Expert consensus on endodontic therapy for patients withsystemic conditions

The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endodontic diseases. Asystemic consideration of the patient’s overall health along with oral conditions holds the utmost importance in determining thenecessity and feasibility of endodontic therapy, as well as selecting appropriate therapeutic approaches. This expert consensus is acollaborative effort by specialists from endodontics and clinical physicians across the nation based on the current clinical evidence,aiming to provide general guidance on clinical procedures, improve patient safety and enhance clinical outcomes of endodontictherapy in patients with compromised overall health.

Expert consensus on difficulty assessment of endodontic therapy

Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease. Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha. However, it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT). Recent research, encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques, contributes to our understanding of the root canal system’s anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT. Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients, infection severity, root canal anatomy, and treatment techniques. Therefore, improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions. The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions, tooth conditions, root canal configuration, and root canal needing retreatment, and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes. The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT. These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.

Effect of Sc on Al_(3)Fe phase and mechanical properties of as-cast AA5052 aluminum alloy

The AA5052 aluminum alloy is widely used in automobile and aerospace manufacturing,and with the development of light-weight alloys,it is required that these materials exhibit better mechanical properties.Previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of Sc to aluminum alloys can improve both the microstructure and properties of the alloys.In this study,the effect of Sc on the Fe-rich phase and properties of the AA5052 aluminum alloy was studied by adding 0%,0.05%,0.2%,and 0.3%Sc.The results show that with the increase of Sc,the coarse needle-like Fe-rich phase gradually transforms into Chinese-script and then nearly spherical particles,reduce the size of Fe-rich phase,and refine the grain with increase of high angle grain boundaries(HAGBs).These microstructure changes enhance the strength of the AA5052 alloy through Sc addition.The ductility of the alloy is obviously improved because the addition of a lower amount of Sc changes the morphology of Fe-rich phase from needle-like into a Chinese-script,and it is subsequently reduced as a result of significant increase in HAGBs with increasing Sc content.

Expert consensus on irrigation and intracanal medication in root canal therapy

Chemical cleaning and disinfection are crucial steps for eliminating infection in root canal treatment. However, irrigant selection or irrigation procedures are far from clear. The vapor lock effect in the apical region has yet to be solved, impeding irrigation efficacy and resulting in residual infections and compromised treatment outcomes.

溢流处置风险量化评价方法研究

随着油气勘探开发不断走向深层超深层、非常规等新领域,勘探开发的难度将持续加大,溢流处置的风险也随之增大,井控形势日益严峻。文章通过对溢流处置过程中的关键因素进行了分析,发现其中溢流量、关井时间、压井液排量和压井液密度四个因素对溢流处置过程中风险的影响较大,并在此基础上建立了溢流处置风险量化评价模型;综合考虑溢流判定标准、最大允许关井套压和压力安全密度窗口的影响,采用风险矩阵法作为溢流处置风险的评价手段,形成了一种溢流处置风险综合量化评价方法。该方法通过对案例中的井控风险进行了定量描述和风险等级划分,可在溢流处置本质上有效降低风险,确保钻井安全,对指导现场作业具有重大的实际意义。

Experimental study on the acoustic roughness spectrum of high-speed railway rails

Purpose–This study aims to investigate the acoustic roughness of rails on China’s high-speed railways,with a focus on short-wavelength irregularities(less than 80 cm),which are known to significantly contribute to noise.The goal is to develop a specific acoustic roughness spectrum tailored for China’s high-speed railway system,as no such spectrum currently exists.Design/methodology/approach–A long-term tracking study was conducted on major railway lines in China,monitoring rail roughness throughout the initial operational period and the rails’service life.Data preprocessing techniques such as peak removal and curvature correction were applied for acoustic adjustments.A spatial-wavelength domain transformation was performed,providing the distribution patterns and statistical characteristics of acoustic roughness on China’s high-speed rails.Based on these analyses,a model for constructing the acoustic roughness spectrum was developed.Findings–The study found that the acoustic roughness of China’s high-speed railway rails follows aχ2 distribution with six degrees of freedom.For wavelengths greater than 8 cm,the acoustic roughness spectrum remains below the ISO specified limits.In the wavelength range of 3.2 cm to 6.3 cm,the roughness is comparable to or within the limits specified by ISO 3095:2005 and ISO 3095:2013.However,for wavelengths shorter than 2.5 cm,the roughness exceeds ISO limits.Originality/value–This research fills the gap in the lack of a specific acoustic roughness spectrum for China’s high-speed railways.By establishing a tailored spectrum based on long-term data analysis,the findings provide valuable insights for noise control and rail maintenance in the context of China’s high-speed rail system.

铟基三元金属硫化物催化剂在光催化二氧化碳还原领域中的研究进展

化石能源的过度使用造成CO_(2)大量排放,导致了环境问题,同时引发了能源危机.新能源技术的快速发展为缓解上述问题提供了有效途径.光催化CO_(2)转化技术因绿色环保、成本低廉、反应条件温和、操作安全可控而引起了研究者们的广泛关注.推动光催化CO_(2)转化技术发展的关键在于高效光催化剂的精准设计与合成.目前,已经发展了多种光催化剂.铟基三元金属硫化物因具有合适的能带结构、较宽的吸光范围和独特的双金属位点而成为光催化CO_(2)还原领域的研究热点之一.独特的双金属结构使其具有更丰富的活性位点,同时可以调控对关键中间体的吸附和解吸,进而提高CO_(2)反应活性,并精准调控目标产物的选择性.然而,缓慢的电子传输行为和高载流子复合效率阻碍了CO_(2)还原反应效率的提升,因此,目前距离实现光催化CO_(2)还原技术的工业化应用仍有较大的差距.为了克服上述难题,科学家们对铟基三元金属硫化物进行了大量研究,以期通过修饰改性进一步提高催化效率和选择性.然而,目前有关铟基三元金属硫化物在光催化CO_(2)还原领域应用研究进展的归纳和总结尚不充分,基于此类材料独特的性质,对其进行全面的总结分析是十分必要的.本文首先对光催化CO_(2)还原反应的基本原理进行了分析,探讨了影响其活性和选择性提升的关键要素.然后,对几种典型的铟基三元金属硫化物的结构、组成特性以及合成方法进行了详细归纳.重点围绕铟基三元金属硫化物的性能提升策略,如形貌与结构调控、缺陷工程以及复合材料的构建等,总结了其在光催化CO_(2)还原领域的最新研究进展,深入剖析了催化剂的设计策略与催化活性增强之间的构效关系,以及密度泛函理论计算和原位表征技术在该领域的应用.最后,总结了目前铟基三元金属硫化物研究所面临的挑战,并对未来发展方向进行了展望.

Expert consensus on digital guided therapy for endodontic diseases

Digital guided therapy(DGT)has been advocated as a contemporary computer-aided technique for treating endodontic diseases in recent decades.The concept of DGT for endodontic diseases is categorized into static guided endodontics(SGE),necessitating a meticulously designed template,and dynamic guided endodontics(DGE),which utilizes an optical triangulation tracking system.Based on cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)images superimposed with or without oral scan(OS)data,a virtual template is crafted through software and subsequently translated into a 3-dimensional(3D)printing for SGE,while the system guides the drilling path with a real-time navigation in DGE.DGT was reported to resolve a series of challenging endodontic cases,including teeth with pulp obliteration,teeth with anatomical abnormalities,teeth requiring retreatment,posterior teeth needing endodontic microsurgery,and tooth autotransplantation.Case reports and basic researches all demonstrate that DGT stand as a precise,time-saving,and minimally invasive approach in contrast to conventional freehand method.This expert consensus mainly introduces the case selection,general workflow,evaluation,and impact factor of DGT,which could provide an alternative working strategy in endodontic treatment.

多视角下的网络空间安全模型与体系化发展

网络空间技术发展迅速,新应用、新技术衍生的网络空间安全风险趋于复杂化和隐蔽化;建立特有的网络空间安全模型是国内外应对复杂安全威胁的常规做法,但现有的网络空间安全模型存在未来发展方向不明确、新技术衍生风险分析能力不足、网络空间安全防御评估所需的安全能力缺失等问题。本文从技术、学科、产业等视角入手,开展了现有的网络空间安全模型评估,梳理了网络空间安全技术体系的自身特点及其发展脉络,阐明了网络安全应用存在的迫切问题;着重从网络空间安全技术视角出发,提出了一种基于技术要素的网络空间安全模型体系框架,并利用已有安全技术和新兴技术验证了体系框架的安全分析能力。从完善网络空间安全技术体系核心框架、促进网络空间安全领域“产学研”协同、推进网络空间安全核心技术标准制定、体系化解决人工智能安全威胁等方面提出了发展建议,以期高效应对网络空间安全威胁、提升我国网络空间安全保障能力。

Experts consensus on the procedure of dental operative microscope in endodontics and operative dentistry

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental restoration.However,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment.In October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry.The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope.Subsequently,a consensus was reached and officially issued.Over the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.

自动抢接钻具止回阀装置运动学仿真研究

针对发生井喷事故时人工抢接钻具止回阀存在的抢接时间长、可靠性差、易造成人员伤亡等问题,设计了一种可用于抢接钻具止回阀的自动化装置。利用SolidWorks软件建立自动抢接钻具止回阀装置的运动学模型,对移运单元进行运动学分析,采用五次多项式法对装置执行机构进行了轨迹规划;利用ADAMS仿真软件对装置进行运动学与动力学仿真分析,验证了装置理论模型的正确性,得到了装置末端携带的钻具止回阀与装置执行元件的运动特性曲线,以及执行元件的驱动力与驱动力矩。分析结果表明:自动抢接钻具止回阀装置能够将钻具止回阀准确运送至指定位置,误差不超过1 mm,满足设计的误差要求;经过轨迹规划后装置运行平稳、无冲击,能够较好地完成钻具止回阀的抢接工作;驱动力与驱动力矩的变化曲线可为执行元件的选取和装置优化提供参考依据。

环氧树脂灌封料的固化动力学及固化工艺

采用流变学手段、非等温差示扫描量热法和原位升温傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了2种环氧树脂灌封料的固化动力学,并对其固化工艺进行设计与验证。采用Kissinger和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程计算得到2种灌封料的平均表观活化能分别为70.76 kJ/mol和61.61 kJ/mol。根据DSC非等温曲线外推法获得体系的理论固化温度及时间,并依此得到的固化物与原始条件制备的固化物进行力学性能对比,发现影响固化工艺设计的关键因素是温度和时间。研究结果可为环氧树脂灌封料的固化工艺条件设计及实际应用提供理论参考。

考虑先后浇界面粘结形变的装配式剪力键力学行为分析

为了研究装配式组合结构中预制-装配式群钉剪力键力学行为,提出采用三向非线性内聚力接触单元模拟先后浇混凝土界面粘结形变关系的数值模拟方法,结合预制-装配式群钉剪力键推出试验,在验证模拟方法的基础上,开展了预制-装配式群钉剪力键内部力学行为以及栓钉排数、间距和后浇混凝土强度参数分析.结果表明:双线性内聚力接触单元能较好模拟先后浇混凝土界面的粘结形变关系;各排栓钉的应力存在明显的不均匀性,随荷载增加逐渐从两端大中间小趋向均匀;随着荷载增加,栓钉的变形增速明显高于应力增速;提高混凝土强度等级能一定程度提高抗剪承载力和刚度;栓钉由3层增加至5层时,单钉平均抗剪承载力和抗剪刚度分别减小19.3%和6.5%;栓钉竖向间距由2.3 d(d为栓钉直径)增加至10 d时,栓钉抗剪承载力先增大后减小,抗剪刚度减小27.5%.

Highly efficient solution-processed CZTSSe solar cells based on a convenient sodium-incorporated post-treatment method

In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films by spin-coating NaCl solution.In subsequent selenization process,the introduction of Na Cl is found to be benefacial for the formation of Cu2-xSe,which can further facilitate the element transportation,leading to dense and smooth CZTSSe films with large grains and less impurity Cu2Sn(S,Se)3phase.SIMS depth profiles confirm the gradient distribution of the sodium element in Na-doped absorbers.Photoluminescence spectra show that the introduction of appropriate sodium into the absorber can inhibit the band tail states.As high as 11.18% of power conversion efficiency(PCE)is achieved for the device treated with 5 mg mL^-1 NaCl solution,and an average efficiency of Na-doped devices is 10.71%,13%higher than that of the control groups(9.45%).Besides,the depletion width and the charge recombination lifetime can also have regular variation with sodium treatment.This work offers an easy modification method for high-quality Na-doped CZTSSe films and high-performance devices,in the meantime,it can also help to further understand the effects of sodium in CZTSSe solar cells.

Edaravone promotes functional recovery after mechanical peripheral nerve injury

Edaravone has been shown to reduce ischemia/reperfusion-induced peripheral nerve injury. However, the therapeutic effect of edaravone on peripheral nerve injury caused by mechanical factors is unknown. In the present study, we established a peripheral nerve injury model by crushing the sciatic nerve using hemostatic forceps, and then administered edaravone 3 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The sciatic functional index and superoxide dismutase activity of the sciatic nerve were increased, and the malondialdehyde level was decreased in animals in the edaravone group compared with those in the model group. Bcl-2 expression was increased, but Bax expres- sion was decreased in anterior horn cells of the L4-6 spinal cord segments. These results indicated that edaravone has a neuroprotective effect following peripheral nerve injury caused by mechan- ical factors through alleviating free radical damage to cells and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, as well as regulating apoptosis-related protein expression.

Multidimensional In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3) heterojunction with lattice distortion for CO_(2) photoconversion

Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to sustainably product of fuels is a potential route to achieve clean energy conversion.Unfortunately,the sluggish charge transport dynamics and poor CO_(2)activation performance result in a low CO_(2)conversion efficiency.Herein,we develop a multidimensional In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3)(IO/IS)heterojunction with abundant lattice distortion structure and high concentration of oxygen defects.The close contact interfaces between the junction of the two phases ensure undisturbed transmission of electrons with high‐speed.The increased free electron concentration promotes the adsorption and activation of CO2 on the catalyst surface,leaving the key intermediate*COOH at a lower energy barrier.The perfect combination of the band matching oxide and sulfide effectively reduces the internal energy barrier of the CO2 reduction reaction.Furthermore,the lattice distortion structure not only provides additional active sites,but also optimizes the kinetics of the reaction through microstructural regulation.Remarkably,the optimal IO/IS heterojunction exhibits superior CO_(2)reduction performance with CO evolution rate of 12.22μmol g^(−1)h^(−1),achieving about 4 times compared to that of In_(2)O_(3)and In2S3,respectively.This work emphasizes the importance of tight interfaces of heterojunction in improving the performance of CO_(2)photoreduction,and provides an effective strategy for construction of heterojunction photocatalysts.

Comparison of corneal flap thickness using a FS200femtosecond laser and a moria SBK microkeratome

AIMTo evaluate differences in flap thickness resulting from use of an Alcon Wavelight FS200 femtosecond laser and a MORIA SBK microkeratome when making a 110-µm-thick corneal flap and to identify the potential factors that affect corneal flap thickness.

Camrelizumab(SHR-1210) leading to reactive capillary hemangioma in the gingiva: A case report

BACKGROUND Oncologic immunotherapy is attracting attention as an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Currently, there are two kinds of inhibitors: Anti-PD-1 antibodies and anti-PD-L1 antibodies. These inhibitors have shown significant implications in improving the outcomes of certain cancer types in recent years.However, along with its effectiveness, adverse events cannot be ignored. As an anti-PD-1 antibody, camrelizumab(SHR-1210) has some side effects in tumor immunotherapy. The most common adverse event is reactive capillary hemangioma. While it is widely reported to occur in the skin, gingival reactive capillary hemangioma is rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man complained of gingival overgrowth on the anterior aspect of the maxilla and mandible for more than 6 mo. He had been placed on SHR-1210 for lung cancer for 7 mo. A gingival mass extending from canine to canine was noted on the lingual surfaces of the mandible. Gingival enlargement was noted in the front teeth. A clinical diagnosis of gingival reactive capillary hemangioma and chronic periodontitis was made. The treatment involved a complex local treatment(repeated local applications of an antibiotic paste, scaling and root planning, and surgery). The excised tissue was sent for histopathological examination, which confirmed the diagnosis of capillary hemangioma. After the operation, most of the gingival enlargement was reduced. At the 2-mo follow-up,it was noted that the gingival overgrowth was immediately reduced after the replacement of the anti-PD-1 agent with an anti-PD-L1 agent.CONCLUSION As the prescription for SHR-1210 has increased considerably in recent years, the occurrence of its possible side effects, including gingival reactive capillary hemangioma, has increased. It is recommended that regular oral examinations be performed before and during the treatment of tumors with SHR-1210.

Aberration changes of the corneal anterior surface following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable contact lenses

AIM: To record aberrations with a corneal topographic device on the anterior surface of the cornea at different time-points prior to wearing and following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The effect of wearing RGP on the anterior surface of the cornea was discussed to provide guidance for clinical refractive error correction.METHODS: The study objects were 24 eyes from 24 patients. All patients underwent identical examination procedures prior to lens use, as well as afterwards, including slit-lamp examination, non-contact tonometer measurement, computer optometry and corneal curvature measurement, subjective refraction test, and corneal topography analysis. The patients wore contact lenses everyday for 1 month and then discontinued. Corneal topographies were recorded at certain time points of 30 minutes, 1 day, 3, 7 and 14 days following use.RESULTS: Total corneal aberration at each time point following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses was less than the time point prior to use. Detailed results were as follows: root mean square (RMS) (pre)=(1.438± 0.328)μm, RMS (30 minutes) =(1.076 ±0.355)μm, RMS (1 day) =(1.362 ±0.402)μm, RMS (3 days) =(1.373 ±0.398)μm, RMS (7 days) =(1.387 ±0.415)μm, and RMS (14 days) = (1.430±0.423)μm. Results showed that at 30 minutes after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, almost all 2 ndand 3 rd-order aberrations change. Quadrafoil Z10 and spherical Z12 of the 4 th-order were also changed. Alterations to Z5, Z6, and Z12 at 1 day after discontinued use were significant differences compared with the time period prior to RGP use: Z5 and Z6 decreased, and Z12 increased slightly. Z5 and Z6 remained decreased at 3 days after discontinued use, but Z9 and Z10 continued to increase and Z12 returned to levels prior to RGP use. At 14 days after discontinued use, all aberrations were notsignificantly different from the values prior to use.CONCLUSION: The use RGP contact lenses greatly reduced total aberration of the anterior surface of the cornea. Changes to 2 ndand 3 rd-order aberrations (including Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8) were more significant. Following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, the majority of lower order aberrations returned to original levels in a short period of time. During this process, a transient higher order aberration appeared, but all changes disappeared within 14 days after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses.

Microencapsulation improves inhibitory effects of transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells on pain after sciatic nerve injury

Olfactory bulb tissue transplantation inhibits P2X2/3 receptor-mediated neuropathic pain. However, the olfactory bulb has a complex cellular composition, and the mechanism underlying the action of purified transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells（OECs） remains unclear. In the present study, we microencapsulated OECs in alginic acid, and transplanted free and microencapsulated OECs into the region surrounding the injured sciatic nerve in rat models of chronic constriction injury. We assessed mechanical nociception in the rat models 7 and 14 days after surgery by measuring paw withdrawal threshold, and examined P2X2/3 receptor expression in L4–5 dorsal root ganglia using immunohistochemistry. Rats that received free and microencapsulated OEC transplants showed greater withdrawal thresholds than untreated model rats, and weaker P2X2/3 receptor immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia. At 14 days, paw withdrawal threshold was much higher in the microencapsulated OEC-treated animals. Our results confirm that microencapsulated OEC transplantation suppresses P2X2/3 receptor expression in L4–5 dorsal root ganglia in rat models of neuropathic pain and reduces allodynia, and also suggest that transplantation of microencapsulated OECs is more effective than transplantation of free OECs for the treatment of neuropathic pain.