,转移后石墨烯的电学性质得到明显改善,平均载流子迁移率可达6200 cm^(2)·V^(−1)·s^(−1)。此方法可实现石墨烯等二维材料无损、洁净转移和高性能器件的构筑,将有助于推动二维材料在电子、光电子器件领域的应用。

氟基封端小分子液晶加工改性聚碳酸酯

合成了一种氟基封端的小分子液晶4-[(4-甲氧基苯基)二腈基]苯基4-氟苯甲酸酯(MPFB)并应用于聚碳酸酯(PC)的加工改性。采用红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、偏光显微镜(POM)等方法对MPFB的结构和液晶性进行了表征。在PC中加入MPFB制备共混物,通过差式扫描量热仪(DSC)、熔体流动速率仪、旋转流变仪等对共混物的加工性能及相容性进行研究,并对其力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,MPFB在7%以下与PC完全相容,并极具增塑作用;当MPFB质量分数为5%时,相较于纯PC,PC/MPFB共混物的熔体质量流动速率(MFR)提升了100%,零切黏度降低了52%;同时拉伸强度与弯曲强度也得到了较大提高,分别提高了20.14%和18.13%。

耦合蝶形天线的石墨烯室温太赫兹探测器

高灵敏度、可室温下工作的太赫兹(THz)探测器是太赫兹在生物技术、量子传输、通信、成像等领域得以应用的关键。本文报道了一种石墨烯太赫兹探测器设计方法,该探测器通过将蝶形天线与石墨烯pn结构建至一个器件中,利用蝶形金属天线将波长为110 mm(2.7 THz)的太赫兹远场光汇聚至约800 nm的石墨烯THz吸收层,同时将这蝶形天线的两极设计为两个独立栅极,将800 nm的吸收层转变为可分离光电子的pn结区,通过增强局域光场增加太赫兹吸收,并同时增强光电子分离效率,将正交极化方向的消光比提升了1到2个数量级,在室温下实现了较低的噪声等效功率(NEP)~1 nW·Hz^(−1/2)。这一设计为太赫兹探测提供了新的技术路径。

糖尿病前期成年人综合健康生活方式与糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和死亡的关联--来自中、美、英三个国家的四个队列研究

在糖尿病前期人群中,采取健康的生活方式可以有效预防糖尿病的发生。然而,健康生活方式与心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)、癌症和死亡的长期风险之间的关联尚未阐明。本文旨在探究糖尿病前期人群中综合健康生活方式与上述多种健康结局之间的关联。本研究纳入的121254名糖尿病前期参与者来自以下4个前瞻性队列,包括中国的东风-同济队列(Dongfeng-Tongji,DFTJ)和开滦研究,英国生物银行(UK Biobank,UKB)和美国的国家健康与营养调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,NHANES;仅用于死亡分析)。随访期间,共诊断了18333例新发糖尿病病例、10829例新发心血管疾病病例、6926例新发癌症病例和9877例全因死亡。本文基于5个因素(从不吸烟或戒烟超过10年、适量饮酒、充足的体力活动、健康膳食和理想的腰围)构建综合健康生活方式评分。各因素均被分为健康水平(赋1分)和不健康水平(赋0分),评分的加和为综合健康生活方式评分(0~5分)。首先,采用Cox比例风险回归模型计算每个队列中综合健康生活方式评分与健康结局之间的关联;然后,通过随机效应模型的荟萃分析合并各独立队列结果的多变量校正的风险比(hazard ratio,HR)和95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)。与生活方式最不健康(评分为0~1分)的研究对象相比,生活方式最健康(评分为4~5分)的研究对象具有更低的糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和死亡风险,合并的HR(95%CI)分别为0.57(0.48~0.69)、0.67(0.62~0.73)、0.80(0.73~0.88)和0.54(0.42~0.70)。根据研究对象的基线人口学特征和代谢健康状况进行亚组分析的结果也与主要分析的结果一致。总而言之,本研究对来自三个国家的4个队列的合并分析表明,在糖尿病前期人群中,坚持更健康的生活方式与糖尿病及主要并发症的发生风险降低有关。本研究的发现为临床指南和公共卫生政策提供了可靠证据。

基于纯电动船舶应用实践的综合效益分析与推广

电动船舶是船舶行业发展最有前景的技术方向之一,是实现水上交通领域双碳目标的重要举措。聚焦近年来电动船舶推广现状,以江苏电动船舶的应用实践为例,通过试验数据分析了电动船舶的建设成本高、运营成本低、环境减排效益显著等特点。基于主要特征进一步研究了电动船舶推广机制,阐述了江苏实践的相关举措与成效,通过建设电动船舶配套充换电设施、降低电动船舶使用成本等方法,为现阶段电动船舶的规模化推广提供参考。