2023年度国家自然科学基金联合基金项目申请受理、评审与资助情况综述

联合基金作为国家自然科学基金的重要组成部分,在引导和整合社会资源投入基础研究方面发挥了重要作用。2023年国家自然科学基金委员会稳步推进新时期联合基金改革,会同各联合资助方圆满完成了联合基金项目申请受理、评审与资助工作。本文统计分析了2023年度国家自然科学基金联合基金项目申请、受理与资助数据,分别介绍了项目指南发布、项目申请及其特点、项目初审、评审与资助的情况,并对2024年度联合基金工作进行了展望。

Short term effects of small incision lenticule extraction surgery on corneal endothelium

AIM： To assess the effects of small incision lenticule extraction（SMILE） surgery on the corneal endothelium at1 d to 1mo postoperatively.·METHODS： A retrospective, observational study was conducted on 47 patients（47 eyes） who received SMILE surgery. Patients were grouped according to contact lens wear condition. The corneal endothelium was examined preoperatively and at 1d, 1wk and 1mo postoperatively.The corneal endothelium was analyzed for endothelial cell density（ECD）, percentage of hexagonal cells, and coefficient of variation（CV） of cell size.·RESULTS： There were no significant decrease in the ECD, percentage of hexagonal cells or increase in CV at1 d, 1wk and 1mo postoperatively（P 〉0.05）. However,there was a small increase of ECD by 2.88% in contact lens wearers（78.26±113.62 cell/mm2, P 〈0.05）.· CONCLUSION： SMILE has no significant adverse effects on the corneal ECD and morphology during 1mo follow-up time.

基于柿子提取物的自制pH检测剂和酸碱变色科普实验

利用柿子提取物中的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)与硫酸亚铁的配位反应,研究配合物溶液对不同pH的响应变化,实现对生活中常见的具有酸碱性物质的便携区分应用。本实验原料简单易得、过程安全、现象明显,能让观众们感受到化学变化之美,激发对化学学科的浓厚兴趣。

Glycogen metabolism-mediated intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment influences liver cancer prognosis

Glycogen metabolism plays a key role in the development of hepatoellular carcinoma(HCC),but the function of glycogen metabolism genes in the tumor microenvironment(TME)is still to be elucidated.Single cell RNA-seq data were obtained from ten HCC tumor samples totaling 64,545 cells and 65 glycogen metabolism genes were analyzed bya nonnegative matrix factorization(NMF).The prognosis and immune response of new glycogen TME cell dusters were predicted by using HCC and immunotherapy cohorts from public databases.HOC single cell analysis was divided into fibroblasts,NT T cells,macrophages,endothelial clls,and B cells,which were separately divided into new cell clusters by glycogen metabolism gene annotation.Pseudo temporal trajectory analysis demonstrated the temporal differentiation trajectory of different glycogen subtype cell dusters.Cellular communication analysis revealed extensive interactions between endothelial cells with glycogen metabolizing TME cell.related subtypes and diferent glycogen subtype cell clusters.SCENIC analysis of transcription factors upstream of TME cell clusters with different glycogen metabolism.In addition,TME cell dusters of glycogen metabolism were found to be enriched in expression in CAF subtypes,CD8 depleted,M1,and M2 types.Bulk seq analysis showed the prognostic signifcance of glycogen metabolism.mediated TME cell dusters in HCC,while a significant immune response was found in the immunotherapy cohort in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade(ICB),especially for CAFs,T cells,and macrophages In summary,our study reveals for the first time that glycogen metabolism mediates intercellular communication in the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment while elucidating the anti-tumor mechanisms and immune prognostic responses of different subtypes of cell dusters.

The breaking of spin symmetry in the single-particle resonances in deformed nuclei

The exploration of spin symmetry (SS) in nuclear physics has been instrumental in identifying atomic nucleus structures.In this study,we solve the Dirac equation from the relativistic mean field (RMF) in complex momentum representation.We investigated SS and its breaking in single-particle resonant states within deformed nuclei,with a focus on the illustrative nucleus168Er.This was the initial discovery of a resonant spin doublet in a deformed nucleus,with the expectation of the SS approaching the continuum threshold.With increasing single-particle energy,the splitting of the resonant spin doublets widened significantly.This escalating splitting implies diminishing adherence to the SS,indicating a departure from the expected behavior as the energy levels increase.We also analyzed the width of the resonant states,showing that lower orbital angular momentum resonances possess shorter decay times and that SS is preserved within broad resonant doublets,as opposed to narrow resonant doublets.Comparing the radial density of the upper components for the bound-state and resonant-state doublets,it becomes evident that while SS is well-preserved in the bound states,it deteriorates in the resonant states.The impact of nuclear deformation (β_(2)) on SS was examined,demonstrating that an increase in β_(2) resulted in higher energy and width splitting in the resonant spin doublets,which is attributed to increased component mixing.Furthermore,the sensitivity of spin doublets to various potential parameters such as surface diffuseness (a),radius (R),and depth (Σ0) is discussed,emphasizing the role of these parameters in SS.This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of spin doublets in deformed nuclei and their interplay with the nuclear structure,thereby advancing our understanding of SS in the resonance state.

Corneal flap morphological analysis using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in laser in situ keratomileusis with femtosecond lasers versus mechanical microkeratome

AIM: To assess and compare the flap morphology using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with Femto LDV femtosecond lasers versus Hansatome mechanical Microkeratome. METHODS: AS-OCT (Visante) was used to compare 1 month postoperatively the morphology of the flaps created with Femto LDV femtosecond lasers or Hansatome Microkeratome. The intendedfiap thickness was 110 mu m and 160 mu m respectively. The thickness of twenty-five points across each flap, which were 0mm, 1.5mm, 2.5mm, and 3.5mm to the corneal vertex on the horizontal, vertical, 45 degrees and 135 degrees meridian respectively, was evaluated. RESULTS: One month postoperative, the central flap thickness in the Femto LDV group was 107.43 +/- 4.70 mu m, while 125.90 +/- 17.50 mu m in the Hansatome group. The difference between the actual and the expectedfiap thickness was 5.61 +/- 3.84 mu m and 31.52 +/- 12.27 mu m, respectively. The Hansatome group had presented a statistically significant result (P<0.001). Flap morphology showed a more regular planar shape in the Femto LDV group and a meniscus shape in the Hansatome group. CONCLUSION: AS-OCT is a direct and fast procedure to assess the flap morphology. The morphology by AS-OCT showed that the flaps created with Femto LDV femtosecond laser were more accurate and regular than the flaps created with Hansatome microkeratome.

An Error Equivalent Model of Revolute Joints with Clearances for Antenna Pointing Mechanisms

Joint clearances in antenna pointing mechanisms lead to uncertainty in function deviation. Current studies mainly focus on radial clearance of revolute joints, while axial clearance has rarely been taken into consideration. In fact, own?ing to errors from machining and assembly, thermal deformation and so forth, practically, axial clearance is inevitable in the joint. In this study, an error equivalent model(EEM) of revolute joints is proposed with considering both radial and axial clearances. Compared to the planar model of revolute joints only considering radial clearance, the journal motion inside the bearing is more abundant and matches the reality better in the EEM. The model is also extended for analyzing the error distribution of a spatial dual?axis("X–Y" type) antenna pointing mechanism of Spot?beam antennas which especially demand a high pointing accuracy. Three case studies are performed which illustrates the internal relation between radial clearance and axial clearance. It is found that when the axial clearance is big enough, the physical journal can freely realize both translational motion and rotational motion. While if the axial clearance is limited, the motion of the physical journal will be restricted. Analysis results indicate that the consideration of both radial and axial clearances in the revolute joint describes the journal motion inside the bearing more precise. To further validate the proposed model, a model of the EEM is designed and fabricated. Some suggestions on the design of revolute joints are also provided.

Equivalent efficacy study of QL1101 and bevacizumab on untreated advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Objective:This phase 3 study aimed to test equivalence in efficacy and safety for QL1101,a bevacizumab analogue in Chinese patients with untreated locally advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive carboplatin and paclitaxel in combination with either QL1101 or bevacizumab,15 mg/kg every 3-week for 6 cycles.This was followed by maintenance treatment with single agent QL1101 every 3-week.The primary end-point was objective response rate(ORR),with secondary end-points being progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),disease control rate(DCR),and adverse events(AEs).Results:Of 675 patients,535 eligible patients were randomized to the QL1101 group(n=269)and bevacizumab group(n=266).ORRs were 52.8%and 56.8%,respectively,for the QL1101 and bevacizumab groups,with an ORR hazard ratio 0.93(95%confidence interval:0.8-0131.1).The PFS,OS,DCR,and AEs were comparable between the 2 groups,which remained the same after stratification according to epidermal growth factor receptor mutation or smoking history.Conclusions:QL1101 showed similar efficacy and safety profiles as compared to bevacizumab among Chinese patients with untreated locally advanced non-squamous NSCLC.

A proposal for the morphological classification and nomenclature of neurons

The morphological and functional characteristics of neurons are quite varied and complex. There is a need for a comprehensive approach for distinguishing and classifying neurons. Similar to the biological species classification system, this study proposes a morphological classification system for neurons based on principal component analysis. Based on four principal components of neuronal morphology derived from principal component analysis, a nomenclature system for neurons was obtained. This system can accurately distinguish between the same type of neuron from different species.

Oxidative exfoliation of spent cathode carbon:A two-in-one strategy for its decontamination and high-valued application

Spent cathode carbon(SCC)from aluminum electrolysis is a potential graphite resource.However,full use of the SCC remains a challenge,since it contains many hazardous substances(e.g.,fluoride salts,cyanides),encapsulated within the thick carbon layers and thus posing serious environmental concerns.This work presents a chemical oxidative exfoliation route to achieve the recycling of SCC and the decontaminated SCC with high-valued graphene oxide(GO)-like carbon structures(SCC-GO)is applied as an excellent adsorbent for organic pollutants.Specifically,after the oxidative exfoliation,the embedded hazardous constituents are fully exposed,facilitating their subsequent removal by aqueous leaching.Moreover,benefiting from the enhanced specific surface areas along with abundant O-containing functional groups,the as-produced SCC-GO,shows an adsorption capacity as high as 347 mg·g^(-1)when considering methylene blue as a pollutant model,which exceeds most of the recently reported carbon-based adsorbents.Our study provides a feasible solution for the efficient recycling of hazardous carbonaceous wastes.

An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Cavitation in the Cylinder Liner of a Diesel Engine

Avoiding cavitation inside the water jacket is one of the most important issues regarding the proper design of a diesel engine’s cylinder liner.Using CFD simulations conducted in the frame of a mixture multiphase approach,a moving grid technology and near-wall cavitation model,in the present study the factors and fluid-dynamic patterns that influence cavitation are investigated from both macroscopic and mesoscopic perspectives.Several factors are examined,namely:wall vibration,water jacket width,initial cavitation bubble radius,coolant temperature,and number of bubbles.The results show that reducing the cylinder liner vibration intensity can significantly weaken the cavitation.Similarly,increasing the water jacket width is instrumental in avoiding cavitation.Increasing the coolant temperature reduces the microjet velocity related to bubble collapse,while increasing the number of bubbles produces a much larger water hammer pressure that can cause more damage to the cylinder liner.

Glycerol steam reforming over hydrothermal synthetic Ni-Ca/attapulgite for green hydrogen generation

Glycerol steam reforming(GSR)is one of the promising technologies that can realize renewable hydrogen production and efficient utilization of crude glycerol.To illuminate the functions of Ca content(3%,6%,9%,and 12%,by mass)and preparation method for Ni/ATP catalyst structure and its catalytic behaviors,the Ni-xCa/ATP(x=3%,6%,9%,and 12%,by mass)catalysts are prepared by co-impregnation(ci)and hydrothermal synthesis(hs)method and then tested in GSR.Characterization results of XRD,N_(2) adsorption–desorption,H_(2)-TPR,HRTEM,XPS,and NH_(3)/CO_(2)-TPD demonstrate that the combined effect between appropriate Ca additive(6%,by mass)and hs enhance catalyst reducibility,uniform distribution of Ca additive and nickel species over ATP,and adsorption for CO_(2).This attributes to hs method protects the ATP framework through suppressing the interaction of Ca with ATP and promotes the formation of NiCaOx interface sites.Therefore,Ni-6Ca/ATP-hs exhibits the highest conversion(86.77%)of glycerol to gas product and H_(2) yield(76.17%)and selectivity(58.56%)during GSR.Furthermore,XRD,HRTEM,TGDTG and Raman analyses confirm that Ni-6Ca/ATP-hs also reveals outstanding anti-sintering and coke resistance.In addition,the structural evolution process of Ni/ATP catalyst with Ca introduction and hs method is presented.Considering the high performance,simple preparation process and low cost,the as-prepared catalyst providing new opportunities for utilization of glycerol derived from biodiesel industry.

Hybrid Navigation System Based Autonomous Positioning and Path Planning for Mobile Robots

Positioning and navigation technology is a new trend of research in mobile robot area.Existing researches focus on the indoor industrial problems,while many application fields are in the outdoor environment,which put forward higher requirements for sensor selection and navigation scheme.In this paper,a complete hybrid navigation system for a class of mobile robots with load tasks and docking tasks is presented.The work can realize large-range autonomous positioning and path planning for mobile robots in unstructured scenarios.The autonomous positioning is achieved by adopting suitable guidance methods to meet different application requirements and accuracy requirements in conditions of different distances.Based on the Bezier curve,a path planning scheme is proposed and a motion controller is designed to make the mobile robot follow the target path.The Kalman filter is established to process the guidance signals and control outputs of the motion controller.Finally,the autonomous positioning and docking experiment are carried out.The results of the research verify the effectiveness of the hybrid navigation,which can be used in autonomous warehousing logistics and multi-mobile robot system.

MiRNA-122 Promotes Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury after Lung Transplantation via the Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway

Objective:MiRNAs have been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury.This study aimed to investigate the miRNA expression profiles,in the early stages after lung transplantation(LT)and to study the involvement of the Toll-like receptor(TLR)signaling pathway in lung IR injury following LT.Methods:We established the left LT model in mice and selected the miRNA-122 as a research target.The mice were injected with a miRNA-122-specific inhibitor,following which pathological changes in the lung tissue were studied using different lung injury indicators.In addition,we performed deep sequencing of transplanted lung tissues to identify differentially expressed(DE)miRNAs and their target genes.These target genes were used to further perform gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Results:A total of 12 DE miRNAs were selected,and 2476 target genes were identified.The GO enrichment analysis predicted 6063 terms,and the KEGG analysis predicted 1554 biological pathways.Compared with the control group,inhibiting the expression of miRNA-122 significantly reduced the lung injury and lung wet/dry ratio(P<0.05).In addition,the activity of myeloperoxidase and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and TLR2/4 were decreased(P<0.05);whereas the expression of interleukin-10 was increased(P<0.05).Furthermore,the inhibition of miRNA-122 suppressed the IR injury-induced activation of the TLR signaling pathway.Conclusion:Our findings showed the differential expression of several miRNAs in the early inflammatory response following LT.Of these,miRNA-122 promoted IR injury following LT,whereas its inhibition prevented IR injury in a TLR-dependent manner.

Cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and arrhythmia

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the distribution characteristics of cardiac autonomic nerves and to explore the correlation between cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and arrhythmia. DATA RETRIEVAL： A computer-based retrieval was performed for papers examining the distribution of cardiac autonomic nerves, using “heart, autonomic nerve, sympathetic nerve, vagus nerve, nerve distribution, rhythm and atrial fibrillation” as the key words. SELECTION CRITERIA： A total of 165 studies examining the distribution of cardiac autonomic nerve were screened, and 46 of them were eventually included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distribution and characteristics of cardiac autonomic nerves were observed, and immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and acetylcholine transferase （main markers of cardiac autonomic nerve distribution）. In addition, the correlation between cardiac autonomic nerve distribution and cardiac arrhythmia was investigated. RESULTS： Cardiac autonomic nerves were reported to exhibit a disordered distribution in different sites, mainly at the surface of the cardiac atrium and pulmonary vein, forming a ganglia plexus. The distribution of the pulmonary vein autonomic nerve was prominent at the proximal end rather than the distal end, at the upper left rather than the lower right, at the epicardial membrane rather than the endocardial membrane, at the left atrium rather than the right atrium, and at the posterior wall rather than the anterior wall. The main markers used for cardiac autonomic nerves were tyrosine hydroxylase and acetylcholine transferase. Protein gene product 9.5 was used to label the immunoreactive nerve distribution, and the distribution density of autonomic nerves was determined using a computer-aided morphometric analysis system. CONCLUSION： The uneven distribution of the cardiac autonomic nerves is the leading cause of the occurrence of arrhythmia, and the cardiac autonomic nerves play an important role in the occurrence, maintenance, and symptoms of arrhythmia.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning With Automatic Sub-Goal Identification

In reinforcement learning an agent may explore ineffectively when dealing with sparse reward tasks where finding a reward point is difficult.To solve the problem,we propose an algorithm called hierarchical deep reinforcement learning with automatic sub-goal identification via computer vision(HADS)which takes advantage of hierarchical reinforcement learning to alleviate the sparse reward problem and improve efficiency of exploration by utilizing a sub-goal mechanism.HADS uses a computer vision method to identify sub-goals automatically for hierarchical deep reinforcement learning.Due to the fact that not all sub-goal points are reachable,a mechanism is proposed to remove unreachable sub-goal points so as to further improve the performance of the algorithm.HADS involves contour recognition to identify sub-goals from the state image where some salient states in the state image may be recognized as sub-goals,while those that are not will be removed based on prior knowledge.Our experiments verified the effect of the algorithm.

Role of optical spectroscopy using endogenous contrasts in clinical cancer diagnosis

Optical spectroscopy has been intensively studied for cancer management in the past two decades.This review paper first introduces the background of optical spectroscopy for cancer management,which includes the advantages of optical techniques compared to other established techniques,the principle of optical spectroscopy and the typical setup of instrumentation.Then the recent progress in optical spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis in the following organs is reviewed:the brain,breast,cervix,lung,stomach,colon,prostate and the skin.Reviewed papers were selected from the PubMed database with keywords combining the terms of individual optical spectroscopy techniques and cancers.The primary focus is on the in vivo applications of optical spectroscopy in clinical studies.Ex vivo studies are also included for some organs to highlight special applications or when there are few in vivo results in the literature.Practical considerations of applying optical spectroscopy in clinical settings such as the speed,cost,complexity of operation,accuracy and clinical value are discussed.A few commercially available clinical instruments that are based on optical spectroscopy techniques are presented.Finally several technical challenges and standard issues are discussed and firm conclusions are made.

One year results of presbyLASIK using hybrid bi-aspheric micro-monovision ablation profile in correction of presbyopia and myopic astigmatism

●AIM:To analyze one year clinical outcomes and subjective rating of hybrid bi-aspheric multifocal central presbyLASIK with micro-monovision for correction of presbyopia and myopic astigmatism.●METHODS:Seventy-four eyes of 37 patients consecutively treated with presbyLASIK were assessed.The mean age of the patients was 43.8±3.0 y with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of-5.21±1.87 diopters(D)and mean astigmatism of-0.82±0.64 D.Visual acuity,manifest refraction,contrast sensitivity,aberrometry and patients’subjective rating were evaluated pre-and postoperatively.●RESULTS:At 1 y postoperatively(68 eyes of 34 patients),the mean spherical equivalent(SE)refraction in distance eyes was 0.06±0.05 D,whereas the achieved SE in near eyes was-0.83±0.05 D.Ninety-nine percent of eyes were within±0.50 D of target correction of SE.The binocular mean uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)was 0.00±0.18 logMAR(20/20).Sixty-four percent of patients achieved 0.0 logMAR(20/20)or better of UDVA and 0.1 logRAD or better of UNVA as well.There was a binocularly loss of one line CDVA after surgery for only one patient(3%,1/34)and no patient lost 2 lines.The changes in binocular contrast sensitivity(CS)in all test conditions were not significant at any frequency after surgery.The changes of entire eye total higher order aberrations(tHOA)and spherical aberrations(SA)significantly higher in near eyes than in distance eyes.The overall satisfaction score for surgery was 93±8.●CONCLUSION:The hybrid bi-aspheric multifocal central presby LASIK with micro-monovision appears to be an efficacious option for myopic presbyopes.One year postoperative outcomes in a relatively young presbyopia population indicate improvements in both far and near vision with high satisfaction.

The strong ground motion observation for the Wenchuan aftershock

In this paper, the mobile strong ground motion observation for the destructive earthquake is introduced. Considering the characteristics and its spatial distributions of aftershock, 59 strong ground motion instruments were installed along the Longrnenshan fault area, and more than 2 000 records have been accumulated. It shows that it is necessary to perform the mobile strong ground motion observation after the destructive earthquake, and the precious collected data could be applied for further research.

Exploration and Practice of Student Engineering Competency Training in University-Industry Collaboration Model

Engineering competency is a basic and important quality of being an engineer,but it is one of the weak points in today’s higher engineering education.Taking industrial development needs as the goal of personnel training and focusing on the cultivation of engineering competency,the authors design an integrated practical teaching system,which is based on the requirements for engineering and technical professionals and the characteristics of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(QUST).The system adopts a“project driven”teaching method and a“swimming poolTM”training mode and establishes a teaching,administration,feedback and evaluation platform consistent with the implementation of this practical teaching mode,so as to ensure the quality of engineering and technical professionals training in an in-depth university-industry collaboration mode.