Research on aiming methods for small sample size shooting tests of two-dimensional trajectory correction fuse

The longitudinal dispersion of the projectile in shooting tests of two-dimensional trajectory corrections fused with fixed canards is extremely large that it sometimes exceeds the correction ability of the correction fuse actuator.The impact point easily deviates from the target,and thus the correction result cannot be readily evaluated.However,the cost of shooting tests is considerably high to conduct many tests for data collection.To address this issue,this study proposes an aiming method for shooting tests based on small sample size.The proposed method uses the Bootstrap method to expand the test data;repeatedly iterates and corrects the position of the simulated theoretical impact points through an improved compatibility test method;and dynamically adjusts the weight of the prior distribution of simulation results based on Kullback-Leibler divergence,which to some extent avoids the real data being"submerged"by the simulation data and achieves the fusion Bayesian estimation of the dispersion center.The experimental results show that when the simulation accuracy is sufficiently high,the proposed method yields a smaller mean-square deviation in estimating the dispersion center and higher shooting accuracy than those of the three comparison methods,which is more conducive to reflecting the effect of the control algorithm and facilitating test personnel to iterate their proposed structures and algorithms.;in addition,this study provides a knowledge base for further comprehensive studies in the future.

Progress in Mechanical Modeling of Implantable Flexible Neural Probes

Implanted neural probes can detect weak discharges of neurons in the brain by piercing soft brain tissue,thus as important tools for brain science research,as well as diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases.However,the rigid neural probes,such as Utah arrays,Michigan probes,and metal microfilament electrodes,are mechanically unmatched with brain tissue and are prone to rejection and glial scarring after implantation,which leads to a significant degradation in the signal quality with the implantation time.In recent years,flexible neural electrodes are rapidly developed with less damage to biological tissues,excellent biocompatibility,and mechanical compliance to alleviate scarring.Among them,the mechanical modeling is important for the optimization of the structure and the implantation process.In this review,the theoretical calculation of the flexible neural probes is firstly summarized with the processes of buckling,insertion,and relative interaction with soft brain tissue for flexible probes from outside to inside.Then,the corresponding mechanical simulation methods are organized considering multiple impact factors to realize minimally invasive implantation.Finally,the technical difficulties and future trends of mechanical modeling are discussed for the next-generation flexible neural probes,which is critical to realize low-invasiveness and long-term coexistence in vivo.

Microwave ablation is as effective as radiofrequency ablation for very-early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) is a first?line treatment for very?early?stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), whereas the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation(MWA) for very?early?stage HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify this issue by comparing the safety and efficacy of percutaneous MWA with percutaneous RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC.Methods: Clinical data of 460 patients who were diagnosed with very?early?stage HCC and treated with percutane?ous MWA or RFA between January 2007 and July 2012 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Mili?tary Medical University, in Shanghai, China were retrospectively analyzed. Of these 460 patients, 159 received RFA, 301 received MWA. Overall survival(OS), recurrence?free survival(RFS), local tumor progression(LTP), complete ablation, and complication occurrence rates were compared between the two groups, and the prognostic factors associated with survival were analyzed.Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the 1?, 3?, or 5?year OS rates(99.3%, 90.4%, and 78.3% for MWA vs. 98.7%, 86.8%, and 73.3% for RFA, respectively; P = 0.331). Furthermore, no signif?icant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the corresponding RFS rates(94.4%, 71.8%, and 46.9% for MWA vs. 89.9%, 67.3%, and 54.9% for RFA, respectively; P ete ablation rates(98.3% vs. 98.1%, P = 0.309), the LTP rates(9.6% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.883), the compl multivariate analysis, LTP, an= 0.860), or the occurrence rates of major complications(0.7% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.691). Bytiviral therapy, and treatment of recurrence were independent risk fac?tors for OS(P < 0.001), and the alpha?fetoprotein level was an independent prognostic factor for RFS(P = 0.002).Conclusions: MWA is as safe and effective as RFA in treating very?early?stage HCC, supporting MWA as a first?line treatment option for this disease.

Hierarchical Honeycomb-Structured Electret/Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Biomechanical and Morphing Wing Energy Harvesting

Flexible,compact,lightweight and sustainable power sources are indispensable for modern wearable and personal electronics and small-unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Hierarchical honeycomb has the unique merits of compact mesostructures,excellent energy absorption properties and considerable weight to strength ratios.Herein,a honeycomb-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator(h-TENG)is proposed for biomechanical and UAV morphing wing energy harvesting based on contact triboelectrification wavy surface of cellular honeycomb structure.The wavy surface comprises a multilayered thin film structure(combining polyethylene terephthalate,silver nanowires and fluorinated ethylene propylene)fabricated through high-temperature thermoplastic molding and wafer-level bonding process.With superior synchronization of large amounts of energy generation units with honeycomb cells,the manufactured h-TENG prototype produces the maximum instantaneous open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current and output power of 1207 V,68.5μA and 12.4 mW,respectively,corresponding to a remarkable peak power density of 0.275 mW cm^(−3)(or 2.48 mW g^(−1))under hand pressing excitations.Attributed to the excellent elastic property of self-rebounding honeycomb structure,the flexible and transparent h-TENG can be easily pressed,bent and integrated into shoes for real-time insole plantar pressure mapping.The lightweight and compact h-TENG is further installed into a morphing wing of small UAVs for efficiently converting the flapping energy of ailerons into electricity for the first time.This research demonstrates this new conceptualizing single h-TENG device’s versatility and viability for broad-range real-world application scenarios.

Growth and differentiation of neural stem cells in a three-dimensional collagen gel scaffold

Collagen protein is an ideal scaffold material for the transplantation of neural stem cells. In this study rat neural stern cells were seeded into a three-dimensional collagen gel scaffold, with suspension cultured neural stem cells being used as a control group. Neural stem cells, which were cultured in medium containing epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, actively expanded and formed neurospheres in both culture groups. In serum-free medium conditions, the processes extended from neurospheres in the collagen gel group were much longer than those in the suspension culture group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that neurespheres cultured in collagen gels were stained positive for nestin and differentiated cells were stained positive for the neuronal marker βIII-tubulin, the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and the oligodendrocytic marker 2＇,3＇-cyclic nucleotide 3＇-phosphodiesterase. Compared with neurospheres cultured in suspension, the differentiation potential of neural stem cells cultured in collagen gels increased, with the formation of neurons at an early stage. Our results show that the three-dimensional collagen gel culture system is superior to suspension culture in the proliferation, differentiation and process outgrowth of neural stem cells.

Anti-diabetes Agents——I:Tetralone Derivative from Juglans regia

A new compound, 4-hydroxy-a-tetralone-4-O-b-D-[6-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl) glucopyranoside (1), together with a known compound, 4-hydroxy-a-tetralone (2), has been isolated from the roots of Juglans regia. 2 showed moderate bioactivity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).

Expression of interleukin-32 in bone marrow of patients with myeloma and its prognostic significance

BACKGROUND The guiding effect of prognostic stratification in multiple myeloma(MM) for treatment has been increasingly emphasized in recent years. The stratification of risk factors based on the International Staging System(ISS), Durie-Salmon(DS)staging and related indicators is affected by the renal function of patients,resulting in poor performance. This study assesses the relationship between interleukin-32(IL-32) and related risk factors in 67 patients with MM and their clinical outcomes.AIM To investigate the feasibility of IL-32 in evaluating prognosis in patients with MM and the factors influencing prognosis.METHODS This was a pragmatic, prospective observational study of patients with MM at a single center. According to IL-32 level, patients were divided into two groups.The variables under consideration included age, blood β2-microglobulin,albumin, C-reactive protein, serum calcium, serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, M protein type, ISS stage, DS stage, and IL-32 levels and minimal residual disease(MRD) after induction treatment. The main outcomes were progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS).RESULTS IL-32 was an important factor affecting PFS and OS in patients with MM.Compared with patients with IL-32 levels ≥ 856.4 pg/m L, patients with IL-32 levels < 856.4 pg/m L had longer PFS(P = 0.0387) and OS(P = 0.0379);Univariate analysis showed that IL-32 level and MRD were significantly associated with OS and PFS(P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-32 levels ≥ 856.4 pg/m L and MRD positive were still independent risk factors for OS and PFS(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION IL-32 is valuable for assessing the prognosis of MM patients. IL-32 level combined with MRD may be a useful routine evaluation index for MM patients after treatment.

Architectural Design and Additive Manufacturing of Mechanical Metamaterials:A Review

Mechanical metamaterials can be defined as a class of architected materials that exhibit unprecedented mechanical properties derived from designed artificial architectures rather than their constituent materials.While macroscale and simple layouts can be realized by conventional top-down manufacturing approaches,many of the sophisticated designs at various length scales remain elusive,due to the lack of adequate manufacturing methods.Recent progress in additive manufacturing(AM)has led to the realization of a myriad of novel metamaterial concepts.AM methods capable of fabricating microscale architectures with high resolution,arbitrary complexity,and high feature fidelity have enabled the rapid development of architected meta materials and drastically reduced the design-computation and experimental-validation cycle.This paper first provides a detailed review of various topologies based on the desired mechanical properties,including stiff,strong,and auxetic(negative Poisson’s ratio)metamaterials,followed by a discussion of the AM technologies capable of fabricating these metamaterials.Finally,we discuss current challenges and recommend future directions for AM and mechanical metamaterials.

The protocadherin alpha cluster is required for axon extension and myelination in the developing central nervous system

In adult mammals, axon regeneration after central nervous system injury is very poor, resulting in persistent functional loss. Enhancing the ability of axonal outgrowth may be a potential treatment strategy because mature neurons of the adult central nervous system may retain the intrinsic ability to regrow axons after injury. The protocadherin （Pcdh） clusters are thought to function in neuronal morphogenesis and in the assembly of neural circuitry in the brain. We cultured primary hippocampal neurons from E17.5 Pcdhα deletion （del-α） mouse embryos. After culture for 1 day, axon length was obviously shorter in del-α neurons compared with wild-type neurons. RNA sequencing of hippocampal E17.5 RNA showed that expression levels of BDNF, Fmod, Nrp2, OGN, and Sema3d, which are associated with axon extension, were significantly down-regulated in the absence of the Pcdhα gene cluster. Using transmission electron microscopy, the ratio of myelinated nerve fibers in the axons of del-α hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased; myelin sheaths of P21 Pcdhα-del mice showed lamellar disorder, discrete appearance, and vacuoles. These results indicate that the Pcdhα cluster can promote the growth and myelination of axons in the neurodevelopmental stage.

Constructing a multifunctional mesoporous composite of metallic cobalt nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxides for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Electrochemical properties of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are mainly hindered by both the insulating nature of elemental sulfur(i.e.,molecular S8)and the shuttling effect or sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfide intermediates(Li_(2)S_(n),3≤n≤8).In this paper,a three-dimensional mesoporous reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposite,with the embedding of metallic Co nanoparticles and the doping of elemental N(Co/NrGO),and its simply ground mixture with powdered S at a mass ratio of 1:6(Co/NrGO/S)are prepared and used as cathode-/separator-coated interlayers and working electrodes in assembled Li-S cells,respectively.One of the effective cell configurations is to paste composite Co/NrGO onto both the S-loading cathode and separator,showing good cycling stability(1070mAh g^(−1) in the 100th cycle at 0.2 C),highrate capability(835mAh g^(−1),2.0 C),and excellent durability(905mAh g^(−1) in the 250th cycle at 0.5 or 0.2 C).Compared with the experimental results of Co-absent NrGO,electrochemical properties of various Co/NrGO-based cell configurations clearly show multiple functions of Co/NrGO,indicating that the absence of Co/NrGO coatings and/or Co nanoparticles may be inadequate to achieve superior S availability of assembled Li-S batteries.

GRACE-based estimates of groundwater variations over North America from 2002 to 2017

GRACE-based estimates for groundwater storage(GWS)changes in North America substantially depend upon correction of glacialisostatic adjustment(GIA)effects,which are usually removed with GIA models.In this study,GIA effects are eliminated by employing an independent separation approach with the aid of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)vertical velocity data.Our goal is to provide an independent estimate for monthly GWS changes within North America in 1-degree-grids and their trends over the whole GRACE mission lifetime from April 2002 to June 2017.This estimate is derived from the release-6 version of GRACE monthly level-2 data,GNSS data,land surface models for soil moisture and snow wa-ter equivalent,and satellite altimetric lake leveldata.We find a GWS anomaly in form of an increasing trend in Saskatchewan,which affects the Saskatchewan Province and the states of Montana,North Dakota and Minnesota,and 4 GWS anomalies with declining trends in Nevada,California,Arizona and Texas,respec-tively.The monthly changes of these GWS anomalies,except for the one in Nevada,are validated by well level data.We provide results for average monthly GWS changes and the trends for the 5 anomalies but also in separate form for the 13 affected states or provinces.The increasing trends of the Saskatchewan GWS anomaly and the affected 3 states are related to increasing precipitation and can be elucidated by the decreasing drought intensity level.On the contrary,the declining trends in GWS can be explained by weakening precipitation and are mostly supported by the increasing drought intensity level in the other 4 anomalies and the affected states,which are Nevada,California,Arizona,New Mexico,Texas,Oklahoma,Kansas,and Colorado.Ourestimates of monthly GWS changes and their trendscan serveas alternativeand beneficial input for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in North America.

Effect of ball milling time on the microstructure and compressive properties of the Fe–Mn–Al porous steel

In the present work,Fe–Mn–Al–C powder mixtures were manufactured by elemental powders with different ball milling time,and the porous high-Mn and high-Al steel was fabricated by powder sintering.The results indicated that the powder size significantly decreased,and the morphology of the Fe powder tended to be increasingly flat as the milling time increased.However,the prolonged milling duration had limited impact on the phase transition of the powder mixture.The main phases of all the samples sintered at 640℃ were α-Fe,α-Mn and Al,and a small amount of Fe2Al5 and Al8Mn5.When the sintering temperature increased to 1200℃,the phase composition was mainly comprised of γ-Fe and α-Fe.The weight loss fraction of the sintered sample decreased with milling time,i.e.,8.3wt% after 20 h milling compared to15.3wt% for 10 h.The Mn depletion region(MDR) for the 10,15,and 20 h milled samples was about 780,600,and 370 μm,respectively.The total porosity of samples sintered at 640℃ decreased from ~46.6vol% for the 10 h milled powder to ~44.2vol% for 20 h milled powder.After sintering at 1200℃,the total porosity of sintered samples prepared by 10 and 20 h milled powder was ~58.3vol% and ~51.3vol%,respectively.The compressive strength and ductility of the 1200℃ sintered porous steel increased as the milling time increased.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene transfection promotes neuronal repair and neurite regeneration after diffuse axonal injury

This study sought to assess the potential of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） to promote neuronal repair and regeneration in rats with diffuse axonal injury, and to examine the accompanying neurobiological changes. BDNF gene transfection reduced the severity of the pathological changes associated with diffuse axonal injury in cortical neurons of the frontal lobe and increased neurofilament protein expression. These findings demonstrate that BDNF can effectively promote neuronal repair and neurite regeneration after diffuse axonal injury.

To Carry out Drug Consultation to Improve the Quality of Pharmacy Service in Outpatient Pharmacy

Objective:to explore the development of drug counseling service,strengthen the quality of pharmacy service in outpatient pharmacy,better service to patients,promote harmonious relations between doctors and patients.Methods:to analyze the necessity of drug consultation in outpatient pharmacy,in order to improve the quality of pharmacology service in outpatient pharmacy,we will discuss how to effectively provide drug counseling to improve the pharmacological service quality of outpatient pharmacy.Results:the implementation of the complete drug consultation process can effectively improve the quality of pharmaceutical work in outpatient pharmacy.Improve the patient's satisfaction with pharmaceutical work.Conclusion:with the perfection of the medical system,improving the quality of pharmaceutical service in outpatient service,and improving the quality of medical consultation,make it more systematic,normalization is important,only improving the quality of outpatient pharmacy service and strengthening the development of drug consultation work,to achieve the common progress of medical services.

Simplified Synthesis and Luminous Mechanism of Eu^(2+)-Doped A-Si_3N_4 Nanowires with Strong Green Luminescent Properties

Ultra-long,single crystal,Eu-doped α-Si3N4 nanowires were prepared by a simple approach involving nitriding Eu-doped cryomilled nanocrystalline Si powder in NH3 flow at 1350℃ for 4 h.Phases,chemical composition and microcosmic feature were tested by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron mi-

Phase Structures of Microemulsions Determined by the Steady-State Fluorescence Method

The steady-state fluorescence method has been tentatively used to determine the phase structures of microemulsion systems consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), n-butanol (n-C4H9OH), octane (n-C8H18), and water. The excimer/monomer intensity ratio (I-e/I-m) of pyrene has demonstrated that the various structures in the microemulsion phase region can be distinguished. The results are consistent with electrical conductivity data already reported.

Simvastatin nanoliposome induces myocardial and hepatic toxicities due to its absorption enhancement in mice

Nanoliposome is a useful dosage form to increase solubility and absorption of simvastatin(SMV), and consequently improves its therapeutic effects. However, in vivo toxicity of SMV could also be elevated accompanied by the absorption enhancement, which is a decisive factor for the clinical application of SMV nanoliposome(SMV-Lipo), but has not been studied systematically and reported so far. In this study, organ toxicity of SMV-Lipo was evaluated in mice in the presence and absence of isoproterenol and compared to those of free SMV. Results demonstrated that compared to free SMV, the SMV-Lipo administrated at an equal dose of 25 mg/kg/d led to severe myocardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity at baseline and more pronounced liver injury with elevation of alanine aminotransferase. In addition, muscular adverse effect was also observed in SMV-Lipo treated group but not in SMV group. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that compared to free SMV, the SMV-Lipo administration significantly improved the plasma SMV concentration, and the oral bioavailability was 6.5 times of free SMV. Notably, when the dosage of free SMV increased to 50 mg/kg/d, yielding the comparable plasma concentration as SMV-Lipo given at 25 mg/kg/d, the myocardiotoxicity was observed in free SMV treated mice as well, which further confirmed that the enhanced absorption of SMV by the nanoliposomal formulation resulted in more severe myocardiotoxicity than the equal dose of free SMV.

Studies on the Phase Behavior of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal in DAD/C_4OH/n-C_8H_(18)/D_2O System

The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,optical polarizing microscope and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) methods.The results indicate that the lamellar,hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals all exist in the above system.Keeping the weight ratio of DAD and C4OH constant,the microphase Structure,2H quadruple splitting and the interlayer spacing are all changed with the addition of deuteron.

Aerodynamic Analysis and Simulation of Flapping Wing Aerial Vehicles on Hovering

In order to design and verify control algorithms for flapping wing aerial vehicles(FWAVs),calculation models of the translational force,rotational force and virtual mass force were established with the basis on the modified quasi-steady aerodynamic theory and high lift mechanisms of insect flight.The simulation results show that the rotational force and virtual mass force can be ignored in the hovering FWAVs with simple harmonic motions in a cycle.The effects of the wing deformation on aerodynamic forces were investigated by regarding the maximum rotational angle of wingtip as a reference variable.The simulation results also show that the average lift coefficient increases and drag coefficient decreases with the increase of the maximum rotational angle of wingtip in the range of 0-90°.

Research progress on the treatment of spinal cord injury with cellular transplantation

Spinal cord injury（SCI） is a severe trauma to the central nervous system（CNS）. This article reviews recent advances in cellular transplantation to treat SCI. Transplanted cells can supply new neurons to replace injured ones, promote regeneration of axons and myelin sheath, modulate the inflammatory response, and thus promote recovery from traumatic injury of the CNS. Cellular transplantation is a promising potential method for the treatment of SCI.