基于行为设计的儿童洗护品包装设计策略研究

为提升儿童在日常洗护过程中的体验感,从而培养儿童良好的日常卫生清洁习惯,同时提高儿童洗护品牌的服务质量与核心竞争力,从行为设计的角度为儿童洗护品包装提出相关设计策略。首先,通过线上与线下调研的方式了解当前市面上儿童洗护品包装设计现状,并归纳整理设计特点;然后,基于儿童洗护品包装设计现状与儿童对洗护行为的态度,明确在儿童洗护品包装设计中介入行为设计的合理性与必要性;最后,基于行为设计在儿童洗护品包装中的设计要点,结合福格行为模型与峰终定律,从提升用户动机、降低使用难度、增强包装行为提示效果、把握用户体验过程中的“峰值”与“终点”4个方面提出相关设计策略,并运用案例分析法诠释相关设计策略的具体实施方法,侧面印证了设计策略的可用性与可靠性,期望能为儿童洗护品包装设计提供新的设计思路。

可见光催化CO_(2)参与的芳基烯烃碳碳双键断键羧基化反应

烯烃广泛存在于自然界中,在医药、农药和材料等领域具有重要应用.烯烃的C=C键断裂和转化是许多工业过程的基础,可以实现烃类资源的重组与利用.目前,C=C键参与的氧化裂解和烯烃复分解反应已有广泛的研究.相比而言,C=C键参与的还原裂解虽然是烯烃与一系列亲电试剂反应合成功能分子的重要途径,但受限于烯烃自身结构和反应特点,该过程存在较大的挑战,目前研究很少.CO_(2)具有储量丰富、廉价易得、无毒且可循环再生等优点,是合成多种大宗化学品及精细化学品的理想碳一资源.然而,CO_(2)由于热力学稳定性及动力学惰性,在温和条件下难以高效、高选择性转化.因此,利用CO_(2)参与烯烃C=C键还原裂解,选择性构建高值化合物,是一个重要且具有挑战性的研究方向.近年来,可见光催化由于具有反应条件温和、官能团兼容性高等优点,为有机合成等领域提供了新的发展机遇.本文利用二环己基甲基胺作为电子给体,成功实现了可见光催化CO_(2)参与的芳基烯烃C=C键断键羧基化反应.该反应成功的关键在于,二环己基甲基胺既能高效还原淬灭激发态光敏剂并参与烯烃的胺基烷基-羧基化反应,又不明显抑制胺基烷基化中间体对激发态光敏剂的还原淬灭.研究结果表明,多种不同取代(如给电子基和吸电子基)的芳基烯烃均可与CO_(2)发生羧基化反应,高效高选择性地构建了一系列官能团丰富的芳基乙酸类化合物(如萘普生等药物分子).该方法具有反应条件温和(1 atm,室温)、官能团耐受性好以及可用于合成药物衍生物等特点.此外,本文通过氘代实验等机理研究和密度泛函理论计算证明,胺甲基羧化中间体、苄基自由基和苄基碳负离子都是该反应的关键中间体,并提出了可能的反应机理:首先,二环己基甲基胺还原淬灭激发态光敏剂,产生α-胺基碳自由基,与芳基烯烃发生自由基加成反应,得到苄基自由基,进而被还原态光敏剂还原为碳负离子,对CO_(2)亲核进攻得到烯烃的胺基烷基-羧基化中间体;作为电子给体,该中间体可以淬灭另一分子的激发态光敏剂,并通过分子内去质子化过程,产生α-胺基碳自由基物种,进而经历自由基型β-C断裂,生成热力学更稳定的羧基化苄基自由基,从而实现了烯烃C=C键的还原裂解;最后,新产生的苄基自由基被进一步还原为碳负离子,经历质子化过程后得到目标产物.综上,本文以还原裂解的方式丰富了C=C键断键官能团化反应领域,在温和条件下实现了CO_(2)的高效高选择性转化,合成了高附加值的芳基乙酸类化合物,阐明了反应机制,为烯烃和CO_(2)的同时高值化利用提供了新思路,为后续相关反应的开发和应用提供参考.

Marker Ki-67 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer based on two cohorts

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer(PCa)is a widespread malignancy,predominantly affecting elderly males,and current methods for diagnosis and treatment of this disease continue to fall short.The marker Ki-67(MKI67)has been previously demonstrated to correlate with the proliferation and metastasis of various cancer cells,including those of PCa.Hence,verifying the association between MKI67 and the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa,using bioinformatics databases and clinical data analysis,carries significant clinical implications.AIM To explore the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of antigens identified by MKI67 expression in PCa.METHODS For cohort 1,the efficacy of MKI67 diagnosis was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx)databases.For cohort 2,the diagnostic and prognostic power of MKI67 expression was further validated using data from 271 patients with clinical PCa.RESULTS In cohort 1,MKI67 expression was correlated with prostate-specific antigen(PSA),Gleason Score,T stage,and N stage.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed a strong diagnostic ability,and the Kaplan-Meier method demonstrated that MKI67 expression was negatively associated with the progression-free interval(PFI).The time-ROC curve displayed a weak prognostic capability for MKI67 expression in PCa.In cohort 2,MKI67 expression was significantly related to the Gleason Score,T stage,and N stage;however,it was negatively associated with the PFI.The time-ROC curve revealed the stronger prognostic capability of MKI67 in patients with PCa.Multivariate COX regression analysis was performed to select risk factors,including PSA level,N stage,and MKI67 expression.A nomogram was established to predict the 3-year PFI.CONCLUSION MKI67 expression was positively associated with the Gleason Score,T stage,and N stage and showed a strong diagnostic and prognostic ability in PCa.

新型材料摊铺机在特殊路面铺设施工中的设计与应用优化

为了提高特殊路面铺设施工的质量,论文分析了新型材料摊铺机对特殊路面铺设质量的影响。研究结果表明,相比传统的摊铺机,新型材料摊铺机在铺设特殊路面时,能更加均匀地分散压力,降低路面裂缝的产生;其特有的抗震性和延展性可以有效提高路面的稳定性和使用寿命。同时,新型摊铺机的自动化程度高,操作灵活,大大降低了人工误差,提高了铺设精度。此外,新型材料摊铺机还通过减少路面铺设过程中的材料浪费,降低了铺设成本,提高了经济效益。总的来说,新型材料摊铺机对提高特殊路面铺设的质量具有重要的意义,其应用有助于推动路面铺设技术的发展,提高路面的使用性能和服务寿命。

基于社交媒体的公众和医务人员对护士处方权态度的文本挖掘研究

目的通过文本挖掘方法对社交媒体信息进行分析,揭示公众和医务人员对护士处方权的关注点和态度。方法使用Python工具自动挖掘2017年1月1日至2022年11月1日在4个中文互联网平台上发布的与关键词“护士开处方”“处方”相关的文本。这4个互联网平台包括知乎、微博.爱爱医医学论坛、丁香园医学论:坛。通过Snow自然语言处理、贝叶斯隐含狄利克雷分布和Boson自然语言处理方法对数据进行人员类别分析、主题分析和情感分析。在主题和情感分析结果的基础上,使用Nvivo11进行内容分析。结果在4个互联网平台.上共获得2 823条评论,计92 859字。分析结果显示,公众和医务人员对护士开处方持否定态度的较多,少数持谨慎的积极态度。公众关注护士处方对医务人员的影响以及对护士能力的要求;医务人员关注护士处方在中国的现状和未来,以及实施护士处方的困难。结论护士应通过努力提高专业能力和自我管理能力,逐步获得公众和医生群体对其专业水平和能力的认可。护士管理者和教育者需要认识到护士处方权的优势,并通过推动立法、教育和提高对护士处方权的认识来应对实施过程中的挑战和问题。

Analysis of flavor and widely metabolomics differences in black sesame before and after processing

The objective of this study was to determine the differences of aroma and taste in three black sesame originsbefore and after processing via flavor and widely metabolomics.By analyzing the sensory characteristics and metabolites of raw and treated black sesame from China,Vietnam,and Myanmar,treated Chinese sesame have the most significant change in hardness after thermal processing,low viscosity and was easy to chew.The electronic nose could distinguish between raw and treated sesame due to the aroma distribution.The reason of treated sesame from China was“fragrant”is due to the highest content(2545.50μg/kg)of total pyrazines including 2,5-dimethylpyrazine,2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine,2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine,3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine.933 metabolites were detected via a wide targeted metabolomics in the taste of raw and treated sesame.Based on the analysis of metabolites related to bitterness,145 substances were selected.The main bitter contributors may be amino acids,dipeptides and organic acids.

Correction to:Marker Ki-67 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer based on two cohorts

This is an erratum to the published paper titled“Marker Ki-67 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer based on two cohorts”.We have discovered that Reference 4 was cited incorrectly.We sincerely apologize for this inadvertent error.Please note that these corrections do not impact our results.

Comparison of different surrogate markers of muscle mass for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer

Background:This study compared the validity of the creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio(CCR),sarcopenia index(SI),and relative skeletalmuscle index(RSMI)as predictors of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and explored their impact on the patient prognosis.Methods:We retrospectively studied patients with CRC who underwent surgical intervention at the Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery,situatedwithin the First Affiliated Hospital of GuangxiMedical University.The investigation spanned from January 2015 to December 2017,encompassing a cohort of patients subject to surgical management forCRC during this period.Pearson’s correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the relationships between the CCR,SI,RSMI,and skeletal muscle index(SMI)and the patient prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated to evaluate the predictive precision of these biomarkers and ascertain the optimal cutoff values.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to pinpoint the independent factors linked with sarcopenia.Survival analyses,contingent on different surrogate markers of muscle mass and sarcopenia,were performed utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method alongside the log-rank test.Results:Weenrolled 815 patientswithCRC(522 male and 293 female patients)whowere eligible for the analysis.In accordancewith the guidelines set forth by the International Consensus on Sarcopenia,sarcopenia was diagnosed in a collective total of 503 patients.A Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r)analysis demonstrated that the CCR,SI,and RSMI were positively correlated with the SMI.In both male and female patients,the RSMI(male:r=0.400,P<0.001;female:r=0.640,P<0.001)was more strongly correlated with the SMI than with the CCR(male:r=0.203,P<0.001;female:r=0.192,P<0.001)or SI(male:r=0.335,P<0.001;female:r=0.285,P<0.001).In male patients,the areas under the ROC curves(AUC)for the CCR,SI,and RSMI were 0.596[(95%confidence interval(CI)=0.545-0.647)],0.648(95%CI=0.599-0.698),and 0.681(95%CI=0.629-0.733),respectively.In female patients,the AUC for the CCR,SI,and RSMI were 0.615(95%CI=0.551-0.680),0.660(95%CI=0.598-0.722),and 0.772(95%CI=0.719-0.825),respectively.A multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the CCR remained an influential factor for sarcopenia after correcting for confounding[odds ratio(OR)=0.993,95%CI=0.986-1.000,P=0.038].The SI and RSMI also remained influential factors for sarcopenia after correcting for confounding factors(OR=0.983,95%CI=0.972-0.994,P=0.002;and OR=0.401,95%CI=0.320-0.502,P<0.001,respectively).The groups characterized by low CCR and SI demonstrated notably reduced overall survival compared with their counterparts with high CCR and SI(P=0.007 and P=0.001,respectively),whereas the RSMI and sarcopenia did not exhibit a significant correlation with survival(P=0.608 and P=0.062,respectively).Conclusions:The CCR,SI,and RSMI all have predictive value for sarcopenia in patients with CRC.TheRSMI was a better predictor of sarcopenia than either the CCR or SI in both male and female patientswith CRC.However,the RSMI did not have any significant value for predicting the prognosis of patients with CRC.Subsequent prospective investigations are warranted to elucidate a superiormarker or amalgamation thereof,capable of accurately prognosticating sarcopenia and the overall prognosis in individuals diagnosed with CRC.Such studies should aim to meticulously evaluate a comprehensive array of potential markers,considering their individual and collective predictive value in delineating the clinical trajectory of CRC patients.By conducting rigorous prospective analyses,researchers can strive to uncover novel insights into the complex interplay between sarcopenia and CRC outcomes,thereby facilitating the development of more precise prognostic models and tailored therapeutic approaches.

护理人员心理健康现状分析及预防对策——基于护理人员心理健康状态情况的实证研究

本文选取川北医学院附属医院于2020年1月至2022年6月就职护理人员100例作为研究对象,采用文献分析法、问卷调查法、统计分析法对本院就职护理人员的一般资料情况、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(21-Item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale,DASS-21)情况进行分析,并根据护理人员心理健康现状提出可行性预防对策。研究结果表明护理人员心理健康现状比较正常,少部分患者焦虑和压力心理比较严重,临床上可以采用重视心理学知识普及教育、医务社会工作干预医务人员焦虑、建立医务人员持续的社会支持系统等对策进行预防。

NLRP3炎症小体在糖尿病视网膜病变神经血管单元损伤中的机制研究

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是神经血管单元(NVU)损伤导致的神经血管性疾病,免疫失衡和炎症反应是影响NVU正常功能,并导致DR进展的关键因素。核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体是一种参与疾病炎症反应的蛋白复合体,其可识别内源性危险信号,激活caspase-1,诱发一系列炎症因子的活化和细胞焦亡。炎症小体的适度激活可以维持和激发固有免疫,抵御细菌和病毒感染;炎症小体过度激活则导致炎症因子的过量表达和持续作用,引发免疫紊乱和炎症级联反应,从而对机体产生严重损伤。本文就近年来NLRP3炎症小体在DR神经血管损伤中的机制及相关药物的调控研究进行综述。

幽门螺杆菌与眼部疾病相关性研究进展

幽门螺杆菌是一种常见的革兰氏阴性细菌,与多种消化系统疾病有关,如胃炎、十二指肠溃疡和胃癌等。近年来的研究显示幽门螺杆菌也和一些常见的眼科疾病有关,如中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变、青光眼、前葡萄膜炎、眼附属器淋巴瘤等。幽门螺杆菌可能通过氧化损伤、循环障碍和免疫损伤等方式影响眼部疾病的病理生理过程。也有一些研究提示根除幽门螺杆菌对某些眼病有一定效果。本文对幽门螺杆菌在常见眼部疾病发生发展中的机制进行综述,深入探讨幽门螺杆菌与常见眼部疾病的关系可为有些眼病的预防或治疗提供新的思路。

High threshold voltage enhancement-mode GaN p-FET with Sirich LPCVD SiN_(x) gate insulator for high hole mobility

In this work,the GaN p-MISFET with LPCVD-SiN_(x) is studied as a gate dielectric to improve device performance.By changing the Si/N stoichiometry of SiN_(x),it is found that the channel hole mobility can be effectively enhanced with Si-rich SiN_(x) gate dielectric,which leads to a respectably improved drive current of GaN p-FET.The record high channel mobility of 19.4 cm2/(V∙s)was achieved in the device featuring an Enhancement-mode channel.Benefiting from the significantly improved channel mobility,the fabricated E-mode GaN p-MISFET is capable of delivering a decent-high current of 1.6 mA/mm,while simultaneously featuring a negative threshold-voltage(VTH)of–2.3 V(defining at a stringent criteria of 10μA/mm).The device also exhibits a well pinch-off at 0 V with low leakage current of 1 nA/mm.This suggests that a decent E-mode operation of the fabricated p-FET is obtained.In addition,the VTH shows excellent stability,while the threshold-voltage hysteresisΔVTH is as small as 0.1 V for a gate voltage swing up to–10 V,which is among the best results reported in the literature.The results indicate that optimizing the Si/N stoichiometry of LPCVD-SiN_(x) is a promising approach to improve the device performance of GaN p-MISFET.

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路介导胶质瘤上皮间质转化的研究进展

胶质母细胞瘤是中枢神经系统中一种具有高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,其发病机制尚不明确,且缺乏特异性的诊疗措施,病死率仍然居高不下。因此,亟须探索胶质瘤扩散、浸润的机制和开发新型治疗措施。上皮间质转化(EMT)在胶质瘤扩散、浸润的调控中发挥关键作用,已被证实与胶质瘤侵袭、迁移和治疗抵抗有关,而Wnt/β-catenin信号通路可介导EMT参与人体多种病理生理过程,此外,微小RNA可以与EMT相互作用进而影响细胞的生物学行为。该文通过综述Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对胶质瘤EMT的影响及针对该进程不同的干预措施,为该领域的研究提供参考。

Optimization of Multi-Execution Modes and Multi-Resource-Constrained Offshore Equipment Project Scheduling Based on a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

Offshore engineering construction projects are large and complex,having the characteristics of multiple execution modes andmultiple resource constraints.Their complex internal scheduling processes can be regarded as resourceconstrained project scheduling problems(RCPSPs).To solve RCPSP problems in offshore engineering construction more rapidly,a hybrid genetic algorithmwas established.To solve the defects of genetic algorithms,which easily fall into the local optimal solution,a local search operation was added to a genetic algorithm to defend the offspring after crossover/mutation.Then,an elitist strategy and adaptive operators were adopted to protect the generated optimal solutions,reduce the computation time and avoid premature convergence.A calibrated function method was used to cater to the roulette rules,and appropriate rules for encoding,decoding and crossover/mutation were designed.Finally,a simple network was designed and validated using the case study of a real offshore project.The performance of the genetic algorithmand a simulated annealing algorithmwas compared to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.

Angular disturbance prediction for countermeasure launcher in active protection system of moving armored vehicle based on an ensemble learning method

The active protection system(APS),usually installed on the turret of armored vehicles,can significantly improve the vehicles’survivability on the battlefield by launching countermeasure munitions to actively intercept incoming threats.However,uncertainty over the launch angle of the countermeasure is increased due to angular disturbances when the off-road armored vehicle is moving over rough terrain.Therefore,accurate and comprehensive angular disturbance prediction is essential to the real-time monitoring of the countermeasure launch angle.In this paper,a deep ensemble learning(DEL)-based approach is proposed to predict the angular disturbances of the countermeasure launcher in the APS based on previous time-series information.In view of the intricate temporal attribute of angular disturbance prediction,the sampling information of historical time series measured by an inertial navigation device is adopted as the input of the developed DEL model.Then,the recursive multi-step(RMS)prediction strategy and multi-output(MO)prediction strategy are combined with the DEL model to perform the final angular disturbance prediction for the countermeasure launcher in the APS of a moving armored vehicle.The proposed DEL model is validated by using the different datasets from real experiments.The results reveal that this approach can be used to accurately predict angular disturbances,with the maximum absolute error of each DOF less than 0.1°.

Analogue Black Holes in Reactive Molecules

We show that reactive molecules with a unit probability of reaction naturally provide a simulator of some intriguing black hole physics.The unit reaction at the short distance acts as an event horizon and delivers a one-way traffic for matter waves passing through the potential barrier when two molecules interact by high partialwave scatterings or dipole-dipole interactions.In particular,the scattering rate as a function of the incident energy exhibits a thermal-like distribution near the maximum of the interaction energy in the same manner as a scalar field scatters with the potential barrier outside the event horizon of a black hole.Such a thermal-like scattering can be extracted from the temperature-dependent two-body loss rate measured in experiments on KRb and other molecules.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital infantile fibrosarcoma and congenital hemangioma: Three case reports

BACKGROUND Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma(CIF)and congenital hemangioma(CH)have similarities on prenatal ultrasound and are rare.CASE SUMMARY We report 3 cases of fetuses with superficial hypervascular tumors,confirmed by postnatal pathology as CIF(1 case)and CH(2 cases,including 1 in a twin fetus).In Case 1,a mass with a rich blood supply in the fetal axilla was discovered by prenatal ultrasound at 28+0 wk of gestation.The postpartum pathological diagnosis was CIF,the mass was surgically removed,and the prognosis of the child was good.In Case 2,at 23+1 wk of gestation,a mass was discovered at the base of the fetus’s thigh on prenatal ultrasound.The postpartum pathological diagnosis was CH.After conservative treatment,the mass shrank significantly.Case 3 occurred in a twin fetus.At 30+0 wk of gestation,prenatal ultrasound revealed a bulging mass with a rich blood supply on the abdominal wall of one of the fetuses.Three weeks later,the affected fetus died,and the unaffected baby was successfully delivered by emergency cesarean section.The affected fetus was pathologically diagnosed with CH.CONCLUSION Prenatal ultrasound can provide accurate information,such as the location,size and blood supply of a surface mass in a fetus.We found similarities between CIF and CH in prenatal ultrasound findings.Although it is difficult to distinguish these conditions by prenatal ultrasound alone,for superficial hypervascular tumors that rapidly increase in size in a short period,close ultrasound monitoring of the fetus is required to quickly address possible adverse outcomes.

乡村振兴背景下装配式建筑的应用探究

在乡村振兴的战略背景下,房屋建筑作为见证农村变迁的重要一员,关乎着广大农民的生活质量,对于推动乡村振兴具有举足轻重的作用。当前农村住宅受到当地施工队伍,相关部门政策以及居民认知不足等因素的共同影响,在设计规划,结构安全等方面都存在着较多的问题。绿色装配式建筑作为中国建筑业的重要拐点,已然成为提升居民住房质量和加强绿色施工理念的着力点;探究如何将装配式建筑大规模引入乡村建设,从降低构件造价,完善技术系统,提高居民认知等方面作为切入点,对于改善乡村居民生活质量,建设美丽乡村以及加快乡村振兴步伐都有着极其重要而又深远的意义。

眼的生物钟调控机制研究进展

生物体内存在自主性的近24h为周期的振荡,即昼夜节律。生物钟是调节机体昼夜节律的时钟系统,由中央和外周生物钟共同组成。生物钟基因及其编码的蛋白质组成转录-翻译振荡环路,通过神经传导和体液途径输出信号,进而实现对机体生理生化和行为昼夜节律的调控作用。哺乳动物的眼球包含一个完整的生物钟系统,该系统可调节眼球重要的生理功能和多种参数的昼夜节律变化,各种原因引起的生物钟基因异常,将影响眼球的昼夜节律,并可能导致眼部疾病的发生发展。因此,眼部疾病的发病机制及临床表现具有昼夜变化的特点,生物钟基因表达的改变不仅参与了眼部疾病的病理生理过程,还可能是疾病预防和治疗的重要靶点。本文介绍了角膜疾病、青光眼、近视的昼夜节律特点及相关生物钟调控机制。深入探究生物钟与眼部疾病的关系可为眼部疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路。

Expenditure and financial burden for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in China:a hospital.based,multicenter,cross-sectional survey

Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment. We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014. Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.163 USD). We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup(hospital type, age at diagnosis, sex, education, occupation, insurance type, household income, clinical stage, pathologic type, and therapeutic regimen). We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results: A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included, 57.1 % of whom were men; 13.9% of patients had stage I cancer; and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY, and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY, 59,952 CNY, 67,292 CNY, and 82,729 CNY, respectively. Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3%of the overall expenditure. The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY, which accounted for 59.9% of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0% of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden. Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P < 0.05), except for sex. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spend more,whereas those with a lower household income and those who underwent surgery spent less(all P < 0.05).Conclusions: For patients in China, direct expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC seemed catastrophic,and non-medical expenditure was non-ignorable. The financial burden varied among subgroups, especially among patients with different clinical stages of disease, which suggests that, in China, CRC screening might be cost-effective.