特异形放射性表面污染物无包装运输安全及监管的思考

目的为我国未来推进核设施退役中特大异形污染设备无包装运输中的安全整备与监管提供借鉴。方法梳理了IAEA最新技术标准和导则中对放射性表面污染物(SCO)无包装运输的规定和要求,借鉴了德国和法国在这方面的先行实践经验,结合我国现有核安全监管的相似要求,对外包装运输涉及的源项评定、整备与验证、监管与评价等方面进行探讨。结果IAEA在最新发布标准中首次提出的特大异形表面污染物(SCO-Ⅲ)定义对我国的相关实践有非常好的指导意义。但如何在我国将其纳入监管并获得实践仍需要在技术及管理方面作进一步的细化研究。结论我国应尽快开展对现有法规标准的修订,补充对SCO-Ⅲ无包装运输的监管及技术要求,建议对SCO-Ⅲ采用特殊安排下装运的许可方式,以提高其运输安全性。

GaN HEMT栅偏置电压与反向传导电压的解耦合研究

第三代宽禁带氮化镓高电子迁移率晶体管(GaN HEMT)的反向传导特性由于受到栅极偏置的控制作用,限制了器件在双向DC/DC变换器等场景中的实用化发展。通过采用源极控制p-GaN区域的结构设计,使得部分异质结导电沟道受到源极控制,实现了反向传导电压与栅极偏置电压的解耦合,有效解决了负栅偏压下器件的反向传导特性退化难题。研究表明,当器件p-GaN层上方的源控金属块和栅极金属块长度比值为1∶1时,有利于实现正向与反向传导性能的最佳折中。在150℃高温下,采用新结构设计的GaN HEMT维持了低开启反向传导能力。双脉冲动态开关测试表明,器件具有快速开关能力。器件制备工艺简单,兼容现有的GaN HEMT工艺流程,有望促进GaN功率半导体器件技术在变换器应用领域的实用化发展。

基于人工智能技术的电力巡检机器人自动化控制系统

电力巡检机器人在实际工作中,存在进行目标定位时存在较大误差,灵活性较低,同时轨迹控制误差较大的问题。由此提出结合Elman神经网络进行视觉误差的校正,并通过增量PID进行运动控制的巡检机器人自动控制系统。系统在进行误差测量之后,通过Elman神经网络进行校正,以保证视觉误差最小。同时将数据信息传入中央控制模块,通过增量PID进行运动控制。经过实验验证,该系统能够保证电力巡检机器人实际运行轨迹与设定轨迹吻合度更高,同时具有准确稳定的避障能力。

石榴花水提物调节AHR/BNIP3改善糖尿病小鼠肝脏胰岛素信号

目的:探讨石榴花水提物(pomegranate flower water extract,PFW)对2型糖尿病小鼠肝脏胰岛素信号传导的影响及机制。方法:将C57BL/6J随机分为正常组、模型组、二甲双胍组(Met)、石榴花水提物低剂量组(PFWL)和石榴花水提物高剂量组(PFWH)。连续给药11周后,称小鼠体质量,检测空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(INS)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的含量,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织病理变化;Western blot法检测肝组织中胰岛素受体底物1(IRS1)、p-IRS1(Ser307)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、p-AKT(Ser473)、糖原合成酶激酶-3β(Gsk3β)、p-Gsk3β(S9)、芳香烃受体(AhR)、磷脂酰乙醇胺N-甲基转移酶(PEMT)、Bcl-2/腺病毒E1B-19kDa相互作用蛋白3(BNIP3)蛋白表达。结果:与模型组比较,PFWH组FBG、INS、HOMA-IR、TG和TC含量极显著降低(P<0.01);PFWH组小鼠肝细胞内脂肪滴明显减少;PFWH组极显著升高肝脏中IRS1、p-AKT(Ser473)/AKT、p-Gsk3β(S9)/Gsk3β、BNIP3蛋白表达(P<0.01),极显著降低p-IRS1(Ser307)/IRS1、AHR、PEMT蛋白表达(P<0.01)。结论:PFW可能通过调节AHR/BNIP3抑制肝脏脂质沉积,改善p-IRS1(Ser307)/p-AKT(Ser473)/p-GSK3β(S9)胰岛素信号通路转导。

黄土标贯击数与物理力学参数相关性及微观机制分析

为了补充西安市黄土塬区利用标贯击数预测土的物理力学参数的方法,以西安市长安区黄土塬地基土为例,通过现场标贯试验和室内土工试验,对地基土的标贯击数值与物理力学参数进行了一元和多元相关性分析,给出了拟合关系式及其相关系数;并利用电镜扫描及PCAS图像处理技术,从黄土微观结构角度对研究结果做了进一步分析。结果表明:黄土塬地基土的含水率、干密度、孔隙比、液限、黏聚力、内摩擦角、压缩系数均与标贯击数N有很好的线性相关性,地基土的湿陷系数与标贯击数N的线性相关性良好,可用N值对地基土的物理力学参数进行预测。研究成果可为西安黄土塬区岩土工程勘察提供参考。

Dual-band multi-beam reconfigurable terahertz antenna based on graphene frequency selective surface

In this paper,a dual-band graphene-based frequency selective surface(GFSS)is investigated and the operating mechanism of this GFSS is analyzed.By adjusting the bias voltage to control the graphene chemical po-tential between 0 eV and 0.5 eV,the GFSS can achieve four working states:dual-band passband,high-pass lowimpedance,low-pass high-impedance,and band-stop.Based on this GFSS,a hexagonal radome on a broadband omnidirectional monopole antenna is proposed,which can achieve independent 360°six-beam omnidirectional scanning at 1.08 THz and 1.58 THz dual bands.In addition,while increasing the directionality,the peak gains of the dual bands reach 7.44 dBi and 6.67 dBi,respectively.This work provides a simple method for realizing multi-band terahertz multi-beam reconfigurable antennas.

Licorice-saponin A3 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor for COVID-19 by targeting viral spike and anti-inflammation

Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016μM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.

一种多指标综合最优的抗冲击轨迹规划方法

为提高机械臂作业效率以及抗冲击能力,提出了一种综合最优轨迹规划方法。首先通过建立3-5-3多项式曲线数学模型构造出端点运动参数可控的关节运动轨迹;然后考虑关节位置、速度、加速度等约束条件,通过加权系数法定义目标函数,使机械臂的动作时间、冲击和灵巧度达到综合最优,在目标函数的设计中采用动态加权方法来处理关节速度与冲击之间的矛盾;最后,针对标准粒子群算法,利用拉丁超立方抽样函数均匀化种群,并提出随机惯性权重更新策略,得到改进粒子群算法,利用该算法对目标函数进行优化,得到综合最优运动轨迹。进行了仿真和样机实验,实验结果证明所提方法具有可行性。

结直肠癌患者术后医院感染影响因素及与按病种分值付费支付差额的中介效应

目的探讨结直肠癌患者术后医院感染的潜在影响因素及与按病种分值付费(DIP)支付差额间的中介效应关系。方法回顾性分析广州市某三级甲等肿瘤医院结直肠癌手术患者病历资料,按医院感染情况分为感染组和非感染组。采用秩和检验或卡方检验比较两组患者人口学基本信息和不同组别患者DIP支付差额的差异,采用logistic回归分析各潜在因素对医院感染发生的影响。采用bootstrap法进行中介分析,探讨医院感染和住院总日数对各因素对DIP支付差额影响的中介效应。结果共纳入350例患者,其中感染组50例,非感染组300例,医院感染发病率为14.29%。logistic回归分析结果显示,中心静脉置管日数≥10.00 d的患者发生医院感染风险是<10.00 d的13.558倍(P<0.001);导尿管插管≥3.00 d的患者发生医院感染风险是<3.00 d的2.388倍(P=0.022)。不同年龄、预后营养指数(PNI)、医院感染情况、住院总日数、手术时长、中心静脉置管日数、导尿管插管日数的患者DIP支付差额比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。中介分析结果显示,发生医院感染通过影响住院总日数引起DIP支付差额发生变化,住院总日数的中介效应值为0.038,中介效应占总效应的35.68%。结论医疗机构应重视结直肠癌手术患者因中心静脉置管和导尿管插管时间延长所导致的医院感染,减少患者住院总日数,从而降低DIP支付差额增加所致的住院费用超支。

Vitamin D and selenium for type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:Dosage and duration insights

This letter discusses the publication by Feng et al.Iodine,selenium,and vitamin D are closely associated with thyroid hormone production in humans;however,the efficacy of selenium and vitamin D supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)remains controversial.In the retrospective study we discuss herein,the authors highlighted significant improvements in thyroid function,thyroid antibodies,blood glucose,and blood lipid in T2DM patients with HT following addition of vitamin D and selenium to their antidiabetic regimens,underscoring the value of these supplements.Our team is currently engaged in research exploring the relationship between micronutrients and HT,and we have obtained invaluable insights from the aforementioned study.Based on this research and current literature,we recommend a regimen of 4000 IU/day of vitamin D and 100-200μg/day of selenium for over three months to six months for patients with HT,particularly for those with concurrent T2DM.

Global status and trends of metabolomics in diabetes: A literature visualization knowledge graph study

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which has increased the global medical burden and is also the main cause of death in most countries.AIM To understand the knowledge structure of global development status,research focus,and future trend of the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the past 20 years.METHODS The articles about the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved from 2002 to October 23,2023,and the relevant information was analyzed using CiteSpace6.2.2R(CiteSpace),VOSviewer6.1.18(VOSviewer),and Bibliometrix software under R language.RESULTS A total of 3123 publications were included from 2002 to 2022.In the past two decades,the number of publications and citations in this field has continued to increase.The United States,China,Germany,the United Kingdom,and other relevant funds,institutions,and authors have significantly contributed to this field.Scientific Reports and PLoS One are the journals with the most publications and the most citations.Through keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis,the closely related keywords are"insulin resistance","risk","obesity","oxidative stress","metabolomics","metabolites"and"biomarkers".Keyword clustering included cardiovascular disease,gut microbiota,metabonomics,diabetic nephropathy,molecular docking,gestational diabetes mellitus,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance.Burst detection analysis of keyword depicted that"Gene","microbiota","validation","kidney disease","antioxidant activity","untargeted metabolomics","management",and"accumulation"are knowledge frontiers in recent years.CONCLUSION The relationship between metabolomics and diabetes is receiving extensive attention.Diabetic nephropathy,diabetic cardiovascular disease,and kidney disease are key diseases for future research in this field.Gut microbiota,molecular docking,and untargeted metabolomics are key research directions in the future.Antioxidant activity,gene,validation,mass spectrometry,management,and accumulation are at the forefront of knowledge frontiers in this field.

Does type 1 diabetes serve as a protective factor against inflammatory bowel disease:A Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND The impact of type 1 diabetes(T1D)on inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)remains unclear.AIM To analyze the causal relationship between T1D and IBD using Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms were sourced from FinnGen for T1D,IBD,ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD).Inverse variance-weighted,MREgger,and weighted median tests were used to assess exposure-outcome causality.The MR-Egger intercept was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy.Cochran’s Q and leave-one-out method were used to analyze heterogeneity and sensitivity,respectively.RESULTS Our MR analysis indicated that T1D was associated with a reduced risk of IBD[odds ratio(OR):0.959;95%confidence interval(CI):0.938-0.980;P<0.001]and UC(OR:0.960;95%CI:0.929-0.992;P=0.015),with no significant association observed in terms of CD risk(OR:0.966;95%CI:0.913-1.022;P=0.227).The MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy(P>0.05).Cochran’s Q and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses showed that the results were not heterogeneous(P>0.05)and were robust.CONCLUSION This MR analysis suggests that T1D serves as a potential protective factor against IBD and UC but is independent of CD.

Efficacy and safety of Xileisan combined with mesalazine for ulcerative colitis:A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

BACKGROUND The benefits and risks of Xileisan(XLS)in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC)remain unclear.AIM The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of XLS and mesalazine when treating UC.METHODS We searched eight databases for clinical trials evaluating the combination of XLS and mesalazine in the treatment of UC,up to January 2024.Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis(TSA)were performed using Revman 5.3 and TSA 0.9.5.10 beta,respectively.RESULTS The present study included 13 clinical studies involving 990 patients,of which 501 patients received XLS combined with mesalazine while 489 patients received mesalazine alone.The meta-analysis showed that,in terms of efficacy,the combination of XLS and mesalazine significantly improved the clinical efficacy rate by 22%[risk ratio(RR)=1.22;95%CI:1.15–1.28;P<0.00001]and mucosal improvement rate by 25%(RR=1.25;95%CI:1.12–1.39;P=0.0001),while significantly reducing the duration of abdominal pain by 2.25 days[mean difference(MD)=-2.25;95%CI:-3.35 to-1.14;P<0.0001],diarrhea by 2.06 days(MD=-2.06;95%CI:-3.92 to-0.20;P=0.03),hematochezia by 2.32 days(MD=-2.32;95%CI:-4.02 to-0.62;P=0.008),tumor necrosis factor alpha by 16.25 ng/mL(MD=-16.25;95%CI:-20.48 to-12.01;P<0.00001),and interleukin-6 by 14.14 ng/mL(MD=-14.14;95%CI:-24.89 to-3.39;P=0.01).The TSA indicated conclusiveness in the meta-analysis of the efficacy endpoints.In terms of safety,the meta-analysis revealed that the combination of XLS and mesalazine did not increase the occurrence of total and gastrointestinal adverse events,abdominal distension,and erythema(P>0.05).The TSA showed non conclusive findings in the meta-analysis of the safety endpoints.Harbord’s test showed no publication bias(P=0.734).CONCLUSION Treatment with XLS alleviated the clinical symptoms,intestinal mucosal injury,and inflammatory response in patients with UC,while demonstrating good safety.

Effect of viral hepatitis on type 2 diabetes:A Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND The effects of viral hepatitis(VH)on type 2 diabetes(T2D)remain controversial.AIM To analyze the causal correlation between different types of VH and T2D using Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms of VH,chronic hepatitis B(CHB),chronic hepatitis C(CHC)and T2D were obtained from the BioBank Japan Project,European Bioinformatics Institute,and FinnGen.Inverse variance weighted,MREgger,and weighted median were used to test exposure-outcome associations.The MR-Egger intercept analysis and Cochran’s Q test were used to assess horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity,respectively.Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the robustness of the MR analysis results.RESULTS The MR analysis showed no significant causal relationship between VH and T2D in Europeans[odds ratio(OR)=1.028;95%confidence interval(CI):0.995-1.062,P=0.101].There was a negative causal association between CHB and T2D among East Asians(OR=0.949;95%CI:0.931-0.968,P<0.001),while there was no significant causal association between CHC and T2D among East Asians(OR=1.018;95%CI:0.959-1.081,P=0.551).Intercept analysis and Cochran’s Q test showed no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity(P>0.05).Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust.CONCLUSION Among East Asians,CHB is associated with a reduced T2D risk,but this association is limited by HBV load and cirrhosis.Although VH among Europeans and CHC among East Asians are not associated with the risk of T2D,focusing on blood glucose in patients with CHC is still relevant for the early detection of T2D induced by CHCmediated pathways of hepatic steatosis,liver fibrosis,and cirrhosis.

男性逆向代言化妆品广告的非语言符号运用特征探析

当今时代,广告大行其道。广告是传播重要信息内容的关键手段,其中逆向代言广告作为一种历经数十年发展的广告表现形式,在瞬息万变的化妆品广告市场依然保持着特殊的地位。广告是语言学中的艺术,许多大获成功的广告都建立在绝妙的语言运用基础上。基于此,文章通过梳理相关文献,深入挖掘近年来此类广告的相关案例,采用内容分析法,将男性代言的化妆品广告作为研究对象,分析这些广告非语言符号传播的内容、特点及效果。研究发现,此类广告的特殊之处在于以视觉类非语言符号为主,以听觉类非语言符号为辅。在此基础上,文章分析当前非语言符号在男性逆向代言化妆品广告中存在的问题,并提出相应的策略,旨在改善非语言符号在广告中的使用现状,为男性逆向代言化妆品广告的发展提供有益启示。

产业转型升级背景下河北省职业本科专业建设研究

职业本科教育承担着培养高层次技术技能人才的重要使命,对区域经济社会发展起到了重要作用。文章通过对河北省3所职业本科学校专业设置和产业发展分析发现,当前仍存在着新兴专业集群尚未形成、优势专业未能有效对接产业改造升级、紧缺领域专业布点不足、专业设置趋同现象严重等问题。因此在产业转型升级的背景下,河北省职业本科专业需要统筹规划布局,优化专业结构与产业转型升级相匹配,并且把握产业趋势、提前部署新兴专业。

一种动态环境下无人艇局部路径规划方法

文中针对避碰复杂性、策略各异性,以及避碰后复航等问题,综合考虑实时性和避碰代价等因素,提出了一种基于改进动态窗口的无人艇动态路径规划方法,在线求解避碰决策和路径规划问题.利用对抗网络构建轨迹障碍域模型,实现船舶航迹的时空建模.仿真实验模拟多种船舶冲突局面下的实时路径规划.结果表明:该方法能够有效地完成复杂交通环境下的无人艇动态避碰和复航.

提升乡村社区韧性的规划策略探讨——以北京市北沟村为例

随着我国城镇化进入后半程,乡村社区面临多重复杂的挑战与自身发展需求之间的矛盾,乡村社区系统独特的自适应性与自调节性相关“社区韧性”问题引发多方关注。在乡村规划中如何提升社区韧性尚需学界深入研究与探讨。以北京市北沟村规划实践为例,通过对乡村社区韧性的概念解析与既有文献研究,提出基于生态、经济、社会和文化4个维度分析乡村社区韧性特征与变化的思路,构建提升乡村社区韧性的规划策略框架。北沟村多年规划实践表明,在乡村规划中充分尊重乡村发展的基本规律,适度保持乡村社区的复杂性与多样性,能够有效地逐步修复和提升乡村社区的综合韧性,促进乡村可持续发展。

动态入流下风力机近尾迹气动噪声研究

基于自然风非定常性,结合某S翼型水平轴风力机实际运行条件拟合出3种动态入流函数,建立不同入流下的非稳态计算模型,研究动态入流对尾迹气动噪声和叶片压力脉动的影响。结果表明:各动态入流下各倍频声压级均高于恒定入流,大小规律表现为:扰动入流>渐变入流>阵风入流>恒定入流;动态入流对声压级的敏感性随倍频阶数增大而增强;沿轴向动态入流与恒定入流声压级差值逐渐增大;阵风入流、渐变入流和扰动入流的压力脉动峰值依次增大,这也是声压级产生相同大小规律的原因。通过分析入流情况对叶片声场分布和变化规律影响研究,对未来大型叶片噪声评估和降噪设计提供一定的理论和参考依据。

氟比洛芬酯在颅脑损伤患者镇痛治疗中的临床应用效果观察及安全性分析

目的:观察氟比洛芬酯用于颅脑损伤患者术后镇痛治疗的效果及安全性。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年5月在安庆市立医院神经外科收住的急性颅脑损伤术后患者60例,随机分为氟比洛芬酯组(氟比洛芬+芬太尼镇痛)及芬太尼组(芬太尼镇痛),镇痛目标CPOT评分≤3分。观察两组患者镇痛起效时间、48 h内芬太尼用量,以及镇痛治疗期间恶心呕吐、上消化道出血、心动过缓、低血压、呼吸抑制的发生次数。检测术前及术后24 h、48 h血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)和S100β蛋白水平。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、BMI、入院格拉斯哥评分(GCS)等一般资料无统计学差异。镇痛达到CPOT评分≤3分目标值,氟比洛芬酯组需要的时间较芬太尼组短(P<0.05);48h内氟比洛芬酯组患者使用芬太尼总量较芬太尼组减少(P<0.05);两组患者在术后恶心呕吐、上消化道出血、心动过缓及低血压等不良反应方面无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后24 h及48 h时间点,氟比洛芬酯组CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、NSE、S100β水平均较芬太尼组显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:氟比洛芬酯可减少颅脑损伤患者镇痛芬太尼用量,并具有抗炎减轻脑损伤效应,可有效、安全地应用于颅脑损伤患者镇痛管理。