2023年度工程与材料科学部基金项目评审工作综述

本文总结了2023年度国家自然科学基金委员会工程与材料科学部项目评审工作情况,对各类项目申请、受理、评审和资助情况进行了整理及分析,重点回顾了本年度工程与材料科学部深化科学基金改革新举措及实施成效,并提出了下一年度评审工作的思路及建议,以进一步提高工程与材料科学基础研究资助质量。

Ultraconformable Integrated Wireless Charging Micro-Supercapacitor Skin

Conformable and wire-less charging energy storage devices play important roles in enabling the fast development of wearable,non-contact soft electronics.However,current wire-less charging power sources are still restricted by limited flexural angles and fragile connection of components,resulting in the failure expression of performance and constraining their fur-ther applications in health monitoring wearables and moveable artificial limbs.Herein,we present an ultracompatible skin-like integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitor,which building blocks(including electrolyte,electrode and substrate)are all evaporated by liquid precursor.Owing to the infiltration and permeation of the liquid,each part of the integrated device attached firmly with each other,forming a compact and all-in-one configuration.In addition,benefitting from the controllable volume of electrode solution precursor,the electrode thickness is easily regulated varying from 11.7 to 112.5μm.This prepared thin IWC-MSC skin can fit well with curving human body,and could be wireless charged to store electricity into high capacitive micro-supercapacitors(11.39 F cm-3)of the integrated device.We believe this work will shed light on the construction of skin-attachable electronics and irregular sensing microrobots.

The effects of various factors on spontaneous imbibition in tight oil reservoirs

Slickwater fracturing fluids have gained widespread application in the development of tight oil reservoirs. After the fracturing process, the active components present in slickwater can directly induce spontaneous imbibition within the reservoir. Several variables influence the eventual recovery rate within this procedure, including slickwater composition, formation temperature, degree of reservoir fracture development, and the reservoir characteristics. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms governing these influences remain relatively understudied. In this investigation, using the Chang-7 block of the Changqing Oilfield as the study site, we employ EM-30 slickwater fracturing fluid to explore the effects of the drag-reducing agent concentration, imbibition temperature, core permeability, and core fracture development on spontaneous imbibition. An elevated drag-reducing agent concentration is observed to diminish the degree of medium and small pore utilization. Furthermore, higher temperatures and an augmented permeability enhance the fluid flow properties, thereby contributing to an increased utilization rate across all pore sizes. Reduced fracture development results in a lower fluid utilization across diverse pore types. This study deepens our understanding of the pivotal factors affecting spontaneous imbibition in tight reservoirs following fracturing. The findings act as theoretical, technical, and scientific foundations for optimizing fracturing strategies in tight oil reservoir transformations.

Sand control mechanism of radial well filled with phase change material in hydrate reservoir

Radial well filled with phase change material has been proposed as a novel sand control method for hydrate exploitation.In order to reveal the sand control mechanism,CFD-DEM coupling method is applied to simulate the migration,settlement,and blockage processes of sand particles in the radial well.The obtained results indicate that three scenarios have been recognized for sand particles passing through sand control medium,based on the diameter ratio of sand control medium to sand particle(D_(d)):fully passing(D_(d)=8.75-22.5),partially passing and partially blocked(D_(d)=3.18-5.63),and completely blocked(D_(d)=2.18-3.21).After being captured by the sand control medium,sand particles can block pores,which increases fluid flow resistance and causes a certain pressure difference in the radial well.The pressure in the radial well should be lower than the hydrate phase equilibrium pressure during sand control design,for the purpose of promoting hydrate decomposition,and sand capture.The length of the radial well should be optimized based on the reservoir pore pressure,production pressure difference,bottom hole pressure,and the pressure gradient in the radial well.It should be noticed that the sand control medium leads to a decrease in permeability after sand particles captured.Even the permeability is reduced to several hundred millidarcy,it is still sufficient to ensure the effective flow of gas and water after hydrate decomposition.Increasing fluid velocity reduces the blocking capacity of the sand control medium,mainly because of deterioration in bridging between sand particles.

Experimental study of the influencing factors and mechanisms of the pressure-reduction and augmented injection effect by nanoparticles in ultra-low permeability reservoirs

Nanoparticles(NPs)have gained significant attention as a functional material due to their ability to effectively enhance pressure reduction in injection processes in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.NPs are typically studied in controlled laboratory conditions,and their behavior in real-world,complex environments such as ultra-low permeability reservoirs,is not well understood due to the limited scope of their applications.This study investigates the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of NPs in decreasing injection pressure under various injection conditions(25—85℃,10—25 MPa).The results reveal that under optimal injection conditions,NPs effectively reduce injection pressure by a maximum of 22.77%in core experiment.The pressure reduction rate is found to be positively correlated with oil saturation and permeability,and negatively correlated with temperature and salinity.Furthermore,particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiments(25℃,atmospheric pressure)indicate that the pressure reduction is achieved by NPs through the reduction of wall shear resistance and wettability change.This work has important implications for the design of water injection strategies in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.

四川省黄瓜地方品种种质资源农艺性状多样性分析

【目的】开展四川黄瓜地方品种种质资源农艺性状分析,有利于对本地优势资源的保存和开发利用。【方法】对收集的77份四川省黄瓜地方品种种质资源进行植物学特征特性鉴定,并对其21个主要农艺性状进行遗传变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。【结果】77个种质资源的各个农艺性状存在明显差异,10个数量性状变异系数为9.52%~29.83%,变异系数最大的为单瓜重,遗传多样性指数最大的为叶宽(2.082),11个质量性状的遗传多样性指数为0.075~0.843,瓜刺色遗传多样性指数最高。主成分分析前7个主成分因子累积贡献率为67.68%,包含15个农艺性状。利用ward’s法聚类参试种质资源划分为4大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群果实肉厚、单瓜重都较大,瓜把较短,对于丰产亲本选择具有较大潜力;第Ⅲ类群大部分资源第一雌花节位比较低,果实肉也比较厚,但单瓜重较低,可用来选育肉质紧密小果型品种。【结论】四川省黄瓜地方品种种质资源遗传多样性较丰富,具有很好的收集保存价值,并在黄瓜育种中加以利用。

4种间作作物对夏秋季茶园主要叶部病害发生的影响

为了寻求适合高山茶园的间作模式,探究不同间作作物对茶园主要叶部病害发生的影响。本文通过田间试验,明确川西北茶园主要叶部病害种类;通过对茶-黄豆、茶-玉米、茶-李树、茶-厚朴间作茶园和单作茶园的病害发生情况进行调查研究,比较分析不同模式茶园叶部病害发生的差异性。结果表明,川西北高山茶园主要叶部病害为茶饼病、茶炭疽病、茶云纹叶枯病、茶圆赤星病和茶赤叶斑病;4种间作作物中黄豆和玉米是较为理想的间作作物。茶-黄豆间作的茶园茶饼病和茶炭疽病发病率最低,两种病害发病率分别比单作茶园降低了85.12%和74.34%;茶-玉米间作茶园炭疽病发病率比单作茶园降低了49.76%。茶-厚朴间作茶园茶饼病的平均发病率为27.82%,是单作茶园的11.50倍。同时茶-厚朴间作茶园9月份炭疽病的发病率高达51.67%是单作茶园发病率的2.73倍。因此,黄豆和玉米是替代厚朴等林木类较为理想的高山茶园间作作物,间作黄豆可显著降低茶园病害的发生,减轻病害的损失。

组合掺杂引入新型、多种镉配位方式增强金纳米团簇的电催化性能

为提高金纳米团簇电催化还原二氧化碳生成一氧化碳的电流密度,本文引入了一种组合掺杂法(同时掺入硫和镉),合成一种新型Au-Cd纳米团簇—Au41Cd6S2(SCH2Ph)33,并对其组成结构进行了精确表征。单晶结构表明,它包含一个双二十面体的Au23内核,所有的镉原子都掺杂在外壳层中且具有多种配位环境,外层staple(类订书针结构)除两个常见的Au3(SR)4三聚体外,还有两条独特的Au5Cd2(SR)9S长staple交叉覆盖在内核顶部,此外还发现了(S-Au-S)2(CdS-S-CdS)四聚体,这种两个Cd原子通过S原子直接相连的结构也为首次报道。与“同核异壳”的Au38(SCH2Ph)24团簇相比,Au41Cd6S2(SCH2Ph)33表现出更高的法拉第效率(−0.7 V电位时达99.3%)和更高的CO分电流密度(−0.9 V电位时为120 mA∙cm^(−2))。利用理论计算结果对Au41Cd6S2(SCH2Ph)33的高催化活性进行了解释,揭示Cd-Cd是最高活性位点,离内核最远的Au-Cd位点在同时考虑活性和选择性的情况下是最优的活性位点。本工作提供了一种提高金纳米团簇催化性能的策略,对金纳米团簇的合成、结构及构效关系研究具有重要的启发意义,有望推动相关研究的开展。

A novel triple responsive smart fluid for tight oil fracturing-oil expulsion integration

The traditional multi-process to enhance tight oil recovery based on fracturing and huff-n-puff has obvious deficiencies,such as low recovery efficiency,rapid production decline,high cost,and complexity,etc.Therefore,a new technology,the so-called fracturing-oil expulsion integration,which does not need flowback after fracturing while making full use of the fracturing energy and gel breaking fluids,are needed to enable efficient exploitation of tight oil.A novel triple-responsive smart fluid based on“pseudo-Gemini”zwitterionic viscoelastic surfactant(VES)consisting of N-erucylamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-2-hydroxy-1-propane-sulfonate(EHSB),N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine(TMEDA)and sodium p-toluenesulfonate(NaPts),is developed.Then,the rheology of smart fluid is systematically studied at varying conditions(CO_(2),temperature and pressure).Moreover,the mechanism of triple-response is discussed in detail.Finally,a series of fracturing and spontaneous imbibition performances are systematically investigated.The smart fluid shows excellent CO_(2)-,thermal-,and pressure-triple responsive behavior.It can meet the technical requirement of tight oil fracturing construction at 140°C in the presence of 3.5 MPa CO_(2).The gel breaking fluid shows excellent spontaneous imbibition oil expulsion(∼40%),salt resistance(1.2×104 mg/L Na+),temperature resistance(140°C)and aging stability(30 days).

Experimental study of the mechanism of nanofluid in enhancing the oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs using microfluidics

Due to the low porosity and low permeability in unconventional reservoirs,a large amount of crude oil is trapped in micro-to nano-sized pores and throats,which leads to low oil recovery.Nanofluids have great potential to enhance oil recovery(EOR)in low permeability reservoirs.In this work,the regulating ability of a nanofluid at the oil/water/solid three-phase interface was explored.The results indicated that the nanofluid reduced the oil/water interfacial tension by two orders of magnitude,and the expansion modulus of oil/water interface was increased by 77% at equilibrium.In addition,the solid surface roughness was reduced by 50%,and the three-phase contact angle dropped from 135(oil-wet)to 48(water-wet).Combining the displacement experiments using a 2.5D reservoir micromodel and a microchannel model,the remaining oil mobilization and migration processes in micro-to nano-scale pores and throats were visualized.It was found that the nanofluid dispersed the remaining oil into small oil droplets and displaced them via multiple mechanisms in porous media.Moreover,the high strength interface film formed by the nanofluid inhibited the coalescence of oil droplets and improved the flowing ability.These results help to understand the EOR mechanisms of nanofluids in low permeability reservoirs from a visual perspective.

合江县金钗石斛产业发展的SWOT分析

合江县自然条件优越,适宜金钗石斛生长。简述四川省合江县金钗石斛产业发展概况,分析其产业发展的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,提出合江金钗石斛产业发展的建议:要推动合江金钗石斛产业健康可持续发展,建议依托合江独特的资源优势,因地制宜,综合开发,推进石斛产业扶贫,实现产业模式的创新转变和农业效益的提升,努力做响“合江金钗石斛”品牌。

A novel nanofluid of modified carbon black nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs

A novel nanofluid of modified carbon black(MCB)nanoparticles was initially developed for enhanced oil recovery(EOR)in low permeability reservoirs.The MCB nanoparticles were obtained via a three-step reaction involving modification by oxidation,acyl chlorination,and activated grafting.MCB nano-particles were spherically dispersed,with an average size of 72.3 nm.Compared with carbon black(CB)nanoparticles,dispersed MCB nanoparticles can effectively reduce the oil-water interfacial tension(IFT)to 10^(-2)mN/m and change the surface wettability of sand particles.Based on the results of core flooding experiments,the MCB nanoparticles exhibited a better EOR capacity than surfactants and CB nano-particles,and the final oil recovery was significantly increased by 27.27%.The core scanning test showed that the MCB nanoparticles could plug high permeability channels by adsorbing onto the surfaces of sand particles and forming larger aggregates that bridge across pores or throats,resulting in a higher swept volume.The synergistic effects of improved swept volume and oil displacement efficiency were the EOR mechanisms of the MCB nanoparticles.The studies indicate that these MCB nanoparticles have excellent potential for EOR in low permeability reservoirs.

Quantitative investigation of nanofluid imbibition in tight oil reservoirs based on NMR technique

Nanofluids have been effective chemical additives for enhanced oil recovery(EOR)in tight oil reservoirs due to their special properties.However,oil imbibition recoveries vary for different nanofluids.The oil/water distribution in rocks during imbibition using various nanofluids was less discussed in previous studies.In this study,we systematically examined the imbibition efficiencies of various nanofluids at60℃.Furthermore,the migration of nanofluids and oil distribution in the rock pores were monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The nanofluids were prepared by dispersing silica nanoparticles and five different types of surfactants i.e.,anionic-nonionic,anionic,nonionic,amphoteric and cationic surfactants in deionized(DI)water.Subsequently,interfacial tension(IFT)and contact angle measurements were conducted to reveal the underlying EOR mechanisms of various nanofluids.The experimental results showed that the EOR potential of the different types of nanofluids was in the order anionic-nonionic>anionic>nonionic>amphoteric>cationic>brine.Anionic-nonionic(sodium lauryl ether sulfate(SLES))and anionic(sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS))nanofluids exhibited excellent capability of wettability alteration,and increased oil recovery by 27.96%and 23.08%,respectively,compared to brine.The NMR results also showed that mesopores(0.1-1μm)were the dominant developed pores in the rocks,and contributed the most to imbibition efficiency.In addition,the imbibition of nanofluids initially took place in mesopores and micropores before moving into macropores.This study provides fundamental information on the selection of nanofluids for EOR in tight oil reservoirs.The study also improved the understanding of oil/water distribution during the imbibition of the proposed nanofluids.

Impact of flow rate on dynamic imbibition in fractured tight sandstone cores

Dynamic imbibition,which is significantly affected by flow rate,plays an important role in the development of tight oil.This study investigated the impact of flow rate on dynamic imbibition in fractured tight sandstone cores via online nuclear magnetic resonance core-flooding experiments.The oil expulsion efficiency and capillary number of multiscale pores were quantitatively analyzed to elucidate the influence of flow rate on the oil recovery during dynamic imbibition.The pores of the cores used were divided into micropores(0.01-1.00 μm in diameter),mesopores(1.00-30.00 μm in diameter),and macropores(30.00-400.00 μm in diameter) by matching the T_(2)spectrum and the mercury intrusion data.The volume proportion of micropores was 52.0%,and that of macropores was 19.0%.The total oil recovery of the core was found to reach 29.8% at the optimal flow rate of 0.1 mL/min.At the optimal flow rate,the oil recovery of micropores reached 50.4%,followed by that of macropores(28.6%),and that of mesopores was the lowest(15.8%).The oil expulsion efficiency,the capillary number,and the contribution to total oil recovery of micropores significantly increased with the decrease in flow rate,while those of macropores decreased.This was caused by the synergy of capillary force and displacement pressure.During dynamic imbibition at a low flow rate,the oil in micropores was effectively expelled driven by capillary force,and the effect of displacement pressure was weak,leading to large amounts of remaining oil trapped in macropores.On the contrary,when the flow rate was too high,large amounts of remaining oil would be trapped in micropores.Only at a moderate flow rate did the capillary force and displacement pressure both have significant effects on oil expulsion,and the oil in different sized pores was effectively expelled,thus generating a relatively high total oil recovery.

Nanoparticles as a tool to deliver drugs to the retina and brain:an update

Over the past few years,different neurontargeted nanoparticles(NPs)were designed to deliver drugs to enhance neuron protection and recovery,and much progress was made in our understanding of the uptake mechanism and the related physicochemical properties.Physicochemical properties attracting much attentions in NP's design and modification include particle size,surface hydrophobicity。

浓香大曲不翻曲制曲可行性分析研究

为探索不翻曲的浓香大曲制曲方式是否可行,为浓香制曲实现机械化、智能化提供依据,在传统曲房中选择60块曲药作为试验曲不进行翻曲操作,通过翻动其他传统曲药为试验曲发酵创造适宜环境,对试验曲与对照曲不同发酵阶段曲药理化、微生物指标进行跟踪检测。结果发现,未进行翻曲操作的试验曲曲药内部水分散失速度、菌丝生长情况差异较小,最终出房时曲药质量与传统曲药相比在感官、理化指标等综合评分方面均无明显差异,曲药质量可达到传统制曲质量要求,通过小试试验验证了浓香大曲不翻曲的制曲方式是可行的。

pH/GSH dual responsive nanosystem for nitric oxide generation enhanced type I photodynamic therapy

Tumor hypoxia diminishes the effectiveness of traditional type II photodynamic therapy(PDT)due to oxygen consumption.Type I PDT,which can operate independently of oxygen,is a viable option for treating hypoxic tumors.In this study,we have designed and synthesized JSK@PEG-IR820 NPs that are responsive to the tumor microenvironment(TME)to enhance type I PDT through glutathione(GSH)depletion.Our approach aims to expand the sources of therapeutic benefits by promoting the generation of superoxide radicals(O_(2)^(-).)while minimizing their consumption.The diisopropyl group within PEG-IR820 serves a dual purpose:it functions as a pH sensor for the disassembly of the NPs to release JSK and enhances intermolecular electron transfer to IR820,facilitating efficient O_(2)^(-).generation.Simultaneously,the release of JSK leads to GSH depletion,resulting in the generation of nitric oxide(NO).This,in turn,contributes to the formation of highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite(ONOO^(-).),thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these NPs.NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided therapy has achieved successful tumor eradication with the assistance of laser therapy.

Single thiolate replacement of metal nanoclusters

Surface thiolates play important roles in evincing the structures and properties of thiolated metal nanoclusters—one type of recently emerging inorganic-organic hybrids,and thus the thiolate substitution,especially single thiolate substitution,is highly desirable for subtly tailoring the structures and properties of metal nanoclusters.However,such a single-thiolate substituting is challenging,and its influence on the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bonds remains mysterious due to the absence of the singlethiolate-substituted structure.Here,we developed a combined method,concurrently synthesized the single-thiolate-substituted nanocluster and its parent nanocluster,and successfully resolved their structures by single crystal X-ray crystallography,which reveals that the single thiolate substitute has an obvious influence on the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bond lengths although it has no effect on the absorption profile.Interestingly,the metal-metal and metal-sulfur bonds show various thermal extensibility and even the negative thermal expansion phenomena of the Au–S bond were observed in the single-thiolate-substituted nanocluster.The bond length-related stability was also observed.Overall,this study highlights a novel synthesis method and offers novel structural insights and an in-depth structure-property correlation of thiolated metal nanoclusters.

Non-proteolytic ubiquitination of HBx controls HBV replication

Dear Editor,Although effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are available,hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is still a serious global health threat.Persistent HBV infection remains the principal cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HBV is a small DNA virus,owning a~3.2 kb genome that encodes several proteins:viral DNA polymerase,core antigen(HBcAg),E antigen(HBeAg),three surface antigens(PreS1/PreS2/HBsAg),and a regulatory X protein(HBx)(Lamontagne et al.,2016).X protein,named for its lack of homology with any known proteins,is a 154 aa protein that plays an essential role in HBV biology and regulates the development of HCC(Yang et al.,2022).Although previous studies have strongly expanded our understanding of HBx,the regulation of HBx is not completely elucidated.

Synthesis of temperature and salt resistance silicon dots for effective enhanced oil recovery in tight reservoir

The intensive development of tight reservoirs has positioned them as a strategic alternative to conventional oil and gas resources. Existing enhanced oil recovery(EOR) methods struggle to effectively exploring reservoir oil, resulting in low recovery rates. Novel and effective means of developing tight reservoirs are urgently needed. Nanomaterials have shown promising applications in improving water flooding efficiency, with in-depth research into mechanisms that lower injection pressure and increase water injection volumes. However, the extent of improvement remains limited. In this study, a silicon quantum dots(Si-QDs) material was synthesized via a hydrothermal synthesis method and used to prepare a nanofluid for the efficient recovery of tight reservoir. The Si-QDs, with an approximate diameter of 3 nm and a spherical structure, were surface functionalized with benzenesulfonic acid groups to enhance the performance. The developed nanofluid demonstrated stability without aggregation at 120℃ and a salinity of 60000 mg/L. Core flooding experiments have demonstrated the attractive EOR capabilities of Si-QDs, shedding light of the EOR mechanisms. Si-QDs effectively improve the wettability of rocks, enhancing the sweeping coefficient of injected fluids and expanding sweeping area.Within this sweeping region, Si-QDs efficiently stripping adsorbed oil from the matrix, thus increasing sweeping efficiency. Furthermore, Si-QDs could modify the state of pore-confined crude oil, breaking it down into smaller particles that are easier to displacement in subsequent stages. Si-QDs exhibit compelling EOR potential, positioning them as a promising approach for effectively developing tight oil reservoirs.