Habitat quality assessments are of great significance for protecting biodiversity.This study analyzes the changing habitat quality of Lashihai watershed based on SPOT satellite images.We extracted the land use data fo...Habitat quality assessments are of great significance for protecting biodiversity.This study analyzes the changing habitat quality of Lashihai watershed based on SPOT satellite images.We extracted the land use data for Lashihai watershed in Yunnan province for the years 2000 and 2015,and then used an INVEST model to evaluate habitat degradation,habitat quality and habitat scarcity in the study area from 2000 to 2015.Spatial statistical methods were used to determine changes to spatial dynamics.Results indicate that the number of areas with habitat degradation was generally small,and that both the number of areas with habitat degradation and the degree of degradation had fallen noticeably during the fifteen-year study period.In general,the quality of habitats was main- tained or improved,while the quality of habitats decreased in only a few areas.The scarcity of habitats for cultivated land had increased,the tension between people and land use was relatively prominent.The reason habitat quality in Lashihai watershed has improved can be attributed to three factors:1)The policy of returning farmland to forests since 2000 has been well implemented and has achieved remarkable results.Loss of forests from logging and deforestation has basically been eliminated,and great progress has been made restoring the ecological environment.2)High background value of quality habitat suitability benefits from the research area's high vegetation coverage.3)The development of the local tourism economy has transformed the area's ecological advantages into an economic bonus,greatly increasing the income level and living standards of residents.At the same time,the ecological resource bonus has increased the enthusiasm of residents for ecological protection and has helped to promote the protection of local eco-systems,both reducing ecological degradation and improving habitat quality.At the same time,increasing conflicts between land and people should be addressed.Support is needed to promote development of the ecological economy while continuously reducing ecological degradation and further increasing residents'income.There must be less reliance on industry and less pressure on both land and people,all the while ensuring that the local economy and ecology can more forward together in a sustainable way.展开更多
Governance is a kind of holistic governance and the notion of governing holistically should be established. The holisticity of governance is reflected in the unity and coordination between value rationality and instru...Governance is a kind of holistic governance and the notion of governing holistically should be established. The holisticity of governance is reflected in the unity and coordination between value rationality and instrumental rationality, normative appeal and practical appeal as well as global governance and state governance. Global and state governances are two strategic considerations in contemporary China. Actively participating in global governance and rationally promoting state governance is the rational choice of contemporary China, which plays a unique and significant role in realizing the social transformation and national rejuvenation and modernization of contemporary China. Deepening state governance with the help of global governance and promoting global governance with the support of state governance is the basic idea and dimension of understanding and grasping the interaction, coordination and overall planning between the two. The restrictions and effects of global governance on state governance are mainly reflected in such considerations as objects, mechanisms, concepts and interests of governance, and modernization of state governance system and improvement of governance capacity can promote and deepen global governance in a more effective way.展开更多
Identity is the ＂sameness＂ and belonging of identification. In a real sense, cultural identity is often related to ethno-cultural identity, while political identity and national identity are more often inseparable. ...Identity is the ＂sameness＂ and belonging of identification. In a real sense, cultural identity is often related to ethno-cultural identity, while political identity and national identity are more often inseparable. Cultural identity lays particular stress on the group destiny of a people or ethnic group from which its members cannot withdraw. Political identity, on the other hand, highlights the subjective values and intentions chosen, judged and assessed by the members of society. Since modem times, politics, as the surface of the social structure, has demonstrated increasingly serious conflict and perplexity, and the decline of the political identity has gradually developed into a common social phenomenon. Considering the high complementarity and the mutual stimulation between cultural identity and political identity, we should take cultural identity as the pivot for our entry into the actual practice of community politics, with a view to promoting institutional innovations, making interest adjustments, and intensifying the community members＇ sense of belonging. These are exceptionally meaningful for strengthening the political identity of a community.展开更多
Following the change of objectives in China＇s public policy on intellectual property and the continuous increase in that policy＇s range of adjustment and number of policy input sources, the focus of policy making sh...Following the change of objectives in China＇s public policy on intellectual property and the continuous increase in that policy＇s range of adjustment and number of policy input sources, the focus of policy making should be shifted to perfecting the policy system and its operating mechanism. However, the present operating model of technology transfer policy still adheres to the conventional emphasis on the effectiveness of individual policies. Conflicts between policies cancel out efficiency, leading to internal friction which may make the system as a whole work less effective. This paper applies the principle of synergetics to the construction and operation of the public policy system. On the basis of the high efficiency and practical value of synergistic operating mechanisms, we put forward concrete measures for establishing a synergistic operating mechanism for Chinese technology transfer policy.展开更多
During the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, the contradictions and conflicts arising from the different political systems, ways of rule, living styles and organization modes of economic life between the Manchu and the H...During the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, the contradictions and conflicts arising from the different political systems, ways of rule, living styles and organization modes of economic life between the Manchu and the Han constituted a central part of Manchu-Han cultural conflicts, and intensified the social contradiction during the earlier years of emperors Shunzhi and Kangxi. Against this background, the early-Qing Neo-Confucianism neither criticized the reality nor rejected the tradition, but attempted to reestablish the moral and ethical order of the Chinese society in accordance with orthodox Confucianism. With its introduction into the imperial court by famous Neo-Confueianists such as Xiong Cilii, Neo-Confucianism began to enjoy increasing influence in Qing politics, and became the dominant official ideology in the Qing society. With this, the Qing dynasty gradually completed its historical transition from traditional Manchu politics to Central-plains politics. Moreover, the emperor＇s turnto Confucianism also put a good end to the decade-long cultural conflict within the Qing dynasty, thus making possible the ethnic intermingling between the Manchu and the Han. Accordingly, the change in Ming loyalists＇ political attitude was a political and cultural indicator of the disorder-order transition of the early-Qing Chinese society.展开更多
Media supervision is the most common and effective form of extrajudicial trial supervision and hence should receive the most theoretical attention. Because of the enormous influence of media supervision and the uncert...Media supervision is the most common and effective form of extrajudicial trial supervision and hence should receive the most theoretical attention. Because of the enormous influence of media supervision and the uncertainty of its outcomes, the relationship between the media and the court has always been tense. Currently, the main model of media trial supervision centers on trial results; that is, media questions and criticisms tend to revolve around the substantive outcome of the trial in the hope that the courts will change the verdict. This supervisory model potentially risks encroaching on judicial independence. In the context of China＇s transitional society, such risks will be hard to control and will often develop into immediate social conflicts, jeopardizing the impartiality of the trial. To avoid this, the model of media supervision centered on trial results should shift to one centered on the conduct of the trial.展开更多
To study the relationship between under-urbanization and international trade, we set up a model of the transfer of surplus rural labor in an open economy using 1995-2010 data from 40 countries and regions where indust...To study the relationship between under-urbanization and international trade, we set up a model of the transfer of surplus rural labor in an open economy using 1995-2010 data from 40 countries and regions where industrialization was incomplete. Our findings indicate that if, in an open economy, there is a substantial labor surplus and in which domestic goods and services can be sold to foreign markets, there will be a significantly positive correlation between the net export ratio and the degree to which urbanization lags behind industrialization; countries or regions with higher marketization level, lower urban unemployment rate and poorer public health facilities are more likely to be under- urbanized; and an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between under-urbanization and percapita GDR展开更多
The central concept of Western Enlightenment is scientific reason. It catalyzed the development of modernity, but itself contains a series of paradoxes： between ＂ought＂ and ＂is,＂ between necessity and freedom, be...The central concept of Western Enlightenment is scientific reason. It catalyzed the development of modernity, but itself contains a series of paradoxes： between ＂ought＂ and ＂is,＂ between necessity and freedom, between universality and historicity, and so on. The impact of Enlightenment reason on China was negative in that it generated a superstitious belief in the omnipotence of scientific method and in Western experience and political principles. Consequently, Chinese liberals were unable to handle the relationship between modem Western culture and traditional local culture and the relationship between the ideals of Enlightenment modernity and the objective requirements of real-life politics. At the same time, they were unable to identify the rational and non-rational elements in Western modernity or to develop what was useful and discard what was not. The real value of the Enlightenment lies in its spirit of reflective criticism. It is, therefore, an unfinished business in terms of eliminating superstition and dogma.展开更多
At present,economic decision-makers and theorists predict that the robust alliance of“German technology”and“made in China”will reach new global heights through the development of intelligent manufacturing.However,...At present,economic decision-makers and theorists predict that the robust alliance of“German technology”and“made in China”will reach new global heights through the development of intelligent manufacturing.However,the path to the realization of this prediction is still being explored.Shandong is a microcosm of China’s economic development and China-Germany cooperation,so the province can be analyzed as a representative example of the industrial choices and implementation strategies of this cooperation.In practice,China-Germany industrial cooperation should take into account industries where Germany has an advantage and the industrial development priorities and future growth potential of China and Shandong.We should thus focus on raising the quality of German investment and attending to its spill-over effects.The findings of a quantitative analysis of Shandong’s industrial gradient coefficient and industrial correlation show that the future alignment of German and Shandong industry should adhere to the principle of“emphasizing key points and storing up resources for the future.”For this reason,we should not only strengthen the key fields of Shandong’s industrial alignment with Germany,but also actively cultivate areas with potential.Research on the pattern of German investment in China indicates that German companies’choice of investment location has certain distinctive features.The factors that matter most in attracting German investment are the concentration of German first-comer enterprises in the host country,the shape of the business environment and the level of human capital and regional science and technology.For this reason,against the background of the Belt and Road Initiative,Shandong’s alignment with German industry should focus on building industry chains,constructing investment platforms and shaping the external environment.展开更多
基金Supported by fund for building world-class universities(disciplines) of Renmin University of China(2018)
文摘Habitat quality assessments are of great significance for protecting biodiversity.This study analyzes the changing habitat quality of Lashihai watershed based on SPOT satellite images.We extracted the land use data for Lashihai watershed in Yunnan province for the years 2000 and 2015,and then used an INVEST model to evaluate habitat degradation,habitat quality and habitat scarcity in the study area from 2000 to 2015.Spatial statistical methods were used to determine changes to spatial dynamics.Results indicate that the number of areas with habitat degradation was generally small,and that both the number of areas with habitat degradation and the degree of degradation had fallen noticeably during the fifteen-year study period.In general,the quality of habitats was main- tained or improved,while the quality of habitats decreased in only a few areas.The scarcity of habitats for cultivated land had increased,the tension between people and land use was relatively prominent.The reason habitat quality in Lashihai watershed has improved can be attributed to three factors:1)The policy of returning farmland to forests since 2000 has been well implemented and has achieved remarkable results.Loss of forests from logging and deforestation has basically been eliminated,and great progress has been made restoring the ecological environment.2)High background value of quality habitat suitability benefits from the research area's high vegetation coverage.3)The development of the local tourism economy has transformed the area's ecological advantages into an economic bonus,greatly increasing the income level and living standards of residents.At the same time,the ecological resource bonus has increased the enthusiasm of residents for ecological protection and has helped to promote the protection of local eco-systems,both reducing ecological degradation and improving habitat quality.At the same time,increasing conflicts between land and people should be addressed.Support is needed to promote development of the ecological economy while continuously reducing ecological degradation and further increasing residents'income.There must be less reliance on industry and less pressure on both land and people,all the while ensuring that the local economy and ecology can more forward together in a sustainable way.
文摘Governance is a kind of holistic governance and the notion of governing holistically should be established. The holisticity of governance is reflected in the unity and coordination between value rationality and instrumental rationality, normative appeal and practical appeal as well as global governance and state governance. Global and state governances are two strategic considerations in contemporary China. Actively participating in global governance and rationally promoting state governance is the rational choice of contemporary China, which plays a unique and significant role in realizing the social transformation and national rejuvenation and modernization of contemporary China. Deepening state governance with the help of global governance and promoting global governance with the support of state governance is the basic idea and dimension of understanding and grasping the interaction, coordination and overall planning between the two. The restrictions and effects of global governance on state governance are mainly reflected in such considerations as objects, mechanisms, concepts and interests of governance, and modernization of state governance system and improvement of governance capacity can promote and deepen global governance in a more effective way.
文摘Identity is the ＂sameness＂ and belonging of identification. In a real sense, cultural identity is often related to ethno-cultural identity, while political identity and national identity are more often inseparable. Cultural identity lays particular stress on the group destiny of a people or ethnic group from which its members cannot withdraw. Political identity, on the other hand, highlights the subjective values and intentions chosen, judged and assessed by the members of society. Since modem times, politics, as the surface of the social structure, has demonstrated increasingly serious conflict and perplexity, and the decline of the political identity has gradually developed into a common social phenomenon. Considering the high complementarity and the mutual stimulation between cultural identity and political identity, we should take cultural identity as the pivot for our entry into the actual practice of community politics, with a view to promoting institutional innovations, making interest adjustments, and intensifying the community members＇ sense of belonging. These are exceptionally meaningful for strengthening the political identity of a community.
基金the phased result of a key research project sponsored by the National Social Sciences Fund (No.:08@zh003)
文摘Following the change of objectives in China＇s public policy on intellectual property and the continuous increase in that policy＇s range of adjustment and number of policy input sources, the focus of policy making should be shifted to perfecting the policy system and its operating mechanism. However, the present operating model of technology transfer policy still adheres to the conventional emphasis on the effectiveness of individual policies. Conflicts between policies cancel out efficiency, leading to internal friction which may make the system as a whole work less effective. This paper applies the principle of synergetics to the construction and operation of the public policy system. On the basis of the high efficiency and practical value of synergistic operating mechanisms, we put forward concrete measures for establishing a synergistic operating mechanism for Chinese technology transfer policy.
文摘During the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, the contradictions and conflicts arising from the different political systems, ways of rule, living styles and organization modes of economic life between the Manchu and the Han constituted a central part of Manchu-Han cultural conflicts, and intensified the social contradiction during the earlier years of emperors Shunzhi and Kangxi. Against this background, the early-Qing Neo-Confucianism neither criticized the reality nor rejected the tradition, but attempted to reestablish the moral and ethical order of the Chinese society in accordance with orthodox Confucianism. With its introduction into the imperial court by famous Neo-Confueianists such as Xiong Cilii, Neo-Confucianism began to enjoy increasing influence in Qing politics, and became the dominant official ideology in the Qing society. With this, the Qing dynasty gradually completed its historical transition from traditional Manchu politics to Central-plains politics. Moreover, the emperor＇s turnto Confucianism also put a good end to the decade-long cultural conflict within the Qing dynasty, thus making possible the ethnic intermingling between the Manchu and the Han. Accordingly, the change in Ming loyalists＇ political attitude was a political and cultural indicator of the disorder-order transition of the early-Qing Chinese society.
基金support from the Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,China
文摘Media supervision is the most common and effective form of extrajudicial trial supervision and hence should receive the most theoretical attention. Because of the enormous influence of media supervision and the uncertainty of its outcomes, the relationship between the media and the court has always been tense. Currently, the main model of media trial supervision centers on trial results; that is, media questions and criticisms tend to revolve around the substantive outcome of the trial in the hope that the courts will change the verdict. This supervisory model potentially risks encroaching on judicial independence. In the context of China＇s transitional society, such risks will be hard to control and will often develop into immediate social conflicts, jeopardizing the impartiality of the trial. To avoid this, the model of media supervision centered on trial results should shift to one centered on the conduct of the trial.
基金a research product of the CASS Innovation Project "Urbanization,Structural Effects and China's Economic Growth Model"
文摘To study the relationship between under-urbanization and international trade, we set up a model of the transfer of surplus rural labor in an open economy using 1995-2010 data from 40 countries and regions where industrialization was incomplete. Our findings indicate that if, in an open economy, there is a substantial labor surplus and in which domestic goods and services can be sold to foreign markets, there will be a significantly positive correlation between the net export ratio and the degree to which urbanization lags behind industrialization; countries or regions with higher marketization level, lower urban unemployment rate and poorer public health facilities are more likely to be under- urbanized; and an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between under-urbanization and percapita GDR
文摘The central concept of Western Enlightenment is scientific reason. It catalyzed the development of modernity, but itself contains a series of paradoxes： between ＂ought＂ and ＂is,＂ between necessity and freedom, between universality and historicity, and so on. The impact of Enlightenment reason on China was negative in that it generated a superstitious belief in the omnipotence of scientific method and in Western experience and political principles. Consequently, Chinese liberals were unable to handle the relationship between modem Western culture and traditional local culture and the relationship between the ideals of Enlightenment modernity and the objective requirements of real-life politics. At the same time, they were unable to identify the rational and non-rational elements in Western modernity or to develop what was useful and discard what was not. The real value of the Enlightenment lies in its spirit of reflective criticism. It is, therefore, an unfinished business in terms of eliminating superstition and dogma.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China as part of the research program "The Impact on International Capital Flows of New Trends in Dispersed Production in Transnational Corporations:Ways of Handling It"(13BGJ035)
文摘At present,economic decision-makers and theorists predict that the robust alliance of“German technology”and“made in China”will reach new global heights through the development of intelligent manufacturing.However,the path to the realization of this prediction is still being explored.Shandong is a microcosm of China’s economic development and China-Germany cooperation,so the province can be analyzed as a representative example of the industrial choices and implementation strategies of this cooperation.In practice,China-Germany industrial cooperation should take into account industries where Germany has an advantage and the industrial development priorities and future growth potential of China and Shandong.We should thus focus on raising the quality of German investment and attending to its spill-over effects.The findings of a quantitative analysis of Shandong’s industrial gradient coefficient and industrial correlation show that the future alignment of German and Shandong industry should adhere to the principle of“emphasizing key points and storing up resources for the future.”For this reason,we should not only strengthen the key fields of Shandong’s industrial alignment with Germany,but also actively cultivate areas with potential.Research on the pattern of German investment in China indicates that German companies’choice of investment location has certain distinctive features.The factors that matter most in attracting German investment are the concentration of German first-comer enterprises in the host country,the shape of the business environment and the level of human capital and regional science and technology.For this reason,against the background of the Belt and Road Initiative,Shandong’s alignment with German industry should focus on building industry chains,constructing investment platforms and shaping the external environment.
