城市建成区自生草本植物群落的物种多样性与功能多样性——以深圳市为例

城市自生草本植物的物种多样性和功能多样性直接影响城市生态系统的功能和稳定性,但目前相关研究依然很缺乏。以深圳市为例,基于建成区600个1hm2样地的现场调查数据,分析自生草本植物的群落结构、物种多样性、群落功能特征及功能多样性。结果显示:①调查共记录自生草本植物61科178属273种,其中多年生草本占54.6%,乡土植物占65.6%。②占明显优势的功能特征有中小型叶(91.85%)、草质叶(42.59%)、纸质叶(32.96%)、叶片无毛或近无毛(56.67%)、中等密度绒毛(40.37%)、叶面较粗糙(52.59%)、花期4—6个月(50.78%)、果期4—6个月(49.22%)、干果(86.03%)。③群落类型间功能丰富度FDp、功能离散度Rao二次熵差异极显著(P<0.01)、功能均匀度FEve差异显著(P<0.05)。④公园绿地的物种多样性指数明显高于其他三类绿地;不同绿地类型间的功能丰富度和功能离散度在滞尘、降噪、降温增湿及生物多样性保护方面都有极显著差异(P<0.01),功能均匀度只在滞尘及生物多样性保护方面差异极显著(P<0.01)。⑤各功能多样性指数均与Margalef指数、Simpson指数及Shannon⁃Wiener指数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。研究结论和方法为维护城市生态系统稳定性、建设生态宜居城市、促进城市可持续发展提供理论依据。

Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating

Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being.By merely broadening the setpoint of indoor temperatures,we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning systems.In recent years,there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management(PTM),aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings,clothing,and skin.The advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and engineering.An emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management(PRTM),which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of regulation.However,it is less taken into account in traditional textiles,and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of PRTM.In this review,we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for PRTM.Specifically,we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms,fabrication methods of textiles,and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities,including radiative cooling,radiative heating,and dual-mode thermoregulation.Furthermore,we will shine a light on the current hurdles,propose potential strategies,and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.

学校氛围对西部农村学生校园欺凌的影响机制研究--一项有中介的调节模型

通过对广西5040名农村中小学生进行问卷调查发现:相较于非留守儿童,留守儿童遭受更多校园欺凌、具有更低社会情感能力发展水平和更消极的学校氛围认知与感受;学生社会情感能力对校园欺凌具有稳定负向预测作用,成为防治校园欺凌的重要保护性因素;学校氛围各维度对直接防治校园欺凌具有“双刃性”,其中,师生情感和同伴关系对校园欺凌具有稳定的保护性作用,而物质环境和外部环境表现出风险性特征;学生社会情感能力在师生情感、同伴关系与校园欺凌之间发挥部分中介作用,而在物质环境、外部环境和校园欺凌之间具有遮掩效应;留守情况对学校氛围各维度与校园欺凌的关系具有调节作用,表现为学校氛围各维度对留守儿童社会情感能力的促进作用显著小于非留守儿童,进而容易导致留守儿童比非留守儿童遭受更多校园欺凌。对此,各教育主体应该重视西部农村学生尤其是留守儿童的校园欺凌问题,营造支持性教育氛围并构建闭环的社会支持链,充分发挥学生社会情感能力的防治功效,切实保护每个学生免遭校园欺凌。

护士对脑卒中住院患者口腔护理的知信行调查研究

目的调查分析护士对脑卒中住院患者的口腔护理知识、态度、行为现状及其影响因素。方法采用自行编制的脑卒中口腔护理知信行问卷、一般自我效能感量表对四川省5所综合性三级甲等医院的524名护士进行调查,并通过单因素及多因素分析方法,筛选影响护士对脑卒中住院患者的口腔护理知识、态度、行为的因素。结果收集护士对脑卒中住院患者口腔护理知信行得分,多因素线性回归分析结果显示,工作年限、是否热爱职业、一般自我效能感是知识得分的主要影响因素(P<0.05);是否热爱职业、是否接受过口腔护理培训、一般自我效能感是信念得分的主要影响因素(P<0.05);文化程度、是否热爱职业、是否参与过口腔健康相关科研工作、是否接受过口腔护理培训、一般自我效能感是行为得分的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论护士对脑卒中患者口腔护理知识掌握良好,但信念及行为水平仍有待提高。今后需根据护士不同特征开展相关培训,同时注重激发护士职业热爱度及自我效能感,以提高脑卒中患者的口腔护理水平。

国内外脑卒中高危人群相关研究的可视化分析

目的对脑卒中高危人群相关研究现状进行可视化分析,探讨研究热点及未来研究趋势。方法检索建库至2023年4月中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心数据库中脑卒中高危人群相关文献,利用CiteSpace6.2软件从文章作者、机构、国家、关键词等方面进行知识图谱分析。结果共纳入1479篇文献,其中中文1169篇,英文310篇。除主题相关关键词外,国内高频关键词有危险因素、筛查、高血压等。国外高频关键词有risk factors、cerebral infarction、atrial fibrillation等。结论脑卒中高危人群研究领域目前的研究热度较高,其中开发和利用脑卒中危险因素监测或预测工具,将研究方向从人群调查转变为个体预防健康管理值得未来关注。

Research progress in CALPHAD assisted metal additive manufacturing

Metal additive manufacturing(MAM)technology has experienced rapid development in recent years.As both equipment and materials progress towards increased maturity and commercialization,material metallurgy technology based on high energy sources has become a key factor influencing the future development of MAM.The calculation of phase diagrams(CALPHAD)is an essential method and tool for constructing multi-component phase diagrams by employing experimental phase diagrams and Gibbs free energy models of simple systems.By combining with the element mobility data and non-equilibrium phase transition model,it has been widely used in the analysis of traditional metal materials.The development of CALPHAD application technology for MAM is focused on the compositional design of printable materials,the reduction of metallurgical imperfections,and the control of microstructural attributes.This endeavor carries considerable theoretical and practical significance.This paper summarizes the important achievements of CALPHAD in additive manufacturing(AM)technology in recent years,including material design,process parameter optimization,microstructure evolution simulation,and properties prediction.Finally,the limitations of applying CALPHAD technology to MAM technology are discussed,along with prospective research directions.

Injectable Nanorobot-Hydrogel Superstructure for Hemostasis and Anticancer Therapy of Spinal Metastasis

Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis.However,uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes.In this study,we develop a thrombin(Thr)-loaded nanorobothydrogel hybrid superstructure by incorporating nanorobots into regenerated silk fibroin nanofibril hydrogels.This superstructure with superior thixotropic properties is injected percutaneously and dispersed into the spinal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with easy bleeding characteristics,before spinal surgery in a mouse model.Under near-infrared irradiation,the self-motile nanorobots penetrate into the deep spinal tumor,releasing Thr in a controlled manner.Thr-induced thrombosis effectively blocks the tumor vasculature and reduces bleeding,inhibiting tumor growth and postoperative recurrence with Au nanorod-mediated photothermal therapy.Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative therapeutic strategy for HCC spinal metastasis effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth,with potentially reduced surgical complications and enhanced operative outcomes.

Identification of origin of insulating polymer maneuvered photoredox catalysis

Solid non-conjugated polymers have long been regarded as insulators due to deficiency of delocalizedπelectrons along the molecular chain framework.Up to date,origin of insulating polymer regulated charge transfer has not yet been uncovered.In this work,we unleash the root origin of charge transport capability of insulating polymer in photocatalysis.We ascertain that insulating polymer plays crucial roles in fine tuning of electronic structure of transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs),which mainly include altering surface electron density of TMCs for accelerating charge transport kinetics,triggering the generation of defect over TMCs for prolonging carrier lifetime,and acting as hole-trapping mediator for retarding charge recombination.These synergistic roles contribute to the charge transfer of insulating polymer.Our work opens a new vista of utilizing solid insulating polymers for maneuvering charge transfer toward solar energy conversion.

Sorafenib inhibits ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by blocking LOXL2-mediated vascularization

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament(OPLL)is a degenerative hyperostosis disease characterized by the transformation of the soft and elastic vertebral ligament into bone,resulting in limited spinal mobility and nerve compression.Employing both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing,we elucidate the molecular characteristics,cellular components,and their evolution during the OPLL process at a single-cell resolution,and validate these findings in clinical samples.This study also uncovers the capability of ligament stem cells to exhibit endothelial cell-like phenotypes in vitro and in vivo.Notably,our study identifies LOXL2 as a key regulator in this process.Through gain-and loss-of-function studies,we elucidate the role of LOXL2 in the endothelial-like differentiation of ligament cells.It acts via the HIF1A pathway,promoting the secretion of downstream VEGFA and PDGF-BB.This function is not related to the enzymatic activity of LOXL2.Furthermore,we identify sorafenib,a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor,as an effective suppressor of LOXL2-mediated vascular morphogenesis.By disrupting the coupling between vascularization and osteogenesis,sorafenib demonstrates significant inhibition of OPLL progression in both BMP-induced and enpp1 deficiency-induced animal models while having no discernible effect on normal bone mass.These findings underscore the potential of sorafenib as a therapeutic intervention for OPLL.

卒中高危人群血脂管理的最佳证据总结

目的总结卒中高危人群血脂管理的最佳证据,为管理其血脂提供循证依据。方法系统检索国内外相关数据库及协会网站中关于卒中高危人群血脂管理的证据,包括临床决策、指南、证据总结、推荐实践、专家共识/建议、系统评价、meta分析,检索时限为建库至2023年4月15日。结果研究最终纳入20篇文献,其中4篇临床决策、11篇指南、2篇证据总结、2篇专家共识、1篇meta分析,形成血脂异常筛查与评估、血脂控制目标、生活方式干预、调脂药物干预、针灸干预、转诊、提高依从性、随访与监测8个主题35条证据。结论卒中高危人群血脂管理的最佳证据,为规范管理卒中高危人群血脂的临床实践提供了相应的循证依据,建议应用证据时,综合考虑实际情况来完成证据实践转化。

“互联网+”延续护理对脑卒中患者康复效果的meta分析

目的评价“互联网+”延续护理对脑卒中患者的康复效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、Embase、MEDLINE、SionMed、中国知网、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、万方医学网等数据库,搜集关于“互联网+”延续护理用于脑卒中患者的随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2023年7月。使用RevMan5.4软件对资料进行meta分析。结果共纳入25篇文献,2590例患者。“互联网+”延续护理可提高脑卒中患者的日常生活活动能力、肢体运动功能,改善焦虑、抑郁情绪,以及减轻神经功能缺损,差异均有统计学意义(标准化均数差/均数差=1.48、8.47、-1.63、-2.12、-3.94,95%可信区间:1.11~1.84、5.99~10.95、-2.66~-0.60、-3.08~-1.16、-6.39~-1.48,P<0.00001、<0.00001、0.00200、<0.00010、0.00200)。结论“互联网+”延续护理可提高脑卒中患者日常生活活动能力和肢体运动功能,减轻神经功能缺损,改善焦虑、抑郁情绪。

3种营养管理模式在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中应用效果的meta分析

目的探讨不同的营养管理模式在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的应用效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、the Cochrane Library、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普和万方数据库,搜集建库至2023年7月发表的有关脑卒中吞咽障碍患者营养管理的随机对照试验(RCT)。应用RevMan5.4软件对资料进行meta分析。结果共纳入13篇文献,包括1322例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者和3种营养管理模式(多学科协作管理、集束化管理、个体化管理)。Meta分析结果显示,3种营养管理模式均能提高脑卒中吞咽障碍患者血清白蛋白水平,差异有统计学意义[均数差(MD)=4.46,95%可信区间(95%CI)2.55~6.38,P<0.00001];3种营养管理模式均能改善患者吞咽功能,差异有统计学意义[相对危险度(RR)=1.21,95%CI 1.11~1.32,P<0.0001]。多学科协作管理模式与个体化管理模式均能提高患者前血清蛋白水平,差异有统计学意义(MD=14.99,95%CI 9.90~20.07,P<0.00001)。个体化管理模式能提高患者血红蛋白水平,差异有统计学意义(MD=5.56,95%CI 2.83~8.30,P<0.0001)。集束化管理模式能提高患者肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、甘油三酯、总胆固醇值,差异均有统计学意义(MD=2.47,95%CI 1.54~3.39,P<0.00001;MD=6.74,95%CI 5.89~7.60,P<0.00001;MD=0.62,95%CI 0.51~0.74,P<0.00001;MD=1.05,95%CI 0.22~1.87,P=0.01)。多学科协作管理模式及个体化管理模式均能降低患者不良反应发生率,差异有统计学意义(RR=0.36,95%CI 0.18~0.72,P=0.004;RR=0.32,95%CI 0.20~0.52,P<0.00001)。结论3种营养管理模式均可改善患者营养状况和吞咽功能,临床工作中可根据患者的个体情况选择合适的营养管理模式。

内部控制与商誉泡沫的抑制——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

上市公司商誉泡沫及其一次性大额减值计提是当前重要的金融风险要素之一。以2007—2015年我国A股上市公司为样本,实证研究发现内部控制对商誉泡沫具有抑制效应:从事前角度看,公司内部控制质量越高,并购形成的超额商誉越低;从事后角度看,公司内部控制质量越高,商誉减值计提比例越小,并购商誉质量越高。这一抑制效应主要发生在非国有企业和市场化程度程度高的地区,且内部环境和控制活动对商誉泡沫的抑制效应较为明显。因此,企业应该转变对内部控制的观念,完善企业内部控制制度并将之贯彻于企业经营实践中,有助于整合能力的提升,有效抑制商誉泡沫。监管部门则应进一步健全法规,完善商誉形成及减值计提过程的内控措施,加重企业内部控制责任,控制商誉泡沫的问题进一步扩大,防止系统性金融风险的发生。

Multi-LeapMotion sensor based demonstration for robotic refine tabletop object manipulation task

In some complicated tabletop object manipulation task for robotic system, demonstration based control is an efficient way to enhance the stability of execution. In this paper, we use a new optical hand tracking sensor, LeapMotion, to perform a non-contact demonstration for robotic systems. A Multi-LeapMotion hand tracking system is developed. The setup of the two sensors is analyzed to gain a optimal way for efficiently use the informations from the two sensors. Meanwhile, the coordinate systems of the Mult-LeapMotion hand tracking device and the robotic demonstration system are developed. With the recognition to the element actions and the delay calibration, the fusion principles are developed to get the improved and corrected gesture recognition. The gesture recognition and scenario experiments are carried out, and indicate the improvement of the proposed Multi-LeapMotion hand tracking system in tabletop object manipulation task for robotic demonstration.

烟农合作社财务管理规范化研究——基于利益相关者视角

财务管理是维护社员经济利益的重要基础,是促进合作社规范运行的根本保证,也是合作社有效利用财政资金的必然要求。但通过问卷调查和实地走访烟农合作社的利益相关者(包括政府、烟草部门、村委会、合作社社员、烟农以及金融机构)发现,由于合作社尚处于起步阶段,造血功能不强,功能定位不明确,资产产权不明晰,管理人员素质低等因素,导致合作社财务管理环节薄弱:会计核算不完整、资产管护漏洞大、盈余分配不合理、税收管理不规范、财务风险管理有待加强。最后针对以上出现的一系列问题提出了相关对策建议,旨在促进烟农合作社财务管理的规范化发展。

RCM技术在CPR1000核电机组的创新发展与应用

基于M310核电机组多年RCM应用实践,结合现场应用需求提出了改进型RCM技术(RtCM),对RCM技术流程进行了改进和创新,增加了定量化分析和维修模板的应用,在CPR1000核电机组中得到广泛推广。实践证明,RtCM技术应用优势和成效显著,能够快速、高效的完成设备维修策略的制定和优化,实现了分析资源的合理配置和降本增效,对其他核电企业维修优化亦有借鉴价值。

Achieve Intended Learning Outcomes and Improving Digital Literacy Skills for Practical-Based Subjects Using Online Teaching via Propagation of OER Materials

As professors are subjected to teaching their classes online due to the recent COVID-19, our local Hong Kong students find it difficult to consult their teachers, and ultimately would fail to achieve the intended learning outcomes, especially for practical-based subjects. In this research, students having online classes of a practical-based fabric design subject were encouraged to self-study from Open Educational Resource (OER) materials for a further and better understanding of their subject. Additionally, online materials were developed to improve students’ understanding via skill of digital literacy. Their learning progress was evaluated and compared to the face-to-face version. The majority of students found online classes combined with self-studying OER materials, potentially be a substitute for face-to-face classes. Most of the students further opined different OER videos assisted them without any face-to-face instructions in practical works, to develop new fabric samples from the inspiration. Analysis of test results, and comparison of students’ final grades with different learning modes, supported these phenomena.

多学科协作诊疗1例巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤

目的 总结多学科协作诊疗1例巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的方法与效果。方法 回顾性分析川北医学院附属医院2021年4月收治的1例巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的临床资料,并检索文献资料,总结巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的术前诊断、治疗方式及围手术期管理。结果 该患者入院后根据临床、影像及实验室检查诊断为巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,影像学检查最大横截面大小25 cm×12 cm,经医院多学科协作诊疗讨论后予以右肾动脉造影及栓塞术+盆腹腔巨大肿瘤切除术+右肾切除术+输尿管部分切除术。术后1个月、3个月、6个月随访,各项指标均正常,未出现并发症。结论 多学科协作诊疗模式能为巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者带来更明确更有效的治疗方案,有效减少术中出血、降低术后并发症及促进术后恢复。

多西他赛联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床分析

背景与目的程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1, PD-1)/程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1)抑制剂和多西他赛作为晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者的标准二线治疗方案,治疗效果有限。多西他赛联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂是否能增加疗效并使患者更好地获益少有报道。本研究旨在探索多西他赛联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂二线治疗驱动基因阴性的IV期NSCLC的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2018年10月1日-2020年12月31日在山东省肿瘤医院就诊的IV期NSCLC患者118例,依据治疗方法不同分为观察组(n=69)和对照组(n=49),观察组患者接受多西他赛联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗,对照组患者接受PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效及3级以上不良反应发生情况。结果观察组疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)(89.9%)高于对照组(73.5%)(P=0.019),客观缓解率(objective response rate, ORR)(24.6%)与对照组(16.3%)比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.276)。随访至2021年6月22日,观察组中位无进展生存时间(progression-free survival, PFS)(7.17个月)长于对照组(4.43个月)(P=0.027)。观察组1年无进展生存率为15.6%,对照组为7.7%,差异无统计学差异(P=0.205)。治疗期间两组不良反应多为1级-2级,均可耐受,观察组患者骨髓抑制发生率高于对照组(P<0.05),余不良反应与对照组无统计学差异。Cox回归分析结果显示体能状态(performance status, PS)(P=0.020)及年龄(P=0.049)是多西他赛联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗效果的独立预后因素。结论驱动基因阴性IV期NSCLC患者应用多西他赛联合PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂二线治疗可提高疾病控制率,延长无进展生存时间,不良反应可耐受。

Dynamics of Soil N<span>H</span>⁺<sub style="margin-left:-10px;">4</sub>-N and N<span>O</span>^-<sub style="margin-left:-4px;">3</sub>-N in Rubber Plantation in Wenchang, South China

In this study, the dynamics of soil available nitrogen in rubber plantations was studied to provide a basis for the sustainable management of soil nutrients in rubber plantations. Soil samples were collected from 0 - 20 cm and 21 - 40 cm depth of rubber plantations in Wenchang area of Hainan Province to determine the soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in March, June, September and December. The results showed that the total available nitrogen in the rubber plantation soil was mainly composed of nitrate nitrogen (>57%), and this nitrate nitrogen was always the absolute composition advantage in the total available nitrogen composition, and this composition advantage did not change with the change of soil depth. Nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in rubber plantation soil showed obvious seasonal variation characteristics in 0 - 20 cm soil layer and 21 - 40 cm soil depth. With the seasonal time change, the contents of soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen increased first and then decreased. Summer and autumn were the most active periods of soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen. There was a significant positive correlation between soil nitrate nitrogen content and ammonium nitrogen content (r = 0.6532**). Based on the correlation between soil ammonium nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen content, the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil can be estimated according to the amount of soil nitrate nitrogen.