NIR-II fluorescence imaging in liver tumor surgery: A narrative review

In liver tumor surgery,the recognition of tumor margin and radical resection of microcancer focis have always been the crucial points to reduce postoperative recurrence of tumor.However,naked-eye inspection and palpation have limited effectiveness in identifying tumor boundaries,and traditional imaging techniques cannot consistently locate tumors in real time.As an intraoperative real-time navigation imaging method,NIRfluorescence imaging has been extensively studied for its simplicity,reliable safety,and superior sensitivity,and is expected to improve the accuracy of liver tumor surgery.In recent years,the research focus of NIRfluorescence has gradually shifted from the-rst near-infrared window(NIR-I,700–900 nm)to the second near-infrared window(NIR-II,1000–1700 nm).Fluorescence imaging in NIR-II reduces the scattering effect of deep tissue,providing a preferable detection depth and spatial resolution while signi-cantly eliminating liver autofluorescence background to clarify tumor margin.Developingfluorophores combined with tumor antibodies will further improve the precision offluorescence-guided surgical navigation.With the development of a bunch offluorophores with phototherapy ability,NIR-II can integrate tumor detection and treatment to explore a new therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.Here,we review the recent progress of NIR-IIfluorescence technology in liver tumor surgery and discuss its challenges and potential development direction.

Single-cell manipulation by two-dimensional micropatterning

Cells are highly sensitive to their geometrical and mechanical microenvironment that directly regulate cell shape,cytoskeleton and organelle,as well as the nucleus morphology and genetic expression.The emerging two-dimensional micropatterning techniques offer powerful tools to construct controllable and well-organized microenvironment for single-cell level investigations with qualitative analysis,cellular standardization,and in vivo environment mimicking.Here,we provide an overview of the basic principle and characteristics of the two most widely-used micropatterning techniques,including photolithographic micropatterning and soft lithography micropatterning.Moreover,we summarize the application of micropatterning technique in controlling cytoskeleton,cell migration,nucleus and gene expression,as well as intercellular communication.

Geometric regulation of collective cell tangential ordering migration

Collective cell migration is a coordinated movement of multi-cell systems essential for various processes throughout life.The collective motions often occur under spatial restrictions,hallmarked by the collective rotation of epithelial cells confined in circular substrates.Here,we aim to explore how geometric shapes of confinement regulate this collective cell movement.We develop quantitative methods for cell velocity orientation analysis,and find that boundary cells exhibit stronger tangential ordering migration than inner cells in circular pattern.Furthermore,decreased tangential ordering movement capability of collective cells in triangular and square patterns are observed,due to the disturbance of cell motion at unsmooth corners of these patterns.On the other hand,the collective cell rotation is slightly affected by a convex defect of the circular pattern,while almost hindered with a concave defect,also resulting from different smoothness features of their boundaries.Numerical simulations employing cell Potts model well reproduce and extend experimental observations.Together,our results highlight the importance of boundary smoothness in the regulation of collective cell tangential ordering migration.

Construction of NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/Bi2WO6 composites with accelerated charge separation for degradation of organic contaminants under visible light irradiation

Photocatalysis is considered as an ideal strategy for water pollution treatment.However,it remains challenging to design a highly efficient photo-catalytic system through regulating the charge flow via a precise approach.In this work,a novel NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/Bi2WO6 composite was constructed via self-assembly growing Bi2WO6 nanosheets on NH2-MIL-125(Ti)material.The characterization results demonstrated that NH2-MIL-125(Ti)was successfully incorporated into Bi2WO6 and the photoexcited carriers could be efficiently separated and transferred between the two components.NH2-MIL-125(Ti)/Bi2WO6 composites displayed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the removal of rhodamine B(RhB)and tetracycline(TC)under visible light irradiation,and the optimal weight ratio of NH2-MIL-125(Ti)was determined to be 7 wt%.The introduction of NH2-MIL-125(Ti)into Bi2WO6 could raise the absorption of visible light,accelerate the separation and transfer of charge carriers,and boost photocatalytic activity.This research presents a wide range of possibilities for the further development of novel composites in the field of environment purification.

构建M1型巨噬细胞相关lncRNA签名预测肿瘤免疫微环境

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)被认为是肿瘤微环境和肿瘤免疫微环境中至关重要的分子。巨噬细胞作为免疫系统的重要成员,与M1型巨噬细胞功能相关的lncRNA依然需要进一步的探讨。本文基于肿瘤微环境中M1型巨噬细胞浸润程度高和低的队列样本的转录组差异构建了lncRNA签名。该lncRNA签名包含7个lncRNA∶LINC01494,ZDHHC20-IT1,LINC01450,LINC00871,EVX1-AS,KIF25-AS和AADACL2-AS1。这些lncRNA均在M1巨噬细胞缺乏型病人样本中高表达,表明它们在抑制巨噬细胞浸润和极化为M1亚型过程中的潜在作用,进而导致免疫排斥型的肿瘤微环境,而这已被证明与不良预后密切相关。该lncRNA签名不仅预测了不理想的临床预后,也与抗原处理和递呈障碍所导致的免疫抑制性环境相关。此外,我们也评估了该lncRNA签名在免疫检查点抑制疗法中的预测价值,这进一步丰富和增强了lncRNA在预测免疫治疗响应情况的价值。

Brij30/β-FeOOH/GO复合材料的可控构筑及其对盐酸四环素吸附性能

抗生素滥用已经成为全世界面临的公共卫生问题,去除环境中残留的抗生素刻不容缓。采用聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij30)对β-FeOOH进行表面改性,辅助水热法制备Brij30/β-FeOOH/GO复合材料。通过X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和Zeta电位对其组成及微观结构表征。考察了吸附剂投加量、溶液的pH值和共存离子对盐酸四环素(TCH)吸附性能的影响,研究了吸附机理。结果表明,在优化反应条件(Brij30/β-FeOOH/GO投加量0.01 g、溶液pH=5、吸附10 h、TCH初始浓度40 mg/L)下,吸附量达65.97 mg/g,吸附行为符合伪二级动力学方程和Freundlich吸附等温线模型,属于化学吸附并存的多分子层吸附。存在的吸附机理为π-π键堆积、氢键结合、螯合作用和电荷转移。

X-ray scintillation in lead-free double perovskite crystals

Metal halide perovskites have shown great performance for various applications,including solar cells,light emitting diodes,and radiation detectors,but they still suffer from the toxicity of lead and instability.Here we report the use of lanthanide series as trivalent metals to obtain low toxicity and highly stable double perovskites(Cs_2NaLnCl_6,Ln=Tb or Eu)with high scintillation light yield.The crystals exhibit typical f-f transitions of lanthanide cations,while Cs_2NaTbCl_6exhibits strong green photoluminescence,and Cs_2NaEuCl_6exhibits red photoluminescence.Under X-ray radiations,the light yield of Cs_2NaTbCl_6reaches46600 photons MeV^(-1),much higher than that of the commercially used(Lu,Y)_2SiO_5:Ce^(3+)crystals(LYSO,28500 photons MeV^(-1)),and previously reported lead-based perovskites(14000 photons MeV^(-1)).As a new member of lead-free perovskites,lanthanide-based double perovskites open up a new route toward radiation detections and potential medical imaging.

Self-trapped exciton emission in inorganic copper(Ⅰ)metal halides

The broad emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield of self-trapped exciton(STE)radiative recombination emitters make them an ideal solution for single-substrate,white,solid-state lighting sources.Unlike impurities and defects in semiconductors,the formation of STEs requires a lattice distortion,along with strong electron–phonon coupling,in low electrondimensional materials.The photoluminescence of inorganic copper(Ⅰ)metal halides with low electron-dimensionality has been found to be the result of STEs.These materials were of significant interest because of their leadfree,all-inorganic structures,and high luminous efficiencies.In this paper,we summarize the luminescence characteristics of zero-and one-dimensional inorganic copper(I)metal halides with STEs to provide an overview of future research opportunities.

Inorganic antimony halide hybrids with broad yellow emissions

Lead halide perovskites exhibit unexceptionable photoelectric properties.However,these materials are unsatisfactory in terms of stability and toxicity.Herein,we report Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 as a new kind of lead free perovskite variants.This material can be easily obtained through hydrothermal reactions.The composition is determined through structure refinement,elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectra.Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 exhibits a broad yellow emission at 560 nm,with a Stokes shift of 175 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)around 26%.Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 also shows good thermal and water stability due to its inorganic composition.White light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are constructed by combining Rb7 Sb3 Cl16 as yellow phosphors,our previously reported Cs2 SnCl6:2.75%Bi as blue phosphors,and commercial UV LED chips as the excitation source,producing a white light with the Commission Internationale de’Eclairage(CIE)color coordinates at(0.39,0.38).

Effectiveness of stocking Sparus macrocephalus fry in situ in the East China Sea

The sea area surrounding Baishishan Island has abundant fishery resources because of its plentiful food and rocky reefs that provide refuge from predators.However,overfishing has occurred in many areas and some species’local populations need to be replenished through stocking programs.This case study,using Sparus microcephalus as the test species,designed and analyzed detailed stocking strategies to improve the survival ratio and control the active range of the released fishes.Controlled variables included release location,release time,and tidal level.Two stocking strategies were designed,executed,and evaluated for comparison.A traditional stocking method was applied to the high flow area of Baishishan Island in Xiangshan Bay,East China Sea.The released fry were transported by boat and released to the sea using buckets.Released fish were traced using plastic tags.The average distance of the 19 recaptured fry from the release point was 7.6 km with 52.9%mortality rate.The distance at recapture and mortality rate among recaptured individuals showed that the traditional releasing method was not successful.An in situ stocking method was used in a low tide area and natural process was imitated to decrease the stress response and promote physiological adaptation.The purpose of this method was to prolong the release process applying temporary net cages at the release location,which resulted in a regional distribution of the released fish and possibly improving the food availability.A new Sr+tagging technique was adopted to evaluate the release effect and quantify comparative release data.Only 1 fish among the 354 caught was found farther than 1 km from the release point in the following 6 months.The results validated the promotion of the new stocking technique.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease,which is characterized by loss of dopaminergic(DA)neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the formation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in surviving DA neurons in most cases.Although the cause of PD is still unclear,the remarkable advances have been made in understanding the possible causative mechanisms of PD pathogenesis.Numerous studies showed that dysfunction of mitochondria may play key roles in DA neuronal loss.Both genetic and environmental factors that are associated with PD contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and PD pathogenesis.The induction of PD by neurotoxins that inhibit mitochondrial complex I provides direct evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction to PD.Decrease of mitochondrial complex I activity is present in PD brain and in neurotoxin-or genetic factorinduced PD cellular and animal models.Moreover,PINK1 and parkin,two autosomal recessive PD gene products,have important roles in mitophagy,a cellular process to clear damaged mitochondria.PINK1 activates parkin to ubiquitinate outer mitochondrial membrane proteins to induce a selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy.In this review,we summarize the factors associated with PD and recent advances in understanding mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.

Profiling of immune features to predict immunotherapy efficacy

Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapies exhibit substantial clinical benefit in different cancers,but relatively low response rates in the majority of patients highlight the need to understand mutual relationships among immune features.Here,we reveal overall positive correlations among immune checkpoints and immune cell populations.Clinically,patients benefiting from ICB exhibited increases for both immune stimulatory and inhibitory features after initiation of therapy,suggesting that the activation of the immune microenvironment might serve as the biomarker to predict immune response.As proof-of-concept,we demonstrated that the immune activation score(ISD)based on dynamic alteration of interleukins in patient plasma as early as two cycles(4-6 weeks)after starting immunotherapy can accurately predict immunotherapy efficacy.Our results reveal a systematic landscape of associations among immune features and provide a noninvasive,cost-effective,and time-efficient approach based on dynamic profiling of pre-and on-treatment plasma to predict immunotherapy efficacy.

Site occupation and energy transfer in full color emitting phosphor Ba2Ca(BO3)2:Ce3+(K+),Eu^(2+),Mn2+

White light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)fabricated by single-phase full color emitting phosphor are an emerging solution for health lighting.The crystallographic site occupation of activators in a proper host lattice is crucial for sophisticated design of such phosphor.Here,we report a high quality white lightemitting phosphor Ba_(2)Ca(BO_(3))_(2):Ce^(3+)(K^(+)),Eu^(2+),Mn^(2+)with spectral distribution covering whole visible region.Blue light emission originates from Ce3+ions occupying preferentially Ba^(2+)site by controlling synthesis conditions.Green and red lights are obtained from Eu^(2+)occupying Ba2+(and Ca)site and Mn2+occupying Casite,respectively.In this triple-doped phosphor,strong red emission with a low concentration of Mn2+is realized by the efficient energy transfer from Ce3+and Euto Mn.Furthermore,high quality white light is accomplished by properly tuning the relative doping amount of Ce^(3+)(K^(+))/Eu^(2+)/Mn^(2+)based on efficient simultaneous energy transfer.The results indicate that Ba_(2)Ca(BO_(3))_(2):Ce^(3+)(K^(+)),Eu^(2+),Mn^(2+)is a promising white light-emitting phosphor in WLEDs application.

BAF45D regulates spinal cord neural stem/progenitor cell fate through the SMAD-PAX6 axis

Mutations in BRG1-associated factor 45D (BAF45D, also known as double PHD fingers 2 (DPF2)) are linked to Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS).1 However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined. Here, we identified that wild-type but not CSS-associated BAF45D mutants increased the expression of PAX6,2 a neural stem cell marker, and phosphorylated SMAD3 (p-SMAD3) in spinal cord neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from H9 human embryonic stem cells. Both BAF45D and SMAD3 are required for the induction of p-SMAD3 and PAX6 together with STAT3 and SMAD7 by retinoic acid (RA). In the presence of RA, BAF45D knockdown decreased the expression of genes that regulate stem cell pluripotency. Moreover, the same genes in the spinal cord NSCs had more binding sites with BAF45D than those in H9 cells. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) assay results indicated that BAF45D targets more pathways responsible for stem cell maintenance in NSCs. Finally, BAF45D is associated with BRG1, p-SMAD3, and PAX6. Together, these findings suggest a role for BAF45D in modulating PAX6 expression through SMAD signaling, highlighting the importance of BAF45D in neural stem/progenitor cell fate commitment.