Researching the dynamic distribution characteristics and trend evolution of agricultural carbon emissions is of considerable significance in formulating an effective agricultural carbon reduction policy.Based on measu...Researching the dynamic distribution characteristics and trend evolution of agricultural carbon emissions is of considerable significance in formulating an effective agricultural carbon reduction policy.Based on measurement of agricultural carbon emissions of 31 provinces over the period 2002-2011,the study observed regional differences and the dynamic evolution of distribution of agricultural carbon emissions using agricultural carbon intensity as the indicator,accompanied by Gini coefficients and the kernel density estimation method.The results demonstrate first that agricultural carbon emissions for China show an obvious nonequilibrium nature in regard to spatial distribution.According to the differences in agricultural carbon emissions dynamic trends,we divided the 31 regions into four types- continuous decline,fluctuating decline,continuous increase,and fluctuating increase.Further,agricultural carbon emissions intensity showed a downward trend with significant differences in the research areas.Second,the gap in spatial distribution of national agricultural carbon emissions is gradually expanding based on the results calculated by Gini coefficient.From the perception of regional differences in agricultural carbon emissions,the eastern region showed an average level,the gap was more obvious in the central region,while western region showed a trend of fluctuating downward.Third,according to estimation by kernel density,the regional disparity in agricultural carbon emissions had a downward,but limited,trend.In regard to agricultural carbon emissions over the three areas,the regional gap not only tended to decrease but also showed a "four way" differentiation phenomenon in the eastern region.The difference in the central region difference was narrower.On the whole,the gap for the western region reduced steadily over a small range.展开更多
Taxol(Paclitaxel)is a diterpene from Taxus species and has been used in treatment of various kinds of cancers.Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase(GGPPS)catalyzes the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate(GGPP,the co...Taxol(Paclitaxel)is a diterpene from Taxus species and has been used in treatment of various kinds of cancers.Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase(GGPPS)catalyzes the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate(GGPP,the common precursor for diterpenes and plays a key role in taxol biosynthesis.Here we report a functional GGPPS gene from Taxus chinensis(designated TcGGPPS).TcGGPPS is an intron free gene and has a 1,182-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 393 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 42.63 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.58.The catalytic activity of TcGGPPS for production of GGPP was verified by a color enhancement assay in the Escherichia coli cells harboring plasmid pAC-BETA.Multiple sequence alignment indicates that TcGGPPS is a little different in sequence from the functional GGPPS genes from other Taxus species such as T.canadensis,T.media and T.wallichiana,which are almost identical to each other.Protein structure prediction by using bioinformatics reveals that TcGGPPS consists of 52.2%α-helix,10.9%extended strand,8.4%β-turn and 28.5%random coil,and has a three-dimensional structure highly similar to the structurally known Sinapis alba GGPPS.In silicon predictions also demonstrate that TcGGPPS has a plastid-targeting peptide at the N-terminus,suggesting it is responsible for the synthesis of GGPP in plastids.展开更多
Objective:To compare the effects of the use and non-use of a disinfectant on the outcomes of separation of the labia minora in infants.Methods:The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group with 24 case...Objective:To compare the effects of the use and non-use of a disinfectant on the outcomes of separation of the labia minora in infants.Methods:The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group with 24 cases and a control group with 25 cases.In the control group,1%iodophor was used to clean and disinfect the large and small labia and the surrounding skin,while normal saline was used in the experimental group.Other procedures such as the surgery and nursing method were the same in both groups.Results:There were no symptoms of urinary tract infection such as redness of the vulva,swelling,pain,and abnormal urination in the test group and control group after three days of follow-up,and no recurrence was seen at one month of follow-up.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Use or non-use of a disinfectant to clean the urethral opening before separation of the labia minora has no significant effect on the outcomes,and does not cause postoperative urinary tract infection symptoms.Moreover,non-use of a disinfectant can prevent local irritation and reduce the economic burden on the patients.展开更多
Disrupting effects of pollutants on symbiotic microbiota have been regarded as an important mechanism of host toxicity,with most current research focusing on the intestinal microbiota.In fact,the epidermal microbiota,...Disrupting effects of pollutants on symbiotic microbiota have been regarded as an important mechanism of host toxicity,with most current research focusing on the intestinal microbiota.In fact,the epidermal microbiota,which participates in the nutrient exchange between hosts and environments,could play a crucial role in host toxicity via community changes.To compare the contributions of intestinal and epidermal symbiotic microorganisms to host toxicity,this study designed single and combined scenarios of soil contamination[nano zerovalent iron(nZVI)and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)],and revealed the coupling mechanisms between intestinal/epidermal symbiotic bacterial communities and earthworm toxicological endpoints.Microbiome analysis showed that 15%of intestinal microbes were highly correlated with host endpoints,compared to 45%of epidermal microbes showing a similar correlation.Functional comparisons revealed that key species on the epidermis were mainly heterotrophic microbes with genetic abilities to utilize metal elements and carbohydrate nutrients.Further verifications demonstrated that when facing the co-contamination of nZVI and TCEP,certain symbiotic microorganisms became dominant and consumed zinc,copper,and manganese along with saccharides and amino acids,which may be responsible for the nutritional deficiencies in the host earthworms.The findings can enrich the understanding of the coupling relationship between symbiotic microorganisms and host toxicity,highlighting the importance of epidermal microorganisms in host resistance to environmental pollution.展开更多
Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss is an ideal treatment endpoint for patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We investigated the predictive value of on-treatment HBsAg levels for HBsAg loss in hepatitis B e antige...Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss is an ideal treatment endpoint for patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We investigated the predictive value of on-treatment HBsAg levels for HBsAg loss in hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-negative CHB patients who received 120-week PEG-IFNα-2a treatment.Serum HBV DNA,HBsAg,and anti-HBs levels were assayed at baseline and every 3 months during the treatment.Of 81 patients,12 achieved HBsAg loss,20 achieved HBsAg\100 IU/mL,and 49 maintained HBs Ag C 100 IU/mL.HBsAg loss rate was only 3.7%at 48 weeks,while it reached to 11.1%and 14.8%after treatment of 96 weeks and 120 weeks.The cutoff HBs Ag levels at 12 weeks predicting HBsAg loss at 96 weeks and 120 weeks of treatment were 400 IU/mL and 750 IU/mL,with AUC 0.725 and 0.722,positive predictive value(PPV)29.41%and 30.56%,and negative predictive value(NPV)93.75%and 97.78%,respectively.The cutoff HBsAg levels at 24 weeks predicting HBsAg loss at 96 weeks and 120 weeks of treatment were 174 IU/m L and 236 IU/mL respectively,with AUC 0.925 and 0.922,PPV 40.0%and 46.15%,and both NPV 100%.The predictive ability of the cutoff HBsAg levels at 24 weeks was better than that at 12 weeks for HBs Ag loss at either 96 or 120 weeks(χ~2=3.880,P=0.049 andχ~2=4.412,P=0.036).These results indicate that extended therapy is critical to HBsAg loss in HBe Ag-negative CHB patients during PEG-IFN treatment,and the HBsAg level at 24 weeks can be used to predict HBsAg loss during tailoring PEG-IFN therapy.展开更多
Solid-state lithium-metal batteries(SLMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising next-generation devices because of their potential high safety,high energy density,and simple packing procedure.However,the pra...Solid-state lithium-metal batteries(SLMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising next-generation devices because of their potential high safety,high energy density,and simple packing procedure.However,the practical applications of SLMBs are restricted by a series of static and dynamic interfacial issues,including poor interfacial contact,(electro-)chemical incompatibility,dynamic Li dendrite penetration,etc.In recent years,considerable attempts have been made to obtain mechanistic insight into interfacial failures and to develop possible strategies towards excellent interfacial properties for SLMBs.The static and dynamic failure mechanisms at interfaces between solid electrolytes(SEs)and electrodes are comprehensively summarized,and design strategies involving interfacial modification,electrode/SE engineering,and the monolithic construction of SLMBs are discussed in detail.Finally,possible research methodologies such as theoretical calcu-lations,advanced characterization techniques,and versatile design strategies are provided to tackle these interfacial problems.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 71273105]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number 2013YB12]
文摘Researching the dynamic distribution characteristics and trend evolution of agricultural carbon emissions is of considerable significance in formulating an effective agricultural carbon reduction policy.Based on measurement of agricultural carbon emissions of 31 provinces over the period 2002-2011,the study observed regional differences and the dynamic evolution of distribution of agricultural carbon emissions using agricultural carbon intensity as the indicator,accompanied by Gini coefficients and the kernel density estimation method.The results demonstrate first that agricultural carbon emissions for China show an obvious nonequilibrium nature in regard to spatial distribution.According to the differences in agricultural carbon emissions dynamic trends,we divided the 31 regions into four types- continuous decline,fluctuating decline,continuous increase,and fluctuating increase.Further,agricultural carbon emissions intensity showed a downward trend with significant differences in the research areas.Second,the gap in spatial distribution of national agricultural carbon emissions is gradually expanding based on the results calculated by Gini coefficient.From the perception of regional differences in agricultural carbon emissions,the eastern region showed an average level,the gap was more obvious in the central region,while western region showed a trend of fluctuating downward.Third,according to estimation by kernel density,the regional disparity in agricultural carbon emissions had a downward,but limited,trend.In regard to agricultural carbon emissions over the three areas,the regional gap not only tended to decrease but also showed a "four way" differentiation phenomenon in the eastern region.The difference in the central region difference was narrower.On the whole,the gap for the western region reduced steadily over a small range.
文摘Taxol(Paclitaxel)is a diterpene from Taxus species and has been used in treatment of various kinds of cancers.Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase(GGPPS)catalyzes the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate(GGPP,the common precursor for diterpenes and plays a key role in taxol biosynthesis.Here we report a functional GGPPS gene from Taxus chinensis(designated TcGGPPS).TcGGPPS is an intron free gene and has a 1,182-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 393 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 42.63 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.58.The catalytic activity of TcGGPPS for production of GGPP was verified by a color enhancement assay in the Escherichia coli cells harboring plasmid pAC-BETA.Multiple sequence alignment indicates that TcGGPPS is a little different in sequence from the functional GGPPS genes from other Taxus species such as T.canadensis,T.media and T.wallichiana,which are almost identical to each other.Protein structure prediction by using bioinformatics reveals that TcGGPPS consists of 52.2%α-helix,10.9%extended strand,8.4%β-turn and 28.5%random coil,and has a three-dimensional structure highly similar to the structurally known Sinapis alba GGPPS.In silicon predictions also demonstrate that TcGGPPS has a plastid-targeting peptide at the N-terminus,suggesting it is responsible for the synthesis of GGPP in plastids.
文摘Objective:To compare the effects of the use and non-use of a disinfectant on the outcomes of separation of the labia minora in infants.Methods:The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group with 24 cases and a control group with 25 cases.In the control group,1%iodophor was used to clean and disinfect the large and small labia and the surrounding skin,while normal saline was used in the experimental group.Other procedures such as the surgery and nursing method were the same in both groups.Results:There were no symptoms of urinary tract infection such as redness of the vulva,swelling,pain,and abnormal urination in the test group and control group after three days of follow-up,and no recurrence was seen at one month of follow-up.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Use or non-use of a disinfectant to clean the urethral opening before separation of the labia minora has no significant effect on the outcomes,and does not cause postoperative urinary tract infection symptoms.Moreover,non-use of a disinfectant can prevent local irritation and reduce the economic burden on the patients.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3702103)the Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20163,42192573,22376181)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD21B070001).
文摘Disrupting effects of pollutants on symbiotic microbiota have been regarded as an important mechanism of host toxicity,with most current research focusing on the intestinal microbiota.In fact,the epidermal microbiota,which participates in the nutrient exchange between hosts and environments,could play a crucial role in host toxicity via community changes.To compare the contributions of intestinal and epidermal symbiotic microorganisms to host toxicity,this study designed single and combined scenarios of soil contamination[nano zerovalent iron(nZVI)and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)],and revealed the coupling mechanisms between intestinal/epidermal symbiotic bacterial communities and earthworm toxicological endpoints.Microbiome analysis showed that 15%of intestinal microbes were highly correlated with host endpoints,compared to 45%of epidermal microbes showing a similar correlation.Functional comparisons revealed that key species on the epidermis were mainly heterotrophic microbes with genetic abilities to utilize metal elements and carbohydrate nutrients.Further verifications demonstrated that when facing the co-contamination of nZVI and TCEP,certain symbiotic microorganisms became dominant and consumed zinc,copper,and manganese along with saccharides and amino acids,which may be responsible for the nutritional deficiencies in the host earthworms.The findings can enrich the understanding of the coupling relationship between symbiotic microorganisms and host toxicity,highlighting the importance of epidermal microorganisms in host resistance to environmental pollution.
基金funded in part by the Beijing Hospitals Authority of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(XMLX 201706)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2017ZX10203202-003,2017ZX10201201-001-006,and 2017ZX10201201-002-006)+1 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Commission(D161100002716002)the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(XXZ0302 and XXT28)。
文摘Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss is an ideal treatment endpoint for patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We investigated the predictive value of on-treatment HBsAg levels for HBsAg loss in hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-negative CHB patients who received 120-week PEG-IFNα-2a treatment.Serum HBV DNA,HBsAg,and anti-HBs levels were assayed at baseline and every 3 months during the treatment.Of 81 patients,12 achieved HBsAg loss,20 achieved HBsAg\100 IU/mL,and 49 maintained HBs Ag C 100 IU/mL.HBsAg loss rate was only 3.7%at 48 weeks,while it reached to 11.1%and 14.8%after treatment of 96 weeks and 120 weeks.The cutoff HBs Ag levels at 12 weeks predicting HBsAg loss at 96 weeks and 120 weeks of treatment were 400 IU/mL and 750 IU/mL,with AUC 0.725 and 0.722,positive predictive value(PPV)29.41%and 30.56%,and negative predictive value(NPV)93.75%and 97.78%,respectively.The cutoff HBsAg levels at 24 weeks predicting HBsAg loss at 96 weeks and 120 weeks of treatment were 174 IU/m L and 236 IU/mL respectively,with AUC 0.925 and 0.922,PPV 40.0%and 46.15%,and both NPV 100%.The predictive ability of the cutoff HBsAg levels at 24 weeks was better than that at 12 weeks for HBs Ag loss at either 96 or 120 weeks(χ~2=3.880,P=0.049 andχ~2=4.412,P=0.036).These results indicate that extended therapy is critical to HBsAg loss in HBe Ag-negative CHB patients during PEG-IFN treatment,and the HBsAg level at 24 weeks can be used to predict HBsAg loss during tailoring PEG-IFN therapy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2402600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11904379,51972329,52061160484,52125105,52188101)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JCYJ20210324101203009,JCYJ2020010911562492,JCYJ20190807171803813)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011493,2019A1515011902,2019TX05L389,2020B0301030002).
文摘Solid-state lithium-metal batteries(SLMBs)have been regarded as one of the most promising next-generation devices because of their potential high safety,high energy density,and simple packing procedure.However,the practical applications of SLMBs are restricted by a series of static and dynamic interfacial issues,including poor interfacial contact,(electro-)chemical incompatibility,dynamic Li dendrite penetration,etc.In recent years,considerable attempts have been made to obtain mechanistic insight into interfacial failures and to develop possible strategies towards excellent interfacial properties for SLMBs.The static and dynamic failure mechanisms at interfaces between solid electrolytes(SEs)and electrodes are comprehensively summarized,and design strategies involving interfacial modification,electrode/SE engineering,and the monolithic construction of SLMBs are discussed in detail.Finally,possible research methodologies such as theoretical calcu-lations,advanced characterization techniques,and versatile design strategies are provided to tackle these interfacial problems.
