Lithium-Ion Charged Polymer Channels Flattening Lithium Metal Anode

The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.

Lithiophilicity: The key to efficient lithium metal anodes for lithium batteries

Lithium metal anode of lithium batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,has been considered the anode for next-generation batteries with desired high energy densities due to its high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mA h g^(-1))and low standards electrode potential(-3.04 V vs.SHE).However,the highly reactive nature of metallic lithium and its direct contact with the electrolyte could lead to severe chemical reactions,leading to the continuous consumption of the electrolyte and a reduction in the cycle life and Coulombic efficiency.In addition,the solid electrolyte interface formed during battery cycling is mainly inorganic,which is too fragile to withstand the extreme volume change during the plating and stripping of lithium.The uneven flux of lithium ions could lead to excessive lithium deposition at local points,resulting in needle-like lithium dendrites,which could pierce the separator and cause short circuits,battery failure,and safety issues.In the last five years,tremendous efforts have been dedicated to addressing these issues,and the most successful improvements have been related to lithiophilicity optimizations.Thus,this paper comprehensively reviewed the lithiophilicity regulation in lithium metal anode modifications and highlighted the vital effect of lithiophilicity.The remaining challenges faced by the lithiophilicity optimization for lithium metal anodes are discussed with the proposed research directions for overcoming the technical challenges in this subject.

Dielectric polarization in MgFe_(2)O_(4) coating and bulk doping to enhance high-voltage cycling stability of Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2) cathode material

Charging P2-Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2)to 4.5 V for higher capacity is enticing.However,it leads to severe capacity fading,ascribing to the lattice oxygen evolution and the P2-O2 phase transformation.Here,the Mg Fe_(2)O_(4) coating and Mg,Fe co-doping were constructed simultaneously by Mg,Fe surface treatment to suppress lattice oxygen evolution and P2-O2 phase transformation of P2-Na_(2/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)O_(2)at deep charging.Through ex-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)tests,we found that the Mg,Fe bulk co-doping could reduce the repulsion between transition metals and Na+/vacancies ordering,thus inhibiting the P2-O2 phase transition and significantly reducing the irreversible volume change of the material.Meanwhile,the internal electric field formed by the dielectric polarization of Mg Fe_(2)O_(4) effectively inhibits the outward migration of oxidized O^(a-)(a<2),thereby suppressing the lattice oxygen evolution at deep charging,confirmed by in situ Raman and ex situ XPS techniques.P2-Na NM@MF-3 shows enhanced high-voltage cycling performance with capacity retentions of 84.8% and 81.3%at 0.1 and 1 C after cycles.This work sheds light on regulating the surface chemistry for Na-layered oxide materials to enhance the high-voltage performance of Na-ion batteries.

A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 in neuronal maturation and gliogenesis during cortex development

The multiple-layer structure of the cerebral cortex is important for its functions. Such a structure is generated based on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Notch functions as a molecular switch for neural stem/progenitor cell fate during cortex development but the mechanism remains unclear. Biochemical and cellular studies showed that Notch receptor activation induces several proteases to release the Notch intracellular domain （NICD）. A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 （ADAM10） might be a physiological rate-limiting $2 enzyme for Notch activation. Nestin-driven conditional ADAM10 knockout in mouse cortex showed that ADAM10 is cdtical for maintenance of the neural stem cell population during early embryonic cortex development. However, the expression pattern and function of ADAM10 during later cerebral cortex development remains poorly understood. We performed in situ hybridization for ADAMIO mRNA and immunofluorescent analysis to determine the expression of ADAM10 and NICD in mouse cortex from embryonic day 9 （E14.5） to postnatal day 1 （P1）. ADAM10 and NICD were highly co-localized in the cortex of E16.5 to P1 mice. Comparisons of expression patterns of ADAM10 with Nestin （neural stem cell marker）, Tujl （mature neuron marker）, and S100β （gila marker） showed that ADAM10 expression highly matched that of S10013 and partially matched that of Tujl at later embryonic to early postnatal cortex developmental stages. Such expression patterns indicated that ADAM10-Notch signaling might have a critical function in neuronal maturation and gliogenesis during cortex development.

Data-Driven Deep Learning for OTFS Detection

Recently,orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)was presented to alleviate severe Doppler effects in high mobility scenarios.Most of the current OTFS detection schemes rely on perfect channel state information(CSI).However,in real-life systems,the parameters of channels will constantly change,which are often difficult to capture and describe.In this paper,we summarize the existing research on OTFS detection based on data-driven deep learning(DL)and propose three new network structures.The presented three networks include a residual network(ResNet),a dense network(DenseNet),and a residual dense network(RDN)for OTFS detection.The detection schemes based on data-driven paradigms do not require a model that is easy to handle mathematically.Meanwhile,compared with the existing fully connected-deep neural network(FC-DNN)and standard convolutional neural network(CNN),these three new networks can alleviate the problems of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance.Through simulation,it is proved that RDN has the best performance among the three proposed schemes due to the combination of shallow and deep features.RDN can solve the issue of performance loss caused by the traditional network not fully utilizing all the hierarchical information.

创新社会实践课程体系,助力专业人才培养——以广西师范大学应用化学专业为例

以提升学生的专业素养为目标,从教学团队、课程内容、教学资源、教学模式、考核方式等方面对应用化学专业社会实践课程进行改革,构建了凸显专业性和创新性的逐级递进式社会实践课程内容体系,实施了线上线下相结合的多元化教学策略,实现了专业教育、社会服务和课程思政的高度融合,提高了地方院校应用化学专业人才的培养质量。

A novel Na_(8)Fe_(5)(SO_(4))_(9)@rGO cathode material with high rate capability and ultra-long lifespan for low-cost sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are regarded as the most promising technology for large-scale energy storage systems.However,the practical application of SIBs is still hindered by the lack of applicable cathode materials.Herein,a novel phase-pure polyanionic Na_(8)Fe_(5)(SO_(4))_(9) is designed and employed as a cathode material for SIBs for the first time.The Na_(8)Fe_(5)(SO_(4))_(9) has an alluaudite-type sulfate framework and small Naþion diffusion barriers.As expected,the as-synthesized Na_(8)Fe_(5)(SO_(4))_(9)@rGO exhibits a high working potential of 3.8 V(versus Na/Naþ),a superior reversible capacity of 100.2 mAh g1 at 0.2 C,excellent rate performance(~80 mAh g1 at 10 C,~63 mAh g1 at 50 C),and an ultra-long cycling life(91.9%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C,81%capacity retention after 20,000 cycles at 50 C).We use various techniques and computational methods to comprehensively investigate the electrochemical reaction mechanisms of Na_(8)Fe_(5)(SO_(4))_(9)@rGO.

Liver Transplantation Reverses Hepatic Myelopathy in the Decompensated Phase of Cirrhosis:Case Report and Literature Review

Hepatic myelopathy(HM)is a rare neurological complication in the end stage of many liver diseases and is characterized by bilateral spastic paraparesis without sensory and sphinc-ter dysfunction.It occurs owing to metabolic disorders and central nervous system dysfunction associated with cirrhosis.Without timely and effective clinical intervention,the progno-sis of these patients is devastating.Although liver transplan-tation(LT)is an effective treatment for HM,the prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory.Early recognition and diagnosis of this disease are essential for improving patient prognosis.Here,we report a case of hepatitis B virus-asso-ciated decompensated cirrhosis with HM.The patient recov-ered well after LT.We also summarize the clinical character-istics and post-transplant outcomes of 25 patients with HM treated by LT through 2023,including this case.

Gastric cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies

Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.

Mg,Ti-base surface integrated layer and bulk doping to suppress lattice oxygen evolution of Ni-rich cathode material at a high cut-off voltage

The Nickel-rich layered cathode materials charged to 4.5 V can obtain a specific capacity of more than 200 m Ah g^(-1).However,the nickel-rich layered cathode materials suffer from the severe capacity fade during high-voltage cycling,which is related to the phase transformation and the surface sides reactions caused by the lattice oxygen evolution.Here,the simultaneous construction of a Mg,Ti-based surface integrated layer and bulk doping through Mg,Ti surface treatment could suppress the lattice oxygen evolution of Nirich material at deep charging.More importantly,Mg and Ti are co-doped into the particles surface to form an Mg_(2)TiO_(4) and Mg_(0.5–x)Ti_(2–y)(PO_(4))_(3) outer layer with Mg and Ti vacancies.In the constructed surface integrated layer,the reverse electric field in the Mg_(2)TiO_(4) effectively suppressed the outward migration of the lattice oxygen anions,while Mg_(0.5–x)Ti_(2–y)(PO_(4))_(3) outer layer with high electronic conductivity and good lithium ion conductor could effectively maintained the stability of the reaction interface during highvoltage cycling.Meanwhile,bulk Mg and Ti co-doping can mitigate the migration of Ni ions in the bulk to keep the stability of transition metal–oxygen(M-O)bond at deep charging.As a result,the NCM@MTP cathode shows excellent long cycle stability at high-voltage charging,which keep high capacity retention of 89.3%and 84.3%at 1 C after 200 and 100 cycles under room and elevated temperature of 25 and 55°C,respectively.This work provides new insights for manipulating the surface chemistry of electrode materials to suppress the lattice oxygen evolution at high charging voltage.

Construction of internal electric field to suppress oxygen evolution of Ni-rich cathode materials at a high cutoff voltage

The Nickel-rich layered cathode materials have been considered as promising cathode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which due to it can achieve a high capacity of than 200 mAh g^(-1)under a high cutoff voltage of4.5 V.However,the nickel-rich layered cathode materials show severely capacity fading at high voltage cycling,induced by the hybrid O anion and cation redox promote O^(α-)(α<2)migration in the crystal lattice under high charge voltage,lead to the instability of the oxygen skeleton and oxygen evolution,promote the phase transition and electrolyte decomposition.Here,Li_(1-x)TMO_(2-y)/Li_(2)SO_(4) hybrid layer is designed by a simple pyrolysis method to enhance the high voltage cycle stability of NCM.In such constructed hybrid layer,the inner spinel structure of Li_(1-x)TMO_(2-y)layer is the electron-rich state,which could form an electron cloud coupling with the NCM with surface oxygen vacancies,while Li_(2)SO_(4) is p-type semiconductors,thus constructing a heterojunction interface of Li_(1-x)TMO_(2-y)//Li_(2)SO_(4) and Li_(1-x)TMO_(2-y)//NCM,thereby generating internal self-built electric fields to inhibit the outward migration of bulk oxygen anions.Moreover,the internal self-built electric fields could not only strengthen the bonding force between the Li_(1-x)TMO_(2-y)/Li_(2)SO_(4) hybrid layer and host NCM material,but also boost the charge transfer.As consequence,the modified NCM materials show excellent electrochemical performance with capacity retention of 97.7%and 90.1%after 200 cycles at 4.3 V and 4.5 V,respectively.This work provides a new idea for the development of high energy density applications of Nickel-rich layered cathode materials.

Three-dimensional oxygen-doped porous graphene:Sodium chloridetemplate preparation,structural characterization and supercapacitor performances

Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage device,which has the advantages of high-power property and long cycle life.In this study,three-dimensional graphene(3 D-GN)with oxygen doping and porous structure was prepared from graphene oxide(GO)by an inexpensive sodium chloride(NaCl)template,as a promising electrode material for the supercapacitor.The structure,morphology,specific surface area,pore size,of the sample were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM and BET techniques.The electrochemical performances of the sample were tested by CV and CDC techniques.The 3 D-GE product is a threedimensional nano material with hierarchical porous structures,its specific surface area is much larger than that of routine stacked graphene(GN),and it contains a large number of mesoporous and macropores,a small amount of micropores.The capacitance characteristics of the 3 D-GN electrode material are excellent,showing high specific capacitance(173.5 F·g^(-1)at 1 A·g^(-1)),good rate performance(109.2 F·g^(-1)at 8 A·g^(-1))and long cycle life(88%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 8 A·g^(-1))

Advanced all-solid-state lithium-selenium batteries enabled by selenium-nitrogen doped hierarchic meso-microporous carbon nanospheres composite cathode

Selenium,an element belonging to the same group in the periodic table as sulfur,has a high electronic conductivity(1×10^(-5)S/cm)and a high volumetric energy density(3253 mA h/cm^(3)),which is a prospective cathode material for high-energy all-solid-state rechargeable batteries.However,its wide use is hindered by large volume expansion and low utilization rate.In this work,Se-infused nitrogen-doped hierarchical meso-microporous carbon composites(Se/NHPC)are prepared by a melt-diffusion process.Amorphous Se is uniformly dispersed in meso-micropores of NHPC with a high mass loading of 81%.All-solid-state Li-Se batteries fabricated by using Se/NHPC as the cathode,a Li-In alloy as the anode,and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl as the solid-state electrolyte,deliver a highly reversible capacity of 621 m Ah/g(92%of theoretical capacity),a good rate capability and a high capacity retention value of 80.9%after 100 cycles.It is found that the capacity decay of Se cathode is mainly related to the interfacial degradation and the separation of Se from the carbon substrate,as suggested by the continuous increase of interfacial resistance and the structural transformation from amorphous Senchains to Se8rings initial discharge/charge cycle and then to the trigonally crystalline Se chains structure after the long-term cycles.

A duplication-free quantum neural network for universal approximation

Different from the concept of universal computation,the universality of a quantum neural network focuses on the ability to approximate arbitrary functions and is an important guarantee for effectiveness.However,conventional approaches of constructing a universal quantum neural network may result in a huge quantum register that is challenging to implement due to noise on a near-term device.To address this,we propose a simple design of a duplication-free quantum neural network whose universality can be rigorously proven.Specifically,instead of using multiple duplicates of the quantum register,our method relies on a single quantum register combined with multiple activation functions to create nonlinearity and achieve universality.Accordingly,our proposal requires significantly fewer qubits with shallower circuits,and hence substantially reduces the resource overhead and the noise effect.In addition,simulations demonstrate that our universality design is able to achieve a better learning accuracy in the presence of noise,illustrating a great potential in solving larger-scale learning problems on near-term devices.

Negotiation during A Crisis:Possible Problems and Three Suggestions for SME Leaders

Negotiation skills are essential for everyone especially business leaders to agree on how to share a limited resource,create mutual benefit and avoid conflicts in crisis.In this recent coronavirus outbreak,the Chinese government is encouraging people to stay at home as much as possible,prohibiting any gathering activities,and forcing some businesses to close.Therefore,this paper will use data analysis,case study and investigation for a small garment processor enterprise to indicate the problem about capital chain rupture and loss of profit from macro to micro perspectives.From the second half of this paper,there are three suggestions including preparation,adjustment of emotions and some common tactics for SMEs to use in negotiation in crisis.

Tuning microwave absorption properties of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based materials:Component optimization and structure modulation

The current electromagnetic environment brings a growing demand for efficient microwave absorption(MA)materials.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene,one of the 2D transition-metal carbides,is considered to be a promising MA material owing to its superior dielectric properties and structural processability.In order to further improve the MA performance and environmental adaptability of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based MA materials enhanced by composition and structure design have been extensively studied and the regu-lation ideas for its MA properties can be outlined as component optimization and structure manipulation strategies based on the microwave absorption mechanism.Herein,we briefly introduced the microwave absorption mechanism and focused on the design strategies of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based MA materials based on recent advances.In addition,the prospects of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based MA materials were also discussed.

Hydrated ammonium manganese phosphates by electrochemically induced manganese-defect as cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs) with the merits of low cost, low toxicity, high safety, environmental benignity as well as multi-valence properties as the large-scale energy storage devices demonstrate tremendous application prospect. However, the explorations for the most competitive manganese-based cathode materials of AZIBs have been mainly limited to some known manganese oxides. Herein, we report a new type of cathode material NH_(4)MnPO_(4)·H_(2)O(abbreviated as AMPH) for rechargeable AZIBs synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. An in-situ electrochemical strategy inducing Mn-defect has been used to unlock the electrochemical activity of AMPH through the initial charge process, which can convert poor electrochemical characteristic of AMPH towards Zn^(2+)and NH_(4)+into great electrochemically active cathode for AZIBs. It still delivers a reversible discharge capacity up to 90.0 m Ah/g at 0.5 A/g even after 1000thcycles, which indicates a considerable capacity and an impressive cycle stability. Furthermore, this cathode reveals an(de)insertion mechanism of Zn^(2+)and NH_(4)+without structural collapse during the charge/discharge process. The work not only supplements a new member for the family of manganese-based compound for AZIBs, but also provides a potential direction for developing novel cathode material for AZIBs by introducing defect chemistry.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of B-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition In-Situ Alloying

In the field repair application of laser metal deposition(LMD),the kinds of powder materials that can be used are limited,while the equipment components are made of various materials.Hence many components have to be repaired with heterogeneous materials.However,it is difficult to match the mechanical properties between the repaired layer and the substrate due to the diff erent materials.Based on the high flexibility of raw materials and processes in LMD,an in-situ alloying method is proposed herein for tailoring the mechanical properties of LMDed alloy.Using diff erent mixing ratios of Fe314 and 316 L stainless steel powders as the control parameter,the microstructure and mechanical properties of B-bearing austenitic stainless steel fabricated by LMD in-situ alloying with diff erent proportions of Fe314 and 316 L particles were studied.With the increase in the concentration of 316 L steel,the volume fraction of the eutectic phase in deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steel reduced,the size of the austenite dendrite increased,the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased monotonically,while the elongation increased monotonically.Moreover,the fracture mode changed from quasi-cleavage fracture to ductile fracture.By adding 316 L powder,the yield strength,tensile strength,and elongation of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steel could be adjusted within the range of 712 MPa–257 MPa,1325 MPa–509 MPa,and 8.7%–59.3%,respectively.Therefore,this work provides a new method and idea for solving the performance matching problem of equipment components in the field repair.