Realizing the potential of exploiting human IPSCs and their derivatives in research of Down syndrome

Down syndrome(DS)is a genetic condition characterized by intellectual disability,delayed brain development,and early onset Alzheimer’s disease.The use of primary neural cells and tissues is important for understanding this disease,but there are ethical and practical issues,including availability from patients and experimental manipulability.Moreover,there are significant genetic and physiological differences between animal models and humans,which limits the translation of the findings in animal studies to humans.Advancements in induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC)technology have revolutionized DS research by providing a valuable tool for studying the cellular and molecular pathologies associated with DS.Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from cells obtained from DS patients contain the patient’s entire genome including trisomy 21.Trisomic iPSCs as well as their derived cells or organoids can be useful for disease modeling,investigating the molecular mechanisms,and developing potential strategies for treating or alleviating DS.In this review,we focus on the use of iPSCs and their derivatives obtained from DS individuals and healthy humans for DS research.We summarize the findings from the past decade of DS studies using iPSCs and their derivatives.We also discuss studies using iPSC technology to investigate DS-associated genes(e.g.,APP,OLIG1,OLIG2,RUNX1,and DYRK1A)and abnormal phenotypes(e.g.,dysregulated mitochondria and leukemia risk).Lastly,we review the different strategies for mitigating the limitations of iPSCs and their derivatives,for alleviating the phenotypes,and for developing therapies.

多重限域几何中的化学键助力Bi_(2)Se_(3)基转换-合金负极材料实现优异的钠离子储存

转换-合金基材料被认为是低成本钠离子电池最有价值的负极之一,然而大的体积变化、差的电化学动力学行为成为了阻碍其应用的关键科学问题.在本文中,超薄纳米片自组装Bi_(2)Se_(3)纳米花通过强健的C-O-Bi化学键合作用被锚定在还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)上,并被氮掺杂碳纳米层(NC)紧密地包裹,构筑出的Bi_(2)Se_(3)@rGO@NC复合材料被用于钠离子电池负极.物理化学限域几何有助于通过容纳大的晶格应变而获得优异的电极完整性,同时通过消除带隙并降低钠离子扩散势垒促进良好的动力学过程.钠离子的插入/脱出是通过以铋离子为氧化还原位点的转换-合金双重反应机制进行的,其中每个分子式单元可实现12个电子的传输(Bi_(2)Se_(3)+12Na^(+)+12e^(−)↔2Na_(3)Bi+3Na_(2)Se).因此Bi_(2)Se_(3)@rGO@NC电极在50 mA g^(-1)电流密度下呈现出高达288.4 mA h g^(-1)的首次充电容量,同时具有超过1000次的超长循环寿命与优异的倍率性能(在5.0 A g^(-1)电流密度下容量为119.9 mA h g^(-1)).本工作为转换-合金负极的系统研究奠定了基础,为钠离子电池电化学反应机理的阐明提供了新的思路.

Lanthanide-containing persistent luminescence materials with superbright red afterglow and excellent solution processability

Lanthanide-containing persistent luminescence materials are promising candidates for a wide range of applications by virtue of splendid superiorities in afterglow performance.However,it is a crucial challenge to achieve high-quality afterglow materials at the attractive nanoscale,with uniform size,controllable morphology,and satisfying brightness.Herein,a bottom-up approach was developed to construct the high-quality afterglow nanoparticles,incorporating luminescent lanthanide complex and organic molecular ingredients under mild conditions.These nanoparticles exhibited intrinsic lanthanide luminescence with superbright red afterglow(>10 cd m^(−2))in a homogeneous solution.The afterglow solution with excellent processability can serve as ideal building blocks for the on-demand fabrication of functional nanomaterials.Water-dispersible afterglow nanoparticles with state-of-the-art high brightness were uniformly constructed to perform whole-blood lateral flow assay of procalcitonin with a naked-eye detection limit of 0.5 ng mL^(−1),promoting the point-of-care testing development.

Linking elements to outcomes of knowledge transfer in the project environment: Current review and future direction

A project is a specific effort to create a unique product,so it is a favorable place for knowledge creation and development.Knowledge can be transferred inside and outside projects and their parent project-based organizations,thus affecting project performance and organizational competitiveness.However,the current research on the elements and outcomes of knowledge transfer(KT)in the project environment lacks completeness and clarity,and that on the different levels of KT is fragmented.This study aims to conduct comprehensive research to determine and link the elements and outcomes of KT in the project environment.The authors systematically analyzed the relevant literature from 2000 to 2021,which showed an increasing publication trend.They divided KT in the project environment into three levels according to the transfer scenario:Intra-project,cross-project,and cross-organizational KT.Five-dimensional transfer elements and two-dimensional transfer outcomes were then identified and analyzed from previous literature.Lastly,the relationships between the transfer elements and outcomes were gathered to create a comprehensive model.Importantly,the knowledge gap in the current literature was highlighted,and future research directions were put forward.This study builds a theoretical framework linking transfer elements to outcomes that can serve as a basis for scholars and practitioners to develop effective strategies for KT in the project environment.

SnTe nanoparticles physicochemically encapsulated by double carbon as conversion-alloying anode materials for superior potassium-ion batteries

Telluride tin(SnTe)is a promising conversion-alloying anode for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to its high theoretical specific capacity induced by multi-electron transport reaction and low operating voltage,whereas huge volume expansion and poor kinetics behavior become key scientific bottleneck limiting the battery performances.Herein,SnTe nanoparticles physicochemically wrapped by graphene and nitrogen-doped carbon(SnTe@rGO@NC)are proposed as anode materials for PIBs.The pre-electrostatic interaction urges the formation of Sn-C and Te-C chemical bonds between SnTe and double carbon to strengthen the interfacial stability and electron transfer,and the conductive architecture with hierarchical encapsulation effect is beneficial to maintaining the electrode integrity and electrochemical dynamics.It is demon-strated from first principles calculations and experimental results that SnTe@rGO@NC contributes fast electron transmission,strong K-ion adsorption,and superior K-ion diffusion capability.Ex-situ characteri-zations uncover that SnTe undergoes conversion-alloying dual-mechanism with the products of K_(2)Te and K_(4)Sn_(23)replied on Sn redox site(23SnTe+50K^(+)+50e^(-)↔K_(4)Sn_(23)+23K_(2)Te).Thus,the SnTe@rGO@NC electrode delivers a high initial charge specific capacity of 243.9 mAh g^(-1)at 50 mA g^(-1),superior rate performance(112.6 mAh g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)),and outstanding cyclic stability at various current densities.