Combined linkage and association mapping reveals two major QTL for stripe rust adult plant resistance in Shaanmai 155 and their haplotype variation in common wheat germplasm

The development and deployment of diverse resistance sources in new wheat cultivars underpin the durable control of stripe rust.In the present study,two loci for adult plant resistance(APR),QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,were identified in the Chinese wheat breeding line Shaanmai 155.QYr SM155.1 was mapped to a 3.0-c M interval between the single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers AX-109583610 and AX-110907562 on chromosome arm 2 BL.QYr SM155.2 was mapped to a 2.1-c M interval flanked by the SNP markers AX-110378556 and AX-86173526 on chromosome arm 7 AS.A genome-wide association study was used to identify markers associated with APR in a panel of 411 spring wheat lines.Thirteen and 11 SNPs were significantly associated with QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2,respectively,corresponding to physical intervals of 653.75–655.52 Mb on 2 BL and 81.63–83.93 Mb on7 AS.To characterize the haplotype variation and the distribution of these QTL,haplotype analysis was performed based on these SNPs in an independent panel of 1101 worldwide wheat accessions.Three major haplotypes(2 B_h1,2 B_h2,and 2 B_h3)for QYr SM155.1 and four major haplotypes(7 A_h1,7 A_h2,7 A_h3,and 7 A_h4)for QYr SM155.2 were identified.Accessions individually harboring QYr SM155.1_h1 and QYr SM155.2_h1 haplotypes and their combination displayed resistance.Additional assays of 1306 current Chinese cultivars and breeding lines using markers flanking QYr SM155.1 and QYr SM155.2 indicated that the resistance haplotypes of the two QTL were present in respectively 1.45%and 14.16%of lines.Increasing resistance haplotype frequencies at these two loci using marker-assisted selection should benefit wheat production in China.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders,mental health,genetic susceptibility,and incident chronic kidney disease

Background:Whether functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)are associated with the long-term risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)remains unclear.We aimed to investigate the prospective association of FGIDs with CKD and examine whether mental health mediated the association.Methods:About 416,258 participants without a prior CKD diagnosis enrolled in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 were included.Participants with FGIDs(including irritable bowel syndrome[IBS],dyspepsia,and other functional intestinal disorders[FIDs;mainly composed of constipation])were the exposure group,and non-FGID participants were the non-exposure group.The primary outcome was incident CKD,ascertained from hospital admission and death registry records.A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to investigate the association between FGIDs and CKD,and the mediation analysis was performed to investigate the mediation proportions of mental health.Results:At baseline,33,156(8.0%)participants were diagnosed with FGIDs,including 21,060(5.1%),8262(2.0%),and 6437(1.6%)cases of IBS,dyspepsia,and other FIDs,respectively.During a mean follow-up period of 12.1 years,11,001(2.6%)participants developed CKD.FGIDs were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident CKD compared to the absence of FGIDs(hazard ratio[HR],1.36;95%confidence interval[CI],1.28-1.44).Similar results were observed for IBS(HR,1.27;95%CI,1.17-1.38),dyspepsia(HR,1.30;95%CI,1.17-1.44),and other FIDs(HR,1.60;95%CI,1.43-1.79).Mediation analyses suggested that the mental health score significantly mediated 9.05%of the association of FGIDs with incident CKD and 5.63-13.97%of the associations of FGID subtypes with CKD.Specifically,the positive associations of FGIDs and FGID subtypes with CKD were more pronounced in participants with a high genetic risk of CKD.Conclusion:Participants with FGIDs had a higher risk of incident CKD,which was partly explained by mental health scores and was more pronounced in those with high genetic susceptibility to CKD.

J-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension:a nationwide cohort study in China

We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset hypertension among Chinese adults.A total of 12,177 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included.Dietary intake was assessed by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory.Participants with systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset hypertension.During a median follow-up duration of 6.1 years,4269 participants developed new-onset hypertension.Overall,the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension followed a J-shape(P for non-linearity<0.001).The risk of new-onset hypertension significantly decreased with the increment of dietary zinc intake(per mg/day:hazard ratio(HR)0.93;95%confidence interval(CI)0.88–0.98)in participants with zinc intake<10.9 mg/day,and increased with the increment of zinc intake(per mg/day:HR 1.14;95%CI 1.11–1.16)in participants with zinc intake≥10.9 mg/day.In conclusion,there was a J-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults,with an inflection point at about 10.9 mg/day.

Spin-related electronic pathway through single molecule on Au(111)

Spin properties of organic molecules have attracted great interest for their potential applications in spintronic devices and quantum computing.Fe-tetraphenyl porphyrin(Fe TPP)is of particular interest for its robust magnetic properties on metallic substrates.Fe TPP is prepared in vacuum via on-surface synthesis.Molecular structure and spin-related transport properties are characterized by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope and spectroscopy at 0.5 K.Density functional theory calculations are performed to understand molecular adsorption and spin distribution on Au(111).The molecular structure of Fe TPP is distorted upon adsorption on the substrate.Spin excitations of Fe TPP are observed on the Fe atom and high pyrrole groups in differential conductance spectra.The calculated spin density distribution indicates that the electron spin of Fe TPP is mainly distributed on the Fe atom.The atomic transmission calculation indicates that electrons transport to substrate is mediated through Fe atom,when the tip is above the high pyrrole group.