Cold-source field-effect transistors(CS-FETs)have been developed to overcome the major challenge of power dissipation in modern integrated circuits.Cold metals suitable for n-type CS-FETs have been proposed as the ide...Cold-source field-effect transistors(CS-FETs)have been developed to overcome the major challenge of power dissipation in modern integrated circuits.Cold metals suitable for n-type CS-FETs have been proposed as the ideal electrode to filter the high-energy electrons and break the thermal limit on subthreshold swing(SS).In this work,regarding the p-type CS-FETs,we propose TcX_(2) and ReX_(2)(X=S,Se)as the injection source to realize the sub-thermal switching for holes.First-principles calculations unveils the cold-metal characteristics of monolayer TcX_(2) and ReX_(2),possessing a sub-gap below the Fermi level and a decreasing DOS with energy.Quantum device simulations demonstrate that TcX_(2) and ReX_(2) can enable the cold source effects in WSe_(2) p-type FETs,achieving steep SS of 29-38 mV/dec and high on/off ratios of(2.3-5.6)×10^(7).Moreover,multilayer Re S2retains the cold metal characteristic,thus ensuring similar CS-FET performances to that of the monolayer source.This work underlines the significance of cold metals for the design of p-type CS-FETs.展开更多
Arsenic(As)and mercury(Hg)are pollutants presented in marine environment.A process of atomic fluorescence spectrometry was proposed for the simultaneous determination of As and Hg in marine sediment samples(n=38)colle...Arsenic(As)and mercury(Hg)are pollutants presented in marine environment.A process of atomic fluorescence spectrometry was proposed for the simultaneous determination of As and Hg in marine sediment samples(n=38)collected from the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent East China Sea.The proposed method used an optimized pretreatment procedure in an aqua regia–H_(2)O digestion system.Recoveries of As and Hg increased to97%and 98%,respectively,with suitable precisions(2.7%–4.1%)under optimized process conditions.As and Hg were widely presented in these samples,with the ranges of content values were 2.39–8.77μg/g for As and48.03–410.8 ng/g for Hg.Results indicate that anthropogenic factors strongly influence the abundances of As and Hg in investigated samples.The preliminary environmental risk assessment was investigated using the Igeoaccumulation index(Igeo)and anthropogenic contribution rate(M).Findings reveal that Hg demonstrates a strong ecological risk(with average values of 1.3 and 72%for Igeo and M,respectively)in the sediments from the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent East China Sea.Therefore,Hg should be considered in future investigations.展开更多
In the current era of digital surveying and mapping to intelligent surveying and mapping,ubiquitous surveying and mapping has brought many opportunities and challenges to college engineering course teaching.With the d...In the current era of digital surveying and mapping to intelligent surveying and mapping,ubiquitous surveying and mapping has brought many opportunities and challenges to college engineering course teaching.With the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping,college engineering practice courses urgently need to respond to ubiquitous surveying and mapping.The research aims to integrate the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping into the teaching of engineering practice courses in colleges,including promoting Android,Brower/Server(B/S),and Client/Server(C/S)to build a platform for practice courses.This also incorporates real development cases in measurement data processing such as gravity field refinement.In this way,the teaching level of engineering practice courses in colleges can be improved,and new ideas can be put forward for cultivating surveying and mapping talents in the new era in colleges.Finally,it can also provide new ideas for the organization of surveying and mapping practice courses under the background of the pandemic.展开更多
Interpreting genes of interest is essential for identifying molecular mechanisms,but acquiring such information typically involves tedious manual retrieval.To streamline this process,the fanyi package offers tools to ...Interpreting genes of interest is essential for identifying molecular mechanisms,but acquiring such information typically involves tedious manual retrieval.To streamline this process,the fanyi package offers tools to retrieve gene information from sources like National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),significantly enhancing accessibility.Additionally,understanding the latest research advancements and sharing achievements are crucial for junior researchers.However,language barriers often restrict knowledge absorption and career development.To address these challenges,we developed the fanyi package,which leverages artificial intelligence(AI)-driven online translation services to accurately translate among multiple languages.This dual functionality allows researchers to quickly capture and comprehend information,promotes a multilingual environment,and fosters innovation in academic community.Meanwhile,the translation functions are versatile and applicable beyond biomedicine research to other domains as well.The fanyi package is freely available at https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/fanyi.展开更多
The molecular clock model is fundamental for inferring species divergence times from molecular sequences.However,its direct application may introduce significant biases due to sequencing errors,recombination events,an...The molecular clock model is fundamental for inferring species divergence times from molecular sequences.However,its direct application may introduce significant biases due to sequencing errors,recombination events,and inaccurately labeled sampling times.Improving accuracy necessitates rigorous quality control measures to identify and remove potentially erroneous sequences.Furthermore,while not all branches of a phylogenetic tree may exhibit a clear temporal signal,specific branches may still adhere to the assumptions,with varying evolutionary rates.Supporting a relaxed molecular clock model better aligns with the complexities of evolution.The root-to-tip regression method has been widely used to analyze the temporal signal in phylogenetic studies and can be generalized for detecting other phylogenetic signals.Despite its utility,there remains a lack of corresponding software implementations for broader applications.To address this gap,we present shinyTempSignal,an interactive web application implemented with the shiny framework,available as an R package and publicly accessible at https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/shinyTempSignal.This tool facilitates the analysis of temporal and other phylogenetic signals under both strict and relaxed models.By extending the root-to-tip regression method to diverse signals,shinyTempSignal helps in the detection of evolving features or traits,thereby laying the foundation for deeper insights and subsequent analyses.展开更多
Dear Editor,Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide,and the cancer situation is becoming more complicated(Zhou et al.,2022).The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)Monographs Working Group c...Dear Editor,Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide,and the cancer situation is becoming more complicated(Zhou et al.,2022).The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)Monographs Working Group classified night shift work as probably carcinogenic(Group 2A)to humans in2019(Ward et al.,2019).展开更多
The data output from microbiome research is growing at an accelerating rate,yet mining the data quickly and efficiently remains difficult.There is still a lack of an effective data structure to represent and manage da...The data output from microbiome research is growing at an accelerating rate,yet mining the data quickly and efficiently remains difficult.There is still a lack of an effective data structure to represent and manage data,as well as flexible and composable analysis methods.In response to these two issues,we designed and developed the MicrobiotaProcess package.It provides a comprehensive data structure,MPSE,to better integrate the primary and intermediate data,which improves the integration and exploration of the downstream data.Around this data structure,the downstream analysis tasks are decomposed and a set of functions are designed under a tidy framework.These functions independently perform simple tasks and can be combined to perform complex tasks.展开更多
The evolutionary dynamics of cancer,characterized by its profound heterogeneity,demand sophisticated tools for a holistic understanding.This review delves into tumor phylogenetics,an essential approach bridging evolu-...The evolutionary dynamics of cancer,characterized by its profound heterogeneity,demand sophisticated tools for a holistic understanding.This review delves into tumor phylogenetics,an essential approach bridging evolu-tionary biology with oncology,offering unparalleled insights into cancer’s evolutionary trajectory.We provide an overview of the workflow,encompassing study design,data acquisition,and phylogeny reconstruction.No-tably,the integration of diverse data sets emerges as a transformative step,enhancing the depth and breadth of evolutionary insights.With this integrated perspective,tumor phylogenetics stands poised to redefine our understanding of cancer evolution and influence therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Magnetic CuO nanosheet(Mag-CuO), as a cheap, stable, efficient and easily separated peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activator, was prepared by a simple one-step precipitation method for the removal of organic compounds from sa...Magnetic CuO nanosheet(Mag-CuO), as a cheap, stable, efficient and easily separated peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activator, was prepared by a simple one-step precipitation method for the removal of organic compounds from salt-containing wastewater.The experiments showed that the removal efficiencies of various organic pollutants including Acid Orange 7, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and atrazine in a high-salinity system(0.2 mol/L Na2SO4) with the Mag-CuO/PMS process were 95.81%, 74.57%, 100% and 100%,respectively.Meanwhile, Mag-CuO still maintained excellent catalytic activity in other salt systems including one or more salt components(NaCl, NaNO3, Na2HPO4, NaHCO3).A radical-quenching study and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that singlet oxygen(1O2) was the dominant reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of organic pollutants in high-salinity systems, which is less susceptible to hindrance by background constituents in wastewater than radicals(·OH or SO4·-).The surface hydroxylation of the catalyst and catalytic redox cycle including Cu and Fe are responsible for the generation of1O2.The developed Mag-CuO catalyst shows good application prospects for the removal of organic pollutants from saline wastewater.展开更多
This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion(CLC)using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor.The effects of several paramet...This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion(CLC)using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor.The effects of several parameters,such as temperature in the fuel reactor(FR)and air reactor(AR),gasification medium in the FR,and reaction atmosphere in the AR,on mercury release characteristics,were investigated.The mercury speciation and release amount in the FR and AR under different conditions were further explored.The results indicate that most of the mercury in coal was released in the FR,while the rest of it was released in the AR.Hg0 was found to be the major species in the released mercury.The results also indicate that a higher temperature in the FR led to an increase in the total mercury release amount and a decrease in Hg0 proportion.However,a higher temperature in the AR resulted in a decrease in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.The increase in the H2O/CO2 ratio of gasification mediums in the FR was beneficial for the increase in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.A higher O2 concentration in reaction atmosphere in AR had a negligible effect on the total mercury release amount,but a positive effect on Hg0 oxidization.展开更多
The pursuit to comprehend the intricate nature of the brain,an organ of unparalleled complexity,remains a persistent endeavor in the field of neuroscience.1 Recent strides by the National Institutes of Health’s BRAIN...The pursuit to comprehend the intricate nature of the brain,an organ of unparalleled complexity,remains a persistent endeavor in the field of neuroscience.1 Recent strides by the National Institutes of Health’s BRAIN Initiative–Cell Census Network(BICCN)have yielded comprehensive cellular atlases for mice and humans,2,3 published in Nature and Science,respectively.Additionally,a 3D cell-type atlas of the macaque brain,contributed by Cell,offers profound insights into non-human primate cortical intricacies.4 These collaborative initiatives,driven by the US’s BICCN and China’s Brain Project,represent a significant leap forward in unraveling the cellular intricacies of the brain,culminating in groundbreaking exploration across mice,non-human primates,and humans.The confluence of these works serves to elucidate the intricate cellular landscapes of the brain through a multiomics approach,signifying a pivotal advancement in neuroscience research toward comprehensive understanding and collaborative exploration(Figure 1).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62034006,92264201,and 62104134)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant Nos.ZR2023QF076 and ZR2023QF054)。
文摘Cold-source field-effect transistors(CS-FETs)have been developed to overcome the major challenge of power dissipation in modern integrated circuits.Cold metals suitable for n-type CS-FETs have been proposed as the ideal electrode to filter the high-energy electrons and break the thermal limit on subthreshold swing(SS).In this work,regarding the p-type CS-FETs,we propose TcX_(2) and ReX_(2)(X=S,Se)as the injection source to realize the sub-thermal switching for holes.First-principles calculations unveils the cold-metal characteristics of monolayer TcX_(2) and ReX_(2),possessing a sub-gap below the Fermi level and a decreasing DOS with energy.Quantum device simulations demonstrate that TcX_(2) and ReX_(2) can enable the cold source effects in WSe_(2) p-type FETs,achieving steep SS of 29-38 mV/dec and high on/off ratios of(2.3-5.6)×10^(7).Moreover,multilayer Re S2retains the cold metal characteristic,thus ensuring similar CS-FET performances to that of the monolayer source.This work underlines the significance of cold metals for the design of p-type CS-FETs.
基金The High-level Talents Scientific Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University under contract No.663/1119027。
文摘Arsenic(As)and mercury(Hg)are pollutants presented in marine environment.A process of atomic fluorescence spectrometry was proposed for the simultaneous determination of As and Hg in marine sediment samples(n=38)collected from the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent East China Sea.The proposed method used an optimized pretreatment procedure in an aqua regia–H_(2)O digestion system.Recoveries of As and Hg increased to97%and 98%,respectively,with suitable precisions(2.7%–4.1%)under optimized process conditions.As and Hg were widely presented in these samples,with the ranges of content values were 2.39–8.77μg/g for As and48.03–410.8 ng/g for Hg.Results indicate that anthropogenic factors strongly influence the abundances of As and Hg in investigated samples.The preliminary environmental risk assessment was investigated using the Igeoaccumulation index(Igeo)and anthropogenic contribution rate(M).Findings reveal that Hg demonstrates a strong ecological risk(with average values of 1.3 and 72%for Igeo and M,respectively)in the sediments from the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent East China Sea.Therefore,Hg should be considered in future investigations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41930101,41861061)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M660091XB)+10 种基金Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Higher Education Institutions in Gansu Province(No.2020A-037)State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial InformationTechnology of MNR,CASM(No.2022-01-13)Key Laboratory of Geography and National Condition Monitoring,Ministry of NaturalResources(No.2022NGCM01)Open Research Fund Program of the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center(No.E01Z790201/2021kf07)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Nos.20JR10RA271,21JR7RA317)Young Scholars Science Foundationof Lanzhou Jiaotong University(No.2019003)“Young Scientific and Technological Talents Lifting Project”Project of GansuProvince in 2020(Li Wei)“Tianyou Youth Lifting Project”Program of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(Li Wei)Innovation andEntrepreneurship Education Reform and Cultivation Project in Gansu Province(No.1A50190117)Teaching and Research Project ofHexi University(No.HXXYJY-2019-27)Higher Education Teaching Achievement Cultivation Project in Gansu Province:Reformand Application of Practical Teaching System of“Engineering Measurement”Course under the Background of New Engineering。
文摘In the current era of digital surveying and mapping to intelligent surveying and mapping,ubiquitous surveying and mapping has brought many opportunities and challenges to college engineering course teaching.With the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping,college engineering practice courses urgently need to respond to ubiquitous surveying and mapping.The research aims to integrate the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping into the teaching of engineering practice courses in colleges,including promoting Android,Brower/Server(B/S),and Client/Server(C/S)to build a platform for practice courses.This also incorporates real development cases in measurement data processing such as gravity field refinement.In this way,the teaching level of engineering practice courses in colleges can be improved,and new ideas can be put forward for cultivating surveying and mapping talents in the new era in colleges.Finally,it can also provide new ideas for the organization of surveying and mapping practice courses under the background of the pandemic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32270677).
文摘Interpreting genes of interest is essential for identifying molecular mechanisms,but acquiring such information typically involves tedious manual retrieval.To streamline this process,the fanyi package offers tools to retrieve gene information from sources like National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),significantly enhancing accessibility.Additionally,understanding the latest research advancements and sharing achievements are crucial for junior researchers.However,language barriers often restrict knowledge absorption and career development.To address these challenges,we developed the fanyi package,which leverages artificial intelligence(AI)-driven online translation services to accurately translate among multiple languages.This dual functionality allows researchers to quickly capture and comprehend information,promotes a multilingual environment,and fosters innovation in academic community.Meanwhile,the translation functions are versatile and applicable beyond biomedicine research to other domains as well.The fanyi package is freely available at https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/fanyi.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270677).
文摘The molecular clock model is fundamental for inferring species divergence times from molecular sequences.However,its direct application may introduce significant biases due to sequencing errors,recombination events,and inaccurately labeled sampling times.Improving accuracy necessitates rigorous quality control measures to identify and remove potentially erroneous sequences.Furthermore,while not all branches of a phylogenetic tree may exhibit a clear temporal signal,specific branches may still adhere to the assumptions,with varying evolutionary rates.Supporting a relaxed molecular clock model better aligns with the complexities of evolution.The root-to-tip regression method has been widely used to analyze the temporal signal in phylogenetic studies and can be generalized for detecting other phylogenetic signals.Despite its utility,there remains a lack of corresponding software implementations for broader applications.To address this gap,we present shinyTempSignal,an interactive web application implemented with the shiny framework,available as an R package and publicly accessible at https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/shinyTempSignal.This tool facilitates the analysis of temporal and other phylogenetic signals under both strict and relaxed models.By extending the root-to-tip regression method to diverse signals,shinyTempSignal helps in the detection of evolving features or traits,thereby laying the foundation for deeper insights and subsequent analyses.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82203579,82271528)the Peking University Sixth Hospital Scientific Research Cultivation Fund(PY21003)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC0863700,2019YFA0706200)the National Programs for Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology of China(2021ZD0200800,2021ZD0200700)。
文摘Dear Editor,Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide,and the cancer situation is becoming more complicated(Zhou et al.,2022).The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)Monographs Working Group classified night shift work as probably carcinogenic(Group 2A)to humans in2019(Ward et al.,2019).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270677).
文摘The data output from microbiome research is growing at an accelerating rate,yet mining the data quickly and efficiently remains difficult.There is still a lack of an effective data structure to represent and manage data,as well as flexible and composable analysis methods.In response to these two issues,we designed and developed the MicrobiotaProcess package.It provides a comprehensive data structure,MPSE,to better integrate the primary and intermediate data,which improves the integration and exploration of the downstream data.Around this data structure,the downstream analysis tasks are decomposed and a set of functions are designed under a tidy framework.These functions independently perform simple tasks and can be combined to perform complex tasks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(approval number:32270677).
文摘The evolutionary dynamics of cancer,characterized by its profound heterogeneity,demand sophisticated tools for a holistic understanding.This review delves into tumor phylogenetics,an essential approach bridging evolu-tionary biology with oncology,offering unparalleled insights into cancer’s evolutionary trajectory.We provide an overview of the workflow,encompassing study design,data acquisition,and phylogeny reconstruction.No-tably,the integration of diverse data sets emerges as a transformative step,enhancing the depth and breadth of evolutionary insights.With this integrated perspective,tumor phylogenetics stands poised to redefine our understanding of cancer evolution and influence therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the National Water Pollution Control and Management Program of China (No.2017ZX07107002).
文摘Magnetic CuO nanosheet(Mag-CuO), as a cheap, stable, efficient and easily separated peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activator, was prepared by a simple one-step precipitation method for the removal of organic compounds from salt-containing wastewater.The experiments showed that the removal efficiencies of various organic pollutants including Acid Orange 7, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and atrazine in a high-salinity system(0.2 mol/L Na2SO4) with the Mag-CuO/PMS process were 95.81%, 74.57%, 100% and 100%,respectively.Meanwhile, Mag-CuO still maintained excellent catalytic activity in other salt systems including one or more salt components(NaCl, NaNO3, Na2HPO4, NaHCO3).A radical-quenching study and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that singlet oxygen(1O2) was the dominant reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of organic pollutants in high-salinity systems, which is less susceptible to hindrance by background constituents in wastewater than radicals(·OH or SO4·-).The surface hydroxylation of the catalyst and catalytic redox cycle including Cu and Fe are responsible for the generation of1O2.The developed Mag-CuO catalyst shows good application prospects for the removal of organic pollutants from saline wastewater.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51676101,51806107).
文摘This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion(CLC)using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor.The effects of several parameters,such as temperature in the fuel reactor(FR)and air reactor(AR),gasification medium in the FR,and reaction atmosphere in the AR,on mercury release characteristics,were investigated.The mercury speciation and release amount in the FR and AR under different conditions were further explored.The results indicate that most of the mercury in coal was released in the FR,while the rest of it was released in the AR.Hg0 was found to be the major species in the released mercury.The results also indicate that a higher temperature in the FR led to an increase in the total mercury release amount and a decrease in Hg0 proportion.However,a higher temperature in the AR resulted in a decrease in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.The increase in the H2O/CO2 ratio of gasification mediums in the FR was beneficial for the increase in the total mercury release amount and Hg 0 proportion.A higher O2 concentration in reaction atmosphere in AR had a negligible effect on the total mercury release amount,but a positive effect on Hg0 oxidization.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270677)Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2024A04J5003).
文摘The pursuit to comprehend the intricate nature of the brain,an organ of unparalleled complexity,remains a persistent endeavor in the field of neuroscience.1 Recent strides by the National Institutes of Health’s BRAIN Initiative–Cell Census Network(BICCN)have yielded comprehensive cellular atlases for mice and humans,2,3 published in Nature and Science,respectively.Additionally,a 3D cell-type atlas of the macaque brain,contributed by Cell,offers profound insights into non-human primate cortical intricacies.4 These collaborative initiatives,driven by the US’s BICCN and China’s Brain Project,represent a significant leap forward in unraveling the cellular intricacies of the brain,culminating in groundbreaking exploration across mice,non-human primates,and humans.The confluence of these works serves to elucidate the intricate cellular landscapes of the brain through a multiomics approach,signifying a pivotal advancement in neuroscience research toward comprehensive understanding and collaborative exploration(Figure 1).