TiO_(2)Electron Transport Layer with p-n Homojunctions for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Low-temperature processed electron transport layer(ETL)of TiO_(2)that is widely used in planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has inherent low carrier mobility,resulting in insufficient photogenerated elec-tron transport and thus recombination loss at buried interface.Herein,we demonstrate an effective strategy of laser embedding of p-n homojunctions in the TiO_(2)ETL to accelerate electron transport in PSCs,through localized build-in electric fields that enables boosted electron mobility by two orders of magnitude.Such embedding is found significantly helpful for not only the enhanced crystallization quality of TiO_(2)ETL,but the fabrication of perovskite films with larger-grain and the less-trap-states.The embedded p-n homojunction enables also the modulation of interfacial energy level between perovskite layers and ETLs,favoring for the reduced voltage deficit of PSCs.Benefiting from these merits,the formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))PSCs employing such ETLs deliver a champion efficiency of 25.50%,along with much-improved device stability under harsh conditions,i.e.,maintain over 95%of their initial efficiency after operation at maximum power point under continuous heat and illumination for 500 h,as well as mixed-cation PSCs with a champion efficiency of 22.02%and over 3000 h of ambient storage under humidity stability of 40%.Present study offers new possibilities of regulating charge transport layers via p-n homojunction embedding for high performance optoelectronics.

面向联合收割机故障领域的命名实体识别研究

联合收割机作为一种机械化设备不可避免地会出现机械故障,为快速地找出并解决机械故障,提出一种面向联合收割机故障领域的命名实体识别模型RP-TEBC(RoBERTa-wwm-ext+PGD+Transformer-Encoder+BiGRU+CRF)。RP-TEBC使用动态编码的RoBERTa-wwm-ext预训练模型作为词嵌入层,利用自适应Transformer编码器层融合双向门控单元(BiGRU)作为上下文编码器,利用条件随机场(CRF)作为解码层,使用维特比算法找出最优的路径输出。同时,RP-TEBC模型在词嵌入层中通过添加一些扰动,生成对抗样本,经过对模型不断的训练优化,可以提高模型整体的鲁棒性和泛化性能。结果表明,在构建的联合收割机故障领域命名实体识别数据集上,相比于基线模型,该模型的准确率、召回率、F1值分别提高1.79%、1.01%、1.46%。

红色资源:老区乡村振兴的新引擎——以芜湖市繁昌区中分村为例

红色资源是传播红色文化、传承红色基因的重要媒介,也是老区乡村振兴的重要引擎。通过对中分村红色资源保护和开发的问卷调查、访谈后发现,红色资源为老区乡村振兴高质量发展注入了红色基因、奠定了产业基础和提供了发展方向,但也存在红色产业发展理念落后、专业人才紧缺、空间发展受限等问题。研究提出,老区乡村振兴应在强化党建引领、拓展红色产业链、引入数字媒体技术、打造红色产业品牌、培养红色专业人才等方面下功夫,进而推进红色资源赋能计划,实现乡村振兴高质量发展。

Contrast in Secondary Organic Aerosols between the Present Day and the Preindustrial Period:The Importance of Nontraditional Sources and the Changed Atmospheric Oxidation Capability

Quantifying differences in secondary organic aerosols(SOAs)between the preindustrial period and the present day is crucial to assess climate forcing and environmental effects resulting from anthropogenic activities.The lack of vegetation information for the preindustrial period and the uncertainties in describing SOA formation are two leading factors preventing simulation of SOA.This study calculated the online emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in the Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry Model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP-AACM)by coupling the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature(MEGAN),where the input vegetation parameters were simulated by the IAP Dynamic Global Vegetation Model(IAP-DGVM).The volatility basis set(VBS)approach was adopted to simulate SOA formation from the nontraditional pathways,i.e.,the oxidation of intermediate VOCs and aging of primary organic aerosol.Although biogenic SOAs(BSOAs)were dominant in SOAs globally in the preindustrial period,the contribution of nontraditional anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs)to the total SOAs was up to 35.7%.In the present day,the contribution of ASOAs was 2.8 times larger than that in the preindustrial period.The contribution of nontraditional sources of SOAs to SOA was as high as 53.1%.The influence of increased anthropogenic emissions in the present day on BSOA concentrations was greater than that of increased biogenic emission changes.The response of BSOA concentrations to anthropogenic emission changes in the present day was more sensitive than that in the preindustrial period.The nontraditional sources and the atmospheric oxidation capability greatly affect the global SOA change.

Hybrid hard carbon framework derived from polystyrene bearing distinct molecular crosslinking for enhanced sodium storage

Exploiting high-performance yet low-cost hard carbon anodes is crucial to advancing the state-of-the-art sodium-ion batteries.However,the achievement of superior initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and high Na-storage capacity via low-temperature carbonization remains challenging due to the presence of tremendous defects with few closed pores.Here,a facile hybrid carbon framework design is proposed from the polystyrene precursor bearing distinct molecular bridges at a low pyrolysis temperature of 800℃ via in situ fusion and embedding strategy.This is realized by integrating triazine-and carbonylcrosslinked polystyrene nanospheres during carbonization.The triazine crosslinking allows in situ fusion of spheres into layered carbon with low defects and abundant closed pores,which serves as a matrix for embedding the well-retained carbon spheres with nanopores/defects derived from carbonyl crosslinking.Therefore,the hybrid hard carbon with intimate interface showcases synergistic Na ions storage behavior,showing an ICE of 70.2%,a high capacity of 279.3 mAh g^(-1),and long-term 500 cycles,superior to carbons from the respective precursor and other reported carbons fabricated under the low carbonization temperature.The present protocol opens new avenues toward low-cost hard carbon anode materials for high-performance sodiumion batteries.

京东零售基于ClickHouse的增量刷岗方法

刷岗是对某个最小存货单位(SKU)对应的岗位等维度字段发生变更,按照最新的SKU岗位等维度数据回溯、覆写的过程,刷岗这一行为在典型的电商企业(京东(JD)、淘宝)较为常见。针对京东零售业务场景下明细表和维表数据量庞大导致刷岗操作的运行时间过长的问题,提出一种基于ClickHouse的增量刷岗方法。首先,将维度表加载为ClickHouse字典表,采用明细表关联ClickHouse字典表的方法进行刷岗;其次,采用增量刷岗方法取代传统全量刷岗的形式,不仅提升刷岗效率,同时减少刷岗带来的集群资源消耗;最后,加入验数逻辑和并发控制机制保证数据准确性和集群的稳定。将该技术与传统的刷岗技术在实际业务生产场景中进行亿级数据的刷岗测试对比,实验结果表明,在硬件设备相同的情况下,提出的增量刷岗方法刷岗时间缩短80%,集群资源(CPU、内存)的使用减少50%,显著提高刷海量数据岗效率。

The Tianma 65 m radio telescope at Shanghai

The Shanghai Tianma 65 m radio telescope(TMRT)is a large,fully rotatable radio telescope with multiple scientific purposes.The main body of the telescope and four low-frequency receiving systems,including L,C,and S/X bands,were completed between 2008 and 2012.From 2013 to 2017,four high-frequency receiving systems,including Ku,K,Ka,and Q bands,were constructed and their performance was comprehensively tested.There are three main innovations.(1)A fully movable large radio telescope system with advanced performance and complete functions has been built.(2)An advanced,reliable main reflector adjustment system has been completed,overcoming gravity deformation and creating a large antenna with a main reflective surface accuracy of 0.28 mm(root mean square)for any elevation.(3)Five innovative technologies have been developed to achieve high-precision pointing in any direction within 3″.The TMRT has made a crucial contribution to the orbital measurement and positioning of China’s lunar and deep space probes.Significantly enhancing China's ability to participate in international VLBI observations and radio astronomy,this has facilitated a series of achievements in observational radio astronomical research,in areas such as VLBI,spectral lines,and pulsars.

Surface shape detection methods for large radio telescopes

The surface accuracy of a radio telescope is directly related to its operational efficiency and detection sensitivity.This is crucial under high-frequency observation conditions,where surface shape errors need to be controlled to within 1/16 of the working wavelength.In addition,the primary reflector of large radio telescopes is subject to dynamic deformation,caused by factors such as gravity and thermal effects.This paper presents a method for detecting the surface shape of radio telescopes using radio interferometry techniques combined with active reflector adjustment technology.This enables accurate assessment and correction of surface errors,ensuring the electrical performance of the radio telescope.This study investigates the practical applications of high-precision measurement techniques,such as microwave holography,out-of-focus holography,and wavefront distortion methods at the Tianma 65 m radio telescope(TMRT).Furthermore,the study presents the construction method of gravity models at different elevation angles and demonstrates the efficacy of the active reflector model.The results of the measurements indicate that the application of these methods to the TMRT has led to a notable enhancement of the accuracy of the primary reflector and a substantial improvement in efficiency in the Q-band.Through a process of iterative measurements and adjustments,the surface shape error is ultimately reduced to 0.28 mm root mean square(RMS).

Calculating real-time surface deformation for large active surface radio antennas using a graph neural network

This paper presents an innovative surrogate modeling method using a graph neural network to compensate for gravitational and thermal deformation in large radio telescopes.Traditionally,rapid compensation is feasible for gravitational deformation but not for temperature-induced deformation.The introduction of this method facilitates real-time calculation of deformation caused both by gravity and temperature.Constructing the surrogate model involves two key steps.First,the gravitational and thermal loads are encoded,which facilitates more efficient learning for the neural network.This is followed by employing a graph neural network as an end-to-end model.This model effectively maps external loads to deformation while preserving the spatial correlations between nodes.Simulation results affirm that the proposed method can successfully estimate the surface deformation of the main reflector in real-time and can deliver results that are practically indistinguishable from those obtained using finite element analysis.We also compare the proposed surrogate model method with the out-of-focus holography method and yield similar results.

钢筋混凝土结构梁柱节点滞回性能对比分析

为验证装配式强化梁柱节点与传统梁柱节点在受力和抗震性能方面的区别,借助ABAQUS的非线性分析功能分别建立了传统梁柱节点和装配式强化梁柱节点有限元模型,选择了合理的参数,分析了二者的破坏形态和滞回性能。结果表明:在相同荷载作用下,传统梁柱节点模型中的部分钢筋已发生破坏,强化梁柱节点中的钢筋未破坏,只部分钢筋进入塑性变形阶段,且通过滞回曲线对比显示:强化梁柱节点曲线的包络面积明显大于传统梁柱节点,说明了装配式强化梁柱节点的耗能能力更好。装配式强化梁柱节点设计的刚度、承载力和耗能能力均优于传统梁柱节点。

人乳头瘤病毒16/18型感染乳腺癌患者病灶核因子κB相互作用的长链非编码RNA表达水平及其与乳腺癌分子分型和预后关系

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)16/18型感染乳腺癌患者病灶核因子κB相互作用的长链非编码RNA(NF-κB interacting long non-coding RNA,NKILA)表达情况及其与乳腺癌分子分型、预后的相关性。方法 选取2016年1月至2018年1月南通大学附属海安医院收治的334例乳腺癌患者(观察组)和50例乳腺良性疾病患者(对照组)作为研究对象,对观察组患者肿瘤组织、癌旁组织和对照组患者病灶组织标本进行NKILA表达检测,并检测血清指标水平。分析两组NKILA表达情况与血清学指标的相关性,比较不同HPV分型感染情况、不同分子分型、不同预后患者病灶NKILA表达差异。结果 观察组患者肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量显著低于癌旁组织(P <0.05),癌旁组织NKILA相对表达量显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。HPV 16/18型感染组肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量、NKILA高表达率均显著低于非HPV16/18型感染组(均P <0.05)。Luminal A型组、Luminal B型组患者肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量、NKILA高表达率均显著高于人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2)过表达型组(均P <0.05),HER-2过表达型组肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量显著高于三阴性组(P <0.05)。复发转移组肿瘤组织NKILA相对表达量、NKILA高表达率均低于未复发转移组(均P <0.05)。NKILA低表达组3年无复发转移率显著低于NKILA高表达组[24.7%(36/146)∶40.0%(58/145),P <0.05]。结论 相比乳腺癌旁组织和良性疾病病灶,乳腺癌患者病灶NKILA表达下降,且HPV 16/18型感染者、三阴性乳腺癌者和术后复发转移者病灶NKILA表达下降更为明显,NKILA低表达与患者术后复发转移相关。

萘乙酸与多效唑组合喷施对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响

以薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)‘波尼’品种的1年生容器苗为研究对象,选用萘乙酸(NAA)和多效唑(PP333)2种植物生长调节剂,各设置3种质量浓度(萘乙酸质量浓度分别为100、150、200 mg/L,多效唑质量浓度分别为200、300、400 mg/L),采用正交试验设计9种植物生长调节剂施用组合(蒸馏水为对照);在安徽省合肥市长丰县岗集镇薄壳山核桃育苗基地温室大棚内定期喷施于薄壳山核桃幼苗根颈基部和叶表面,测定施用9种组合植物生长调节剂时的薄壳山核桃幼苗苗高、地径、主根长、叶面积及不同器官生物量,分析萘乙酸与多效唑组合施用对‘波尼’品种薄壳山核桃幼苗生长和生物量分配的影响。结果表明:组合施用“质量浓度200 mg/L的萘乙酸+质量浓度400 mg/L的多效唑”,对薄壳山核桃幼苗地径增长的促进作用最显著(P<0.05),比对照提高了35.53%;组合施用“质量浓度100 mg/L的萘乙酸+质量浓度200 mg/L的多效唑”,对薄壳山核桃幼苗主根长度、根系生物量及根冠比的增加有显著促进作用(P<0.05),比对照分别提高了16.86%、15.30%、20.86%。综合试验结果,萘乙酸与多效唑组合施用对薄壳山核桃幼苗的影响,主要体现在抑制苗高、抑制叶生长、促进根系生长、促进地下生物量分配、提高根冠比,以组合施用“质量浓度100 mg/L的萘乙酸+质量浓度200 mg/L的多效唑”的效果最佳。

冬夏季两种空调系统下空间尺寸对热舒适的影响

影响室内人员热舒适的环境因素很多,其中建筑空间是研究热舒适时很容易被忽略的一个因素.为探究建筑空间尺寸对室内人员热舒适的影响规律,在8个建筑空间中进行了为期3年的实验,8个建筑空间由2种地面尺寸(12 m×12 m和6 m×6 m)和4种空间高度(3 m、5 m、7 m和9 m)构成.在冬夏季由风机盘管或辐射地板空调末端控制的热环境中,以热环境参数测量和主观感受问卷收集相结合的方法开展了实验.实验结果表明:随着建筑空间高度由3 m升高到9 m,冬季室内人员的热中性温度升高了0.59℃,而夏季人员的热中性温度随空间高度升高而降低了0.65℃.冬季和夏季,地面尺寸为12 m×12 m的建筑空间中人员热中性温度均高于地面尺寸为6 m×6 m建筑空间.冬夏季室内人员的热敏感性随建筑空间变化的规律如下:随着建筑空间高度的升高,室内人员的热敏感性大体呈上升趋势.地面尺寸为6 m×6 m的空间中人员的热敏感性略高于地面尺寸为12 m×12 m的建筑空间.建筑空间越趋于扁平,即空间高度越低、地面尺寸越大时,室内人员的热敏感性越低.对比各实验工况下预测平均热感觉投票(PMV)与实际平均热感觉投票(MTSV)的差异发现,PMV模型更适用于高度为3 m的空间,且该模型在采用风机盘管末端的热环境中比在采用辐射地板末端的热环境中更适用.

Ferroelectric Controlled Spin Texture in Two-Dimensional NbOI_(2)Monolayer

The persistent spin helix(PSH)system is considered to have promising applications in energy-conservation spintronics because it supports an extraordinarily long spin lifetime of carriers.Here,we predict that the existence of PSH state in two-dimensional(2 D)ferroelectric NbOI_(2)monolayers.Our first-principles calculation results show that there exists Dresselhaus-type spin-orbit coupling(SOC)band splitting near the conduction-band minimum(CBM)of the NbOI_(2)monolayer.It is revealed that the spin splitting near CBM merely refers to out-of-plane spin configuration in the wave vector space,which gives rise to a long-lived PSH state that can be controlled by reversible ferroelectric polarization.We believe that the coupling characteristics of ferroelectric polarization and spin texture in NbOI_(2)provide a platform for the realization of fully electric controlled spintronic devices.

4-Hydroxy phenyl Retinamide Preferentially Targets FLT3 Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia via ROS Induction and NF-κB Inhibition

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3(FLT3)mutation is strongly associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Though many FLT3 inhibitors have been developed for clinical application with 34%-56%complete remission rate,patients would develop resistance sooner or later after initial response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),such as gilteritinib.And increasing studies have shown that several resistance related mutations of FLT3 emerged during the AML progression.Thus,further investigation is warranted for these FLT3mu,AML patients to achieve a better treatment outcome.4-Hydroxyphenyl retinamide(4-HPR)has been investigated extensively in animal models and clinical trials as an anticancer/chemopreventive agent and is currently used for protection against cancer development/recurrence,with minimal side effects.In this study,we performed gene-set enrichment analysis and found that down-regulated genes induced by 4-HPR were associated with FLT3-ITD gene sets.CD34+ AML stem/progenitor cells separated from 32 AML samples were treated with 4-HPR.Correlation analysis showed that AML cells with FLT3-ITD genetic alteration were more sensitive to 4-HPR treatment than those without FLT3-ITD.Next,we treated 22 primary AML cells with 4-HPR and found that 4-HPR was more toxic to AML cells with FLT3-ITD.These results indicated that 4-HPR was preferentially cytotoxic to all FLT3-ITD AML cells irrespective of stem/progenitor cells or blast cells.4-HPR-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and NF-kB inhibition might be the reason of 4-HPR selectivity on FLT3 mutated AML cells.

醌基氧化石墨烯介体膜的制备与催化偶氮染料生物降解

氧化还原介体能催化加速偶氮染料的生物降解,但易随水流失,介体的膜基固定化为研究提供了新思路。文中以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为聚合物、醌基氧化石墨烯(AQS-RGO)为氧化还原介质,采用相转化法制备了氧化还原介体AQS-RGO/PVDF膜,探究介体膜催化偶氮染料生物降解的性能。采用X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱仪对膜进行表征,结果表明,AQS-RGO已被成功固载在膜上。利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对膜结构和形貌进行表征,结果表明AQS-RGO介体的引入,使膜内胞腔变小,海绵孔变得更致密。同时,对膜的接触角、水通量和截留率进行测定。发现AQS-RGO的添加使膜具有更好的亲水性和渗透性,最大纯水通量为283.09 L/(m^(2)·h),比PVDF原膜高4.7倍。在最佳条件下制备的AQS-RGO/PVDF膜能够将活性红X-3B的降解(脱色率≥90%)时间从48 h缩短到30 h,表明其对偶氮染料生物降解具有较好的催化效果,并且在活性红和酸性红染料的4次循环实验中都能保持90%以上的脱色率,具有良好的稳定性,展示出氧化还原介体膜的应用潜力。

环境气象因素对脂质异常型干眼发病的风险研究

目的:探讨我国东西部地区不同环境气象因素对脂质异常型干眼发病的影响。方法:多中心回顾性研究。选取2021-03-01/2022-02-28南京中医药大学附属南京中医院及新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州友谊医院眼科门诊就诊的干眼患者,统计整理一般资料(性别、年龄、就业情况、教育程度)及就诊当日室外环境气候数据(温度、湿度、空气质量指数、风力)。筛选出符合纳排的患者,应用单因素、多因素及非线性模型分析筛选出两地区脂质异常型干眼的环境相关因素。结果:南京与伊犁两地区各自不同季节脂质异常型干眼发病情况无明显差异,两地相比,伊犁地区脂质异常型干眼发病就诊人次四季均明显多于南京地区(P<0.001)。单因素研究结果显示,影响脂质异常型干眼发病的因素有:性别、就业情况、湿度、空气质量指数、风力。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:湿度、温度、空气质量指数三种环境因素有统计学意义,在调整年龄、性别、就业情况三种混杂因素后仍然有意义。非线性分析显示温度在低于10℃时,脂质异常型干眼的发生概率随温度的降低而上升;在10℃~15℃时,脂质异常型干眼的发生概率变化趋于平稳,当温度超过15℃后,脂质异常型干眼的发生概率随温度的升高而上升。湿度与脂质异常型干眼发病呈负相关,随湿度上升,脂质异常型干眼的发生概率下降。结论:伊犁地区脂质异常型干眼的发病风险四季均高于南京地区。湿度、温度、空气质量等环境气候因素均会影响脂质异常型干眼的发病情况。

有机肥与氮磷钾配施对玛咖产量和质量的影响

探讨有机肥与氮磷钾配施对玛咖品质和产量的影响,为优质玛咖种植及合理施肥提供参考依据。以玛咖优良品种“乌蒙黑玛咖”为材料,田间试验设置6个处理:CK、M(有机肥)、F1(常规施肥)、F1+M、F2(50%常规施肥)、F2+M。施肥显著提高玛咖地上部和根农艺性状、产量和品质。在8—9月以促进地上部生长为主,而在10月以加快玛咖根生长为主;玛咖前期生长对磷钾需求较高,而对氮的需求在整个生育期都高;施肥显著提高玛咖酰胺类化合物、玛咖烯、芥子油苷类化合物和灰分的含量,其中F1+M处理在酰胺类化合物、玛咖烯和灰分含量上均表现出最高,分别为192.79、7.93和3.97 mg/100 g,而芥子油苷类化合物含量则在F1处理最高,为2.47 mg/100 g;所有施肥处理中表现为F1+M处理产量最高,为11708 kg/hm^(2)。试验结果表明,F1+M处理下,即每公顷施用化肥N 120 kg、P_(2)O_(5)90 kg、K_(2)O 120 kg,同时配施精制有机肥7500 kg,可使玛咖产量和品质达到最佳。

Preclinical and clinical trials of oncolytic vaccinia virus in cancer immunotherapy:a comprehensive review

Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for human cancers owing to an ability to elicit curative effects via systemic administration.Tumor cells often create an unfavorable immunosuppressive microenvironment that degrade viral structures and impede viral replication;however,recent studies have established that viruses altered via genetic modifications can serve as effective oncolytic agents to combat hostile tumor environments.Specifically,oncolytic vaccinia virus(OVV)has gained popularity owing to its safety,potential for systemic delivery,and large gene insertion capacity.This review highlights current research on the use of engineered mutated viruses and gene-armed OVVs to reverse the tumor microenvironment and enhance antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo,and provides an overview of ongoing clinical trials and combination therapies.In addition,we discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of OVV as a cancer therapy,and explore different perspectives in this field.

Rapid Deformation Calculation for Large Reflector Antennas:A Surrogate Model Method

The surface accuracy of the large-aperture reflector antenna has a significant influence on the observation efficiency.Recent researchers have focused on using the finite element(FE)simulation to study the effect of gravity and heat on the deformation distribution of the main reflector.However,the temperature distribution of the antenna is challenging to obtain,and it takes a long time for the FE simulation to carry out FE modeling and postprocessing.To address these limitations,this study presents a surrogate model based on Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and deep Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)to get the deformation distribution of the main reflector quickly.In the design of the surrogate model,using the XGBoost algorithm and sparse sampling to solve the difficulty of obtaining the entire temperature distribution is first proposed,and then a deep CNN is developed for estimating deformation.Based on the effect of dynamic loads on the antenna structure,a diverse data set is generated to train and test the surrogate model.The results show that the surrogate model reduces the calculating time dramatically and can obtain the indistinguishable deformation compared to the FE simulation.This technique provides a valuable tool for temperature and deformation calculation of large-aperture antennas.