锰基正极材料在水系锌离子电池中的挑战及性能提升策略

锌离子电池(ZIBs)由于其安全性、可持续性、成本效益和高能量密度而越来越受欢迎,有望成为锂离子电池(LIBs)的替代品。目前对锌离子电池已经进行了广泛的研究。然而,锰基正极材料在锌离子电池中的应用带来了挑战,特别是金属溶解和材料不稳定性等问题。这些挑战导致电池循环稳定性较差,阻碍了锌离子电池发展的进程。本文概述了锌离子存储机制,阐明了锰基正极材料面临的挑战,并提出了改善其性能的优化策略。最后,讨论了锰基正极材料的潜力。

CCL4在肿瘤微环境中影响免疫逃逸的研究进展

免疫治疗已成为当下恶性肿瘤治疗的基石。然而,不同患者对免疫治疗的反应具有较大异质性,并非都能从中获益。当下亟需寻找能高效预测免疫治疗疗效的生物标志物。C-C趋化因子配体4(C-C chemokine ligand4,CCL4)是一种细胞因子,隶属于炎症性CCL亚家族,主要由免疫细胞、肿瘤细胞分泌,在正常组织中不表达或者弱表达,在多种恶性肿瘤组织中异常高表达。CCL4与其受体C-C趋化因子受体5(C-C chemokine receptor type 5,CCR5)结合后可招募并介导免疫细胞迁移,破坏肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)的稳定性,参与致癌并促进肿瘤发展。在肿瘤免疫微环境中,CCL4可介导并募集单核细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞、T细胞等关键免疫细胞定向迁移,成为影响免疫治疗疗效的潜在重要元素,而具有特定的价值。本文就CCL4在TME中影响免疫逃逸的研究进展进行综述,以期为基础研究及临床诊疗提供线索和参考。

STAT3 ameliorates truncated tau-induced cognitive deficits

Proteolytic cleavage of tau by asparagine endopeptidase(AEP)creates tau-N368 fragments,which may drive the pathophysiology associated with synaptic dysfunction and memory deterioration in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanisms of truncated tau-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear.Evidence suggests that signal transduction and activator of transcription-3(STAT3)is associated with modulating synaptic plasticity,cell apoptosis,and cognitive function.Using luciferase reporter assays,electrophoretic mobility shift assays,western blotting,and immunofluorescence,we found that human tau-N368 accumulation inhibited STAT3 activity by suppressing STAT3 translocation into the nucleus.Overexpression of STAT3 improved tau-N368-induced synaptic deficits and reduced neuronal loss,thereby improving the cognitive deficits in tau-N368 mice.Moreover,in tau-N368 mice,activation of STAT3 increased N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor levels,decreased Bcl-2 levels,reversed synaptic damage and neuronal loss,and thereby alleviated cognitive deficits caused by tau-N368.Taken together,STAT3 plays a critical role in truncated tau-related neuropathological changes.This indicates a new mechanism behind the effect of tau-N368 on synapses and memory deficits.STAT3 can be used as a new molecular target to treat tau-N368-induced protein pathology.

外加物理场调控二维材料的HER和OER性能

长期以来,氢燃料一直被认为是一种有前途和可行的传统化石燃料的替代品,可以支撑我们未来的能源格局。电催化水分解是一种可用于大规模高效生产高纯度氢气的可持续和环保的技术。该技术的工业化需要我们不断地提高两个电极上的析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)的反应动力学。此外,催化剂催化活性和结构稳定性的持续优化对于该技术的实际实施同样关键。因此,合适的催化剂的选取是影响电催化水分解的关键因素之一。二维(2D)纳米材料由于其独特的物理化学性质和丰富的活性位点成为了电解水领域的热点。此外,2D材料独特的物理化学特性能与外加物理场之间高度契合,可以产生一些独特的效果来增强电催化性能。因此,近些年,外加物理场在辅助改善HER和OER方面的作用和机制越来越受到关注。外加物理场,如电场,磁场,应变,光,温度和超声波,可以应用于催化剂合成和电催化过程。本文首先总结了物理场辅助电解水催化剂合成的研究。随后,根据外场在电催化过程中作用机制的不同,对外场辅助HER和OER的研究进行了分类。最后,本文指出了本领域快速发展所面临的主要挑战和前景。

Enhancing the stability of Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for alkaline seawater oxidation by Ce doping

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater holds enormous promise for clean energy generation.Nevertheless,the direct electrolysis of seawater encounters significant challenges due to poor anodic stability caused by detrimental chlorine chemistry.Herein,we present our recent discovery that the incorporation of Ce into Ni Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array on Ni foam(Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF)emerges as a robust electrocatalyst for seawater oxidation.During the seawater oxidation process,CeO_(2)is generated,effectively repelling Cl^(-)and inhibiting the formation of Cl O-,resulting in a notable enhancement in the oxidation activity and stability of alkaline seawater.The prepared Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF requires only overpotential of 390 m V to achieve the current density of 1 A cm^(-2),while maintaining long-term stability for 500 h,outperforming the performance of Ni Fe LDH/NF(430 m V,150 h)by a significant margin.This study highlights the effectiveness of a Ce-doping strategy in augmenting the activity and stability of materials based on Ni Fe LDH in seawater electrolysis for oxygen evolution.

Quantitative characterization of the brittleness of deep shales by integrating mineral content,elastic parameters,in situ stress conditions and logging analysis

Deep shale reservoirs(3500–4500 m)exhibit significantly different stress states than moderately deep shale reservoirs(2000–3500 m).As a result,the brittleness response mechanisms of deep shales are also different.It is urgent to investigate methods to evaluate the brittleness of deep shales to meet the increasingly urgent needs of deep shale gas development.In this paper,the quotient of Young’s modulus divided by Poisson’s ratio based on triaxial compression tests under in situ stress conditions is taken as SSBV(Static Standard Brittleness Value).A new and pragmatic technique is developed to determine the static brittleness index that considers elastic parameters,the mineral content,and the in situ stress conditions(BIEMS).The coefficient of determination between BIEMS and SSBV reaches 0.555 for experimental data and 0.805 for field data.This coefficient is higher than that of other brittleness indices when compared to SSBV.BIEMS can offer detailed insights into shale brittleness under various conditions,including different mineral compositions,depths,and stress states.This technique can provide a solid data-based foundation for the selection of‘sweet spots’for single-well engineering and the comparison of the brittleness of shale gas production layers in different areas.

Janus Quasi‑Solid Electrolyte Membranes with Asymmetric Porous Structure for High‑Performance Lithium‑Metal Batteries

Quasi-solid electrolytes(QSEs)based on nanoporous materials are promising candidates to construct high-performance Limetal batteries(LMBs).However,simultaneously boosting the ionic conductivity(σ)and lithium-ion transference number(t^(+)) of liquid electrolyte confined in porous matrix remains challenging.Herein,we report a novel Janus MOFLi/MSLi QSEs with asymmetric porous structure to inherit the benefits of both mesoporous and microporous hosts.This Janus QSE composed of mesoporous silica and microporous MOF exhibits a neat Li^(+) conductivity of 1.5.10^(–4)S cm^(−1) with t^(+) of 0.71.A partially de-solvated structure and preference distribution of Li^(+)near the Lewis base O atoms were depicted by MD simulations.Meanwhile,the nanoporous structure enabled efficient ion flux regulation,promoting the homogenous deposition of Li^(+).When incorporated in Li||Cu cells,the MOFLi/MSLi QSEs demonstrated a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.1%,surpassing that of liquid electrolytes(96.3%).Additionally,NCM 622||Li batteries equipped with MOFLi/MSLi QSEs exhibited promising rate performance and could operate stably for over 200 cycles at 1 C.These results highlight the potential of Janus MOFLi/MSLi QSEs as promising candidates for next-generation LMBs.

DSAS:A new macromolecular substructure solution program based on the modified phase-retrieval algorithm

Considering the pivotal role of single-wavelength anomalous diffraction(SAD) in macromolecular crystallography,our objective was to introduce DSAS,a novel program designed for efficient anomalous scattering substructure determination.DSAS stands out with its core components:a modified phase-retrieval algorithm and automated parameter tuning.The software boasts an intuitive graphical user interface(GUI),facilitating seamless input of essential data and real-time monitoring.Extensive testing on DSAS has involved diverse datasets,encompassing proteins,nucleic acids,and various anomalous scatters such as sulfur(S),selenium(Se),metals,and halogens.The results confirm DSAS’s exceptional performance in accurately determining heavy atom positions,making it a highly effective tool in the field.

TL1A Promotes Fibrogenesis in Colonic Fibroblasts via the TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway

Objective Intestinal fibrosis is a refractory complication of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Tumor necrosis factor ligand-related molecule-1A(TL1A)is important for IBD-related intestinal fibrosis in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced experimental colitis model.This study aimed to explore the effects of TL1A on human colonic fibroblasts.Methods A trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced experimental colitis model of LCK-CD2-TL1A-GFP transgenic(Tg)or wild-type(WT)mice was established to determine the effect and mechanism of TL1A on intestinal fibrosis.The human colonic fibroblast CCD-18Co cell line was treated concurrently with TL1A and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)supernatant.The proliferation and activation of CCD-18Co cells were detected by BrdU assays,flow cytometry,immunocytochemistry and Western blotting.Collagen metabolism was tested by Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Results The level of collagen metabolism in the TNBS+ethyl alcohol(EtOH)/Tg group was greater than that in the TNBS+EtOH/WT group.Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and p-Smad3 in the TNBS+EtOH/Tg group were upregulated as compared with those in the TNBS+EtOH/WT group.The proliferation of CCD-18Co cells was promoted by the addition of human PBMC supernatant supplemented with 20 ng/mL TL1A,and the addition of human PBMC supernatant and TL1A increased CCD-18Co proliferation by 24.4%at 24 h.TL1A promoted cell activation and increased the levels of COL1A2,COL3A1,and TIMP-1 in CCD-18Co cells.Treatment of CCD-18Co cells with TL1A increased the expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3.Conclusion TL1A promotes TGF-β1-mediated intestinal fibroblast activation,proliferation,and collagen deposition and is likely related to an increase in the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Buxu Tongyu Granule Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia by Activating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Soluble Guanylate Cyclase to Inhibit Abnormal Vasomotion

Myocardial ischemia is a serious threat to human health,and vascular dysfunction is its main cause.Buxu Tongyu(BXTY)Granule is an effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating myocardial ischemia.However,the underlying mechanism of BXTY is still unclear.In this study,we demonstrate that BXTY ameliorates myocardial ischemia by activating the soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)-30,50-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)to dilate the arteries.BXTY was given by gavage for ten consecutive days before establishing an animal model of acute myocardial ischemia in mice via the intraperitoneal injection of pituitrin.The results showed that BXTY alleviated the symptoms of myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in mice,including electrocardiogram abnormalities and changes in plasma enzymes.In addition,BXTY dilated pre-constricted blood vessels and inhibited the vasoconstriction of the superior mesenteric artery in a dose-dependent but endothelial-independent manner.These effects were eliminated by preincubating vascular rings with the sGC inhibitors NS 2028 or ODQ,or with the PKG inhibitor KT 5823.Moreover,BXTY increased the protein expression of sGC-b1 and the intracellular second messenger cGMP level in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(MOVAs).NS 2028 or ODQ reversed these effects of BXTY.The expression level of the cGMP downstream effector protein PKG-1 increased after treating MOVAs with BXTY.NS 2028,ODQ,or KT 5823 also reversed this effect of BXTY.In conclusion,BXTY can improve the symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia in mice,and activating the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in VSMCs to induce vasodilation is its key pharmacodynamic mechanism.

Memristive feature and mechanism induced by laser-doping in defect-free 2D semiconductor materials

Memristors as non-volatile memory devices have gained numerous attentions owing to their advantages in storage,in-memory computing, synaptic applications, etc. In recent years, two-dimensional(2D) materials with moderate defects have been discovered to exist memristive feature. However, it is very difficult to obtain moderate defect degree in 2D materials, and studied on modulation means and mechanism becomes urgent and essential. In this work, we realized memristive feature with a bipolar switching and a configurable on/off ratio in a two-terminal MoS_(2) device(on/off ratio ~100), for the first time, from absent to present using laser-modulation to few-layer defect-free MoS_(2)(about 10 layers), and its retention time in both high resistance state and low resistance state can reach 2×10^(4) s. The mechanism of the laser-induced memristive feature has been cleared by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we verified the universality of the laser-modulation by investigating other 2D materials of TMDs. Our work will open a route to modulate and optimize the performance of 2D semiconductor memristive devices.

Gas microchannel plate-pixel detector for X-ray polarimetry

POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization detector.We have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during operation.The detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28%±0.64% is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96%±0.58% at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.

Molecular mechanisms of Buqing granule for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy:Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus.Its blindness rate is high;therefore,finding a reasonable and safe treatment plan to prevent and control DR is crucial.Currently,there are abundant and diverse research results on the treatment of DR by Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine compounds are potentially advantageous for DR prevention and treatment because of its safe and effective therapeutic effects.AIM To investigate the effects of Buqing granule(BQKL)on DR and its mechanism from a systemic perspective and at the molecular level by combining network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.METHODS This study collected information on the drug targets of BQKL and the therapeutic targets of DR for intersecting target gene analysis and protein-protein interactions(PPI),identified various biological pathways related to DR treatment by BQKL through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses,and preliminarily validated the screened core targets by molecular docking.Furthermore,we constructed a diabetic rat model with a high-fat and high-sugar diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection,and administered the appropriate drugs for 12 weeks after the model was successfully induced.Body mass and fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured,and pathological changes in retinal tissue were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.ELISA was used to detect the oxidative stress index expression in serum and retinal tissue,and immunohistochemistry,real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR,and western blotting were used to verify the changes in the expression of core targets.RESULTS Six potential therapeutic targets of BQKL for DR treatment,including Caspase-3,c-Jun,TP53,AKT1,MAPK1,and MAPK3,were screened using PPI.Enrichment analysis indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway might be the core target pathway of BQKL in DR treatment.Molecular docking prediction indicated that BQKL stably bound to these core targets.In vivo experiments have shown that compared with those in the Control group,rats in the Model group had statistically significant(P<0.05)severe retinal histopathological damage;elevated blood glucose,lipid,and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels;increased Caspase-3,c-Jun,and TP53 protein expression;and reduced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)levels,ganglion cell number,AKT1,MAPK1,and MAPK3 protein expression.Compared with the Model group,BQKL group had reduced histopathological retinal damage and the expression of blood glucose and lipids,MDA level,Caspase-3,c-Jun and TP53 proteins were reduced,while the expression of SOD,GSH-Px level,the number of ganglion cells,AKT1,MAPK1,and MAPK3 proteins were elevated.These differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION BQKL can delay DR onset and progression by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulating Caspase-3,c-Jun,TP53,AKT1,MAPK1,and MAPK3 proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway mediates these alterations.

Associated Factors of Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Keratinocyte Carcinoma:A Cross-Sectional Study

Background:Keratinocyte carcinoma(KC)is a common malignancy characterized by a high recurrence rate and considerable psychological distress.The incidence of KC is increasing in China,raising concerns about its psychological consequences and adverse effects on quality of life.Demographic and clinical factors are thought to influence mental health outcomes in these patients.Nonetheless,data on the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese patients with KC and the factors associated with this anxiety are notably lacking.Therefore,a comprehensive investigation into the anxiety of patients with KC is imperative.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in patients with KC,a disease that can significantly affect a patient’s appearance and overall quality of life.Understanding the level of anxiety in this population is critical to developing targeted interventions,improving treatment outcomes,supporting mental health,and improving patient care practices.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at China’s largest dermatology hospital from November 2017 to September 2022.A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit participants.Anxiety status was surveyed by the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Explanatory variables were surveyed by demographic data questionnaires.Non-parametric test and Chi-square test analyses were used to compare the differences between groups.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with anxiety.Results:A total of 192 patients with KC were included.The median score of SAS was 35(IQR 16.25).The prevalence of anxiety in patients with KC was 20.8%.Females(p=0.008),under 60 years old(p=0.011),living in rural(p=0.010)or urban areas(p=0.029),having fewer than three children(p=0.016),with a history of skin diseases(p<0.001),with a history of long-term oral medication(p=0.001),and experiencing pain or itching(p=0.001)had SAS scores that were significantly higher than their counterparts.Conclusion:This study showed that the prevalence of anxiety was very high among Chinese patients with KC,especially among women,young patients,rural residents,patients with fewer than three children,and individuals with a history of skin disease,long-term oral medications,or symptoms of pain or itching.Targeted psychological interventions for these specific populations should be implemented to effectively alleviate anxiety and improve quality of life in these at-risk groups.

Laparoscopic Orchidopexy after 4 Weeks of Testicular Traction with Preservation of Blood Supply: A New Concept for the Treatment of Intra-Abdominal Cryptorchidism: Original Article

Background: Testicular atrophy is recurrent after orchidopexy for intra-abdominal cryptorchidism due to damage to vessels. Fowlers-Stephens and Shehata methods proposed staged orchidopexy, but are still associated to a rate of atrophy greater than 10%. Purpose: We set out to present a new technique that preserves testicular vessels. Our study is aimed at investigating testicular vitality after surgery. Patients and Method: We reviewed files of boys who underwent orchidopexy for 2 years in our department. Those who have been operated for intra-abdominal cryptorchidism with the new technique and aged between 6 months and 14 years old were included in our study. We excluded boys who have been operated before 6 months and after 14 years old and those who did not respect their follow-up plane. Ultrasound (US) outcomes were used to measure testicular volumes and blood flow at each postoperative visit. The Sample population was divided into group A and group B representing testes that were followed respectively for 12 and 24 months. Results: 22 boys with 25 testes were included in our study;11 testes in group A and 14 testes in group B. In each group, we noted a significant difference of UDT volumes from the third month after surgery with respective P-values 0.05. There was no statistical difference between UDT and contra lateral testes volumes 12 months after surgery in group A and 24 months in group B with respective P-values of 0.07 and 0.72. All volume differential indexes were Conclusion: This method offers a new perspective in performing safe orchidopexy for intra abdominal undescended testes.

非小细胞肺癌围手术期免疫治疗相关不良反应管理的临床诊疗建议

背景与目的肺癌围手术期治疗(术前新辅助治疗及术后辅助治疗)作为手术的重要辅助手段,已成为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)全程管理中越来越重要的环节。近年来,小规模临床研究发现免疫新辅助治疗主要病理缓解率明显提升,甚至达到完全病理缓解,有望成为NSCLC治疗的重要组成部分。然而,免疫新辅助治疗带来疗效和生存获益,同时,其相关严重不良反应(延误手术、丧失手术机会、死亡等)备受关注。本诊疗建议目的是针对免疫检查点抑制剂相关不良反应(immune-related adverse event,irAE)形成适合国内医疗现状的诊疗方案。方法本文由胸外科专家、肿瘤学专家、胸内科专家以及irAE相关科室专家(消化内科、呼吸内科、心血管内科、感染内科、血液内科、内分泌科、风湿免疫科、神经内科、皮肤科和急诊科)共同完成本诊疗意见的制定工作。专家充分参考irAE指南、胸外科公开发表的大型临床研究数据以及国内医生的临床实战经验和公开发表个案,多学科反复讨论,形成针对围手术期免疫治疗相关不良反应的诊疗建议。结果本诊疗意见涵盖irAE相关的预防、评估、检查、治疗和监测全过程,以便全面、有效的指导临床工作。结论围手术期irAE管理是肺癌免疫围手术期治疗的重要组成部分,随着免疫围手术期治疗的不断发展,未来需要更多的研究,以优化围手术irAE的诊疗。

环境光照的认知功效及其调节因素与作用机理

自人类视网膜上发现存在新型的内在光敏感神经节细胞以来,环境光照对个体生理心理功能的非视觉作用备受研究者青睐,其中环境光照对认知功能的非视觉作用结果并不十分一致且内在机理尚不明确。环境光照的认知功效会受到光学参数、光照模式、时间因素、个体差异以及任务特征等的共同调节。未来的研究需要从环境光对心理认知功能的作用模式,动态办公照明系统的开发,面向特殊群体的个性化照明以及光照非视觉作用产生的分子生物学机制等视角进行扩展和深化。

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗老年人大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的初步研究

目的回顾性对比分析老年人与中青年人大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)的临床病理特点,探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)对老年人大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的治疗效果。方法选取2011年9月-2016年9月在外院及该院检查发现,并在该院拟行ESD的LST患者,其中老年组(≥60岁)53例,中青年组(30~59岁)37例,比较老年组和中青年组的性别、病变形态分型、病变部位、病理类型、手术方法、平均住院时间及术后并发症等情况。结果病变形态分型,老年人以结节混合型(LST-G-M)为主,与中青年组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);中青年组以平坦隆起型(LST-NG-F)为主,与老年组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组pit pattern分型,老年人以Ⅲ_L型、Ⅳ型为主,青年组以Ⅱ型、Ⅲ_L型为主,Ⅱ型两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组患者病变好发于直肠,尤其以老年组明显,与中青年组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),其次是升结肠,其余均少见,左半结肠的发病率高于右半结肠;病理情况,老年组以管状绒毛状腺瘤为主,容易伴局部癌变,与中青年组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论老年人LST是大肠癌发病的高危人群,若老年人检查发现LST,排除手术禁忌后应及时行内镜下切除;ESD是治疗大肠LST的重要手段,尤其适合老年人LST的治疗,值得临床运用与推广。

组织容错会影响公务员创新行为吗?——自我效能感和公共服务动机的链式中介作用

创新是新时代各项事业改革的特征和必然趋势。党中央倡导“以容错纠错机制促进广大干部担当作为、干事创业”,该机制下组织容错氛围是否有改善,能否对公务员的创新行为起有效的激励作用都尚不明晰。基于此,研究从组织和个人的双重视角出发,运用问卷调查法,以重庆市的调查数据为例,探究了组织容错氛围对公务员创新行为的影响机制。研究发现:组织容错氛围可以显著促进公务员的创新行为;其中,自我效能感、公共服务动机在组织容错氛围对创新行为的影响中既能分别起到中介作用,也能共同形成链式中介。研究为新时代公共部门完善容错纠错机制、激励公务员创新行为提供有益的启示。

The Correlation of Hospital Operational Efficiency and Average Length of Stay in China: A Study Based on Provincial Level Data

Objective: To measure the hospital operation efficiency, study the correlation between average length of stay and hospital operation efficiency, analyze the importance of shortening average length of stay to the improvement of the hospital operation efficiency and put forward relevant policy suggestion. Methods: Based on China provincial panel data from 2003 to 2012, the hospital operation efficiencies are calculated using Super Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis model, and the correlation between average length of stay and hospital operation efficiency is tested using Spearman rank correlation coefficient test. Results: From 2003 to 2012, the average of national hospital operation efficiency was increasing slowly and the hospital operations were inefficient in most of the areas. The national hospital operation efficiency is negatively correlated to the average length of stay. Conclusion: Measures should be taken to set average length of stay in a scientific and reasonable way, improve social and economic benefits based on the improvement of efficiency.