BACKGROUND Frailty is a complex aging-related syndrome characterized by a cumulative loss of physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to adverse clinical outcomes,including falls,disability,incapacity and dea...BACKGROUND Frailty is a complex aging-related syndrome characterized by a cumulative loss of physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to adverse clinical outcomes,including falls,disability,incapacity and death.While an increasing number of studies suggest that the gut microbiota may play a key role in the pathophy-siology of frailty,direct evaluation of the association between gut microbiome alterations and frailty in older adults remains limited.AIM Seven electronic databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,SinoMed,Wanfang,PubMed,Web of Science and EMBASE)were searched for articles published before October 31,2023 to identify observational studies that compared the microbiomes of older adults with and without frailty.The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were the main outcomes used to analyze the associations of changes in the gut microbiota with frailty in older adults.The quality of the included studies was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.RESULTS Eleven observational studies with 912 older adults were included in this review.Consistent results revealed a significant difference in the gut microbiota composition between frail and non-frail older adults,with a significant decrease inαdiversity and a significant increase inβdiversity in frail older adults.The pooled results revealed that at the phylum level,four microbiota(Actinobacteria,Proteo-bacteria,Verrucomicrobia and Synergistetes)were significantly enriched,and two microbiota(Firmicutes and Fusobacteria)were significantly depleted in frail older adults.At the family level,the results consistently revealed that the abundances of 6 families,most of which belong to the Actinobacteria or Proteo-bacteria phylum,were greater in frail than in non-frail older adults.At the genus or species level,consistent results from more than two studies revealed that the abundances of the genera Prevotella,Faecalibacterium,and Roseburia were significantly lower in frail older adults;individual studies revealed that the abundances of some genera or species(e.g.,Megamonas,Blautia,and Megasphaera)were significantly lower,whereas those of other genera or species(e.g.,Bifidobacterium,Oscillospira,Ruminococcus and Pyramidobacter)were significantly greater in frail older adults.CONCLUSION This systematic review suggests that changes in the gut microbiota are associated with frailty in older adults,which is commonly reflected by a reduction in beneficial species and an increase in pathogenic species.However,further studies are needed to confirm these findings.展开更多
目的研究血管平滑肌细胞钙化中受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(Ripk3)调控钙磷沉积、细胞骨分化和细胞凋亡的作用。方法采用β磷酸甘油和氯化钙培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞诱导钙化。实验随机分为4组:对照组、钙化组、Ripk3^(-/-)组、钙化+Rip...目的研究血管平滑肌细胞钙化中受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(Ripk3)调控钙磷沉积、细胞骨分化和细胞凋亡的作用。方法采用β磷酸甘油和氯化钙培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞诱导钙化。实验随机分为4组:对照组、钙化组、Ripk3^(-/-)组、钙化+Ripk3^(-/-)组(联合组)。使用茜素红S染色检测血管平滑肌细胞钙化情况,同时测定细胞内Ca^(2+)含量和碱性磷酸酶活性。Western blot法测定Runt相关转录因子2、骨形态发生蛋白2和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达。结果血管平滑肌细胞钙化3、7 d的Ripk3表达较钙化前明显增加,14 d的Ripk3表达较7 d明显增加,并达到最高值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组和Ripk3^(-/-)组比较,钙化组Ca^(2+)、碱性磷酸酶活性、Runt相关转录因子2、骨形态发生蛋白2、细胞凋亡率和活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与钙化组比较,联合组Ca^(2+)和碱性磷酸酶活性明显降低[(102.8±12.8)nmol/mg vs(457.1±51.2)nmol/mg,(136.1±15.4)U/mg vs(412.2±46.7)U/mg,P<0.05],Runt相关转录因子2和骨形态发生蛋白2表达明显降低(1.07±0.15 vs 1.84±0.23,1.27±0.14 vs 3.01±0.25,P<0.05)。与钙化组比较,联合组细胞凋亡率和活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义[(15.8±3.9)%vs(31.1±4.2)%,1.19±0.14 vs 2.21±0.23,P<0.05]。结论Ripk3通过促进钙磷沉积、细胞骨分化和细胞凋亡起到加重血管钙化的作用。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Frailty is a complex aging-related syndrome characterized by a cumulative loss of physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to adverse clinical outcomes,including falls,disability,incapacity and death.While an increasing number of studies suggest that the gut microbiota may play a key role in the pathophy-siology of frailty,direct evaluation of the association between gut microbiome alterations and frailty in older adults remains limited.AIM Seven electronic databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP,SinoMed,Wanfang,PubMed,Web of Science and EMBASE)were searched for articles published before October 31,2023 to identify observational studies that compared the microbiomes of older adults with and without frailty.The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were the main outcomes used to analyze the associations of changes in the gut microbiota with frailty in older adults.The quality of the included studies was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.RESULTS Eleven observational studies with 912 older adults were included in this review.Consistent results revealed a significant difference in the gut microbiota composition between frail and non-frail older adults,with a significant decrease inαdiversity and a significant increase inβdiversity in frail older adults.The pooled results revealed that at the phylum level,four microbiota(Actinobacteria,Proteo-bacteria,Verrucomicrobia and Synergistetes)were significantly enriched,and two microbiota(Firmicutes and Fusobacteria)were significantly depleted in frail older adults.At the family level,the results consistently revealed that the abundances of 6 families,most of which belong to the Actinobacteria or Proteo-bacteria phylum,were greater in frail than in non-frail older adults.At the genus or species level,consistent results from more than two studies revealed that the abundances of the genera Prevotella,Faecalibacterium,and Roseburia were significantly lower in frail older adults;individual studies revealed that the abundances of some genera or species(e.g.,Megamonas,Blautia,and Megasphaera)were significantly lower,whereas those of other genera or species(e.g.,Bifidobacterium,Oscillospira,Ruminococcus and Pyramidobacter)were significantly greater in frail older adults.CONCLUSION This systematic review suggests that changes in the gut microbiota are associated with frailty in older adults,which is commonly reflected by a reduction in beneficial species and an increase in pathogenic species.However,further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
文摘目的研究血管平滑肌细胞钙化中受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(Ripk3)调控钙磷沉积、细胞骨分化和细胞凋亡的作用。方法采用β磷酸甘油和氯化钙培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞诱导钙化。实验随机分为4组:对照组、钙化组、Ripk3^(-/-)组、钙化+Ripk3^(-/-)组(联合组)。使用茜素红S染色检测血管平滑肌细胞钙化情况,同时测定细胞内Ca^(2+)含量和碱性磷酸酶活性。Western blot法测定Runt相关转录因子2、骨形态发生蛋白2和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达。结果血管平滑肌细胞钙化3、7 d的Ripk3表达较钙化前明显增加,14 d的Ripk3表达较7 d明显增加,并达到最高值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组和Ripk3^(-/-)组比较,钙化组Ca^(2+)、碱性磷酸酶活性、Runt相关转录因子2、骨形态发生蛋白2、细胞凋亡率和活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与钙化组比较,联合组Ca^(2+)和碱性磷酸酶活性明显降低[(102.8±12.8)nmol/mg vs(457.1±51.2)nmol/mg,(136.1±15.4)U/mg vs(412.2±46.7)U/mg,P<0.05],Runt相关转录因子2和骨形态发生蛋白2表达明显降低(1.07±0.15 vs 1.84±0.23,1.27±0.14 vs 3.01±0.25,P<0.05)。与钙化组比较,联合组细胞凋亡率和活化的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义[(15.8±3.9)%vs(31.1±4.2)%,1.19±0.14 vs 2.21±0.23,P<0.05]。结论Ripk3通过促进钙磷沉积、细胞骨分化和细胞凋亡起到加重血管钙化的作用。
