Characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine constitution types among elderly individuals in China:A national multistage cluster random study Author links open overlay panel

Objective:To reveal the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among elderly individuals in China.Methods: Elderly individuals from seven regions in China were selected as samples in this study using a multistage cluster random sampling method.The basic information questionnaire and Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(Elderly Edition)were used.Descriptive statistical analysis,chi-squared tests,and binary logistic regression analysis were used.Results: The single balanced constitution(BC)accounted for 23.9%.The results of the major TCM constitution types showed that BC(43.2%)accounted for the largest proportion and unbalanced constitutions ranged from 0.9%to 15.7%.East China region(odds ratio[OR]=2.097;95%confidence interval[CI],1.912 to 2.301),married status(OR=1.341;95%CI,1.235 to 1.457),and managers(OR=1.254;95%CI,1.044 to 1.505)were significantly associated with BC.Age>70 years was associated with qi-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(BSC).Female sex was significantly associated with yang-deficiency constitution(OR=1.646;95%CI,1.52 to 1.782).Southwest region was significantly associated with phlegm-dampness constitution(OR=1.809;95%CI,1.569 to 2.086).North China region was significantly associated with inherited special constitution(OR=2.521;95%CI,1.569 to 4.05).South China region(OR=2.741;95%CI,1.997 to 1.3.763),Central China region(OR=8.889;95%CI,6.676 to 11.835),senior middle school education(OR=2.442;95%CI,1.932 to 3.088),and managers(OR=1.804;95%CI,1.21 to 2.69)were significantly associated with BSC.Conclusions: This study defined the distribution characteristics and demographic factors of TCM constitution in the elderly population.Adjusting and improving unbalanced constitutions,which are correlated with diseases,can help promote healthy aging through the scientific management of these demographic factors.

Anomalous metastable hcp Ni nanocatalyst induced by non-metal N doping enables promoted ammonia borane dehydrogenation

Developing high-performing non-noble transition metal catalysts for H_(2) evolution from chemical hydrogen storage materials is of great significance for the hydrogen economy system, yet challenging. Herein,we present for the first time that anomalous metastable hexagonal close-packed Ni nanoparticles induced by heteroatom N doping encapsulated in carbon(N-hcp-Ni/C) can exhibit admirable catalytic performance for ammonia borane(AB) dehydrogenation, prominently outperforming conventional fcc Ni counterpart with similar morphology and favorably presenting the state-of-the-art level.Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies unravel that unusual hcp phase engineering of Ni together with N doping could induce charge redistribution and modulate electronic structure, thereby facilitating H_(2)O adsorption and expediting H_(2)O dissociation(rate-determining step). As a result, AB dehydrogenation can be substantially boosted with the assistance of N-hcp-Ni/C. Our proposed strategy highlights that unconventional crystal phase engineering coupled with non-metal heteroatom doping is a promising avenue to construct advanced transition metal catalysts for future renewable energy technologies.

A new model of the L–H transition and H-mode power threshold

In order to understand the mechanism of the confinement bifurcation and H-mode power threshold in magnetically confined plasma,a new dynamical model of the L-H transition based on edge instability phase transition（EIPT） has been developed.With the typical plasma parameters of the EAST tokamak,the self-consistent turbulence growth rate is analyzed using the simplest case of pressure-driven ballooning-type instability,which indicates that the L-H transition can be caused by the stabilization of the edge instability through EIPT.The weak E？×？B flow shear in L-mode is able to increase the ion inertia of the electrostatic motion by increasing the radial wave number of the tilted turbulence structures,which play an important role for accelerating the trigger process of EIPT rather than directly to suppress the turbulent transport.With the acceleration mechanism of E？×？B flow shear,fast L-H and H-L transitions are demonstrated under the control of the input heating power.Due to the simplified scrape-offlayer boundary condition applied,the ratio between the heating powers at the H-L and L-H transition respectively differs from the ratio by Nusselt number.The results of the modeling reveal a scaling of the power threshold of the L-H transition,P_（L-H）？∝？n^（0.76） B^（0.8） for deuterium plasma.It is found finite Larmor radius induces an isotope effect of the H-mode power threshold.

CCL4在肿瘤微环境中影响免疫逃逸的研究进展

免疫治疗已成为当下恶性肿瘤治疗的基石。然而,不同患者对免疫治疗的反应具有较大异质性,并非都能从中获益。当下亟需寻找能高效预测免疫治疗疗效的生物标志物。C-C趋化因子配体4(C-C chemokine ligand4,CCL4)是一种细胞因子,隶属于炎症性CCL亚家族,主要由免疫细胞、肿瘤细胞分泌,在正常组织中不表达或者弱表达,在多种恶性肿瘤组织中异常高表达。CCL4与其受体C-C趋化因子受体5(C-C chemokine receptor type 5,CCR5)结合后可招募并介导免疫细胞迁移,破坏肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)的稳定性,参与致癌并促进肿瘤发展。在肿瘤免疫微环境中,CCL4可介导并募集单核细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞、T细胞等关键免疫细胞定向迁移,成为影响免疫治疗疗效的潜在重要元素,而具有特定的价值。本文就CCL4在TME中影响免疫逃逸的研究进展进行综述,以期为基础研究及临床诊疗提供线索和参考。

中国土壤水和饱和水汽压差对植被物候始期的影响

在全球变暖气候背景下,由于气温升高而导致的植被春季物候提前已经被熟知。气候变暖的同时加剧了土壤水分(Soil Moisture,SM)和饱和水汽压(Vapor Pressure Deficit,VPD)亏缺,二者作为植被生长必要的水分条件,对植被春季物候的影响尚不明晰。为此,研究基于日光诱导叶绿素荧光数据集通过多项式-导数法、双逻辑-曲率最大值法和Timesat法提取了2001-2018年以来中国植被春季光合物候始期(Start Of Season,SOS)的参数;其次,运用近地面气象驱动数据集和彭曼公式计算了研究期内的VPD值;最后,采用Teil-Sen Median趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验、敏感性分析法,阐明了SOS、VPD和SM的时空变化规律,揭示了春季SM和VPD对SOS的影响机制。结果表明:①SOS先随着纬度的上升逐渐推迟,在35°N以北开始平稳波动,平均SOS在第130 d;②中国春季SM和VPD呈大面积不显著干旱化趋势,土壤水以0.037 m^(3)(/m^(3)∙10 a)的速度干化,VPD以0.34 hPa/10 a的速度升高,SOS呈大面积不显著提前趋势,以5.1 d/10 a的速度提前;③干旱地区的SOS对春季SM和VPD的变化最敏感,并且随着春季SM梯度的降低,VPD对SOS的重要性逐渐增加,SM的重要性逐渐减少。研究对于理解和预测全球变暖背景下植被生长对水分条件变化的响应,以及对于制定应对气候变化的政策至关重要,可为我国生态环境建设提供科学依据。

“Glass-quake”in elastically loaded bulk metallic glasses

Amorphous solids exhibit scale-free avalanches,even under small external loading,and thus can work as suitable systems to study critical behavior and universality classes.The abundance of scale-free avalanches in the entire elastic tension regime of bulk metallic glass(BMG)samples has been experimentally observed using acoustic emission(AE)measurements.In this work,we compare the statistics of avalanches with those of earthquakes,and find that they both follow the Gutenberg–Richter law in the statistics of energies and Omori’s law of aftershock rates,and share the same characteristics in the distribution of recurrence times.These resemblances encourage us to propose the term“glass-quake”to describe avalanches in elastically loaded BMGs.Furthermore,our work echoes the potential universality of critical behavior in disordered physical systems from atomic to planetary scales,and motivates the use of elastic loaded BMGs as valuable laboratory simulators of seismic dynamics.

Analysis of Phenotypes Associated with Deficiency of PAX6 Haplotypes in Chinese Aniridia Families

Objective To examine the clinical phenotype and genetic deficiencies present in Chinese aniridia families with PAX6 haplotype deficiency.Methods A comprehensive questionnaire and ophthalmological assessments were administered to both affected patients and unaffected relatives.The clinical feature analysis included the evaluation of visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit-lamp anterior segment examination,fundus photography,and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.To identify the mutation responsible for aniridia,targeted next-generation sequencing was used as a beneficial technique.Results A total of 4 mutations were identified,consisting of two novel frameshift mutations(c.314delA,p.K105Sfs*33 and c.838_845dup AACACACC,p.S283Tfs*85),along with two recurring nonsense mutations(c.307C>T,p.R103X and c.619A>T,p.K207*).Complete iris absence,macular foveal hypoplasia,and nystagmus were consistent in these PAX6 haplotype-deficient Chinese aniridia families,while corneal lesions,cataracts,and glaucoma exhibited heterogeneity both among the families and within the same family.Conclusion In our study,two novel PAX6 mutations associated with aniridia were identified in Chinese families,which expanded the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of PAX6 mutations.We also analyzed the clinical characteristics of PAX6 haplotype deficiency in Chinese aniridia families.

Assessment of the three representative empirical models for zenith tropospheric delay(ZTD)using the CMONOC data

The precise correction of atmospheric zenith tropospheric delay(ZTD)is significant for the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)performance regarding positioning accuracy and convergence time.In the past decades,many empirical ZTD models based on whether the gridded or scattered ZTD products have been proposed and widely used in the GNSS positioning applications.But there is no comprehensive evaluation of these models for the whole China region,which features complicated topography and climate.In this study,we completely assess the typical empirical models,the IGGtropSH model(gridded,non-meteorology),the SHAtropE model(scattered,non-meteorology),and the GPT3 model(gridded,meteorology)using the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)network.In general,the results show that the three models share consistent performance with RMSE/bias of 37.45/1.63,37.13/2.20,and 38.27/1.34 mm for the GPT3,SHAtropE and IGGtropSH model,respectively.However,the models had a distinct performance regarding geographical distribution,elevation,seasonal variations,and daily variation.In the southeastern region of China,RMSE values are around 50 mm,which are much higher than that in the western region,approximately 20 mm.The SHAtropE model exhibits better performance for areas with large variations in elevation.The GPT3 model and the IGGtropSH model are more stable across different months,and the SHAtropE model based on the GNSS data exhibits superior performance across various UTC epochs.

Biochar alleviates apple replant disease by reducing the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and regulating microbial communities

Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether biochar could promote plant growth and alleviate apple replant disease by reducing the growth of harmful soil microorganisms,changing soil microbial community structure and improving the soil environment.This experiment included five treatments:apple replant soil(CK),methyl bromide fumigation apple replant soil(FM),replant soil with biochar addition(2%),replant soil with F.oxysporum spore solution(8×10^(7)spores·mL^(-1)),and replant soil with biochar and F.oxysporum spore solution addition.Seedling biomass,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots,and soil environmental variables were measured.Microbial community composition and community structure were analyzed using 16SrDNA and ITS2 gene sequencing.Biochar significantly reduced the abundance of F.oxysporum and increased soil microbial diversity and richness.Biochar also increased the soil enzyme activities(urease,invertase,neutral phosphatase,and catalase),the biomass(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight)and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase).The root indexes of apple seedlings was also increased in replant soil by biochar.In sum,biochar promoted the growth of plants,improved the replant soil environment,and alleviated apple replant disease.

Gas microchannel plate-pixel detector for X-ray polarimetry

POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization detector.We have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during operation.The detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28%±0.64% is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96%±0.58% at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.

Initial measurement of ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak

Ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy(UF-CXRS)has been developed on the EAST tokamak(Yingying Li et al 2019 Fusion Eng.Des.146522)to measure fast evolutions of ion temperature and toroidal velocity.Here,we report the preliminary diagnostic measurements after relative sensitivity calibration.The measurement results show a much higher temporal resolution compared with conventional CXRS,benefiting from the usage of a prismcoupled,high-dispersion volume-phase holographic transmission grating and a high quantum efficiency,high-gain detector array.Utilizing the UF-CXRS diagnostic,the fast evolutions of the ion temperature and rotation velocity during a set of high-frequency small-amplitude edgelocalized modes(ELMs)are obtained on the EAST tokamak,which are then compared with the case of large-amplitude ELMs.

西南典型喀斯特地区石漠化时空演变特征--以贵州省普定县为例

为揭示我国西南典型喀斯特地区石漠化时空演变特征,选取贵州省普定县为研究对象,基于Landsat、DEM等影像数据,提取了坡度和4期植被覆盖度、岩石裸露率分布图,并利用地理探测器获得各自的贡献率,反演了1990—2015年4期石漠化空间分布信息,进而讨论了石漠化时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)在1990—2015年间,普定县石漠化演变复杂,经历了由好转到恶化再到好转的阶段,总体趋势在好转,局部恶化,石漠化治理仍需加大力度;(2)中度以上石漠化集中分布在三岔河沿岸附近,轻度以下石漠化则分布较散乱;(3)潜在和轻度石漠化演变方向复杂,潜在石漠化平均变化速率最大(2.75 km2/a),在1997—2006年间更是达到了16.5 km2/a;(4)植被覆盖度与岩石裸露率的变化主要呈负相关,前者的增加主导了石漠化的好转,而后者的增加则控制了石漠化的恶化;(5)石漠化演变存在突变,在三岔河沿岸附近,存在无/潜在石漠化突变为重度以上石漠化的现象;在靠近城乡居民地附近,存在重度以上石漠化突变为无/潜在石漠化的现象;(6)植被覆盖度、岩石裸露率、坡度能较准确反演石漠化,贡献率分别为44%、42%、14%。本文提供的石漠化反演方法快速高效,制作的图件、数据为同行提供了参考,得出的结论为石漠化治理提供了科学支撑。

西南喀斯特地区石漠化时空演变过程分析

喀斯特地区石漠化对当地社会经济的可持续发展有严重的阻碍作用,因此,研究喀斯特石漠化时空特征及演变规律,对石漠化治理有着重要的意义。以西南八省为研究区,利用归一化差分植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation,NDVI)、净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)、地表反照率(Surface Albedo)和坡度(Slope)数据,借助ArcGIS等软件平台,分析石漠化在不同的坡度、土地利用和生态保护区内的变化。结果显示:(1)轻度和中度石漠化是西南主要的石漠化类型。从空间分布来看,石漠化发生分布面积最广的是贵州,其次为云南和广西。(2)从不同土地利用来看,2000—2015年间无石漠化面积最多,潜在石漠化次之。石漠化主要发生在耕地和林地两种土地类型上,其他用地上石漠化发生面积最少,但是极重度石漠化在其他用地上的发生比例很大,平均在11%左右。(3)从不同坡度来看,石漠化严重程度不随坡度的增加而加剧,在坡度6°—25°之间石漠化发生面积最大。(4)从生态保护区来看,2000和2015年西南喀斯特生态保护区是石漠化面积分布最多的区域,分别为27481.86 km^(2)和21738.65 km^(2)。最少的是大别山山地生态功能保护区,从变化量来看,增加最多的是三峡库区,增加1641.22 km^(2),减少最多的是西南喀斯特生态功能保护区,减少5743.22 km^(2)。(5)利用NPP、NDVI、地表反照率和坡度能较精准的反演石漠化,其反演权重依次为0.33、0.42、0.15和0.1。研究时段内,西南生态环境逐渐得到改善。

气候变化及生态恢复对喀斯特槽谷碳酸盐岩风化碳汇的影响评估

评估气候变化及生态恢复对碳酸盐岩风化碳汇(CS)的复合影响机制是当前喀斯特生态系统碳循环及气候变化研究领域的一个重要任务。基于碳酸盐岩热力学溶蚀模型估算了1992-2017年中国西南喀斯特槽谷碳酸盐岩风化碳汇通量(CSF),利用Lindeman-Merenda-Gold模型定量评估了气候及生态恢复因子对槽谷CSF的相对贡献率。研究结果表明:(1)槽谷整体年均温及年降雨量均处于持续升高的趋势,增速分别为0.06℃/a及12 mm/a,进入21世纪之后,增速均有一定程度的放缓,年蒸散发在21世纪以前为增加的状态,2000年以后整体表现为减少的趋势;(2)槽谷植被覆盖度增加速率为0.004/a,其增加区域的面积占比达到了95.07%,槽谷生态系统恢复效果显著;(3)槽谷的年均CSF约为9.42 t C km-2 a-1,研究期间处于增加的状态,其年均增长速率约为0.2 t C km-2 a-1,CSF增加区域的面积占比约为89.28%;(4)槽谷CSF受到气候因素(降雨、蒸散发、温度)及生态恢复2方面的影响,其中降雨、温度及生态恢复反馈因子FVC与CSF呈正相关关系,ET与CSF呈负相关关系,降雨对于研究区CSF的贡献率最大,达到了70.36%;(5)本研究揭示了气候变化及生态恢复对岩石风化过程的复合影响机制。

喀斯特槽谷区土壤侵蚀时空演变及未来情景模拟

以中国南方喀斯特槽谷区为研究对象,基于改进的喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀算法,定量分析了槽谷区土壤侵蚀时空演变特征,并利用CA-Markov模型对土壤侵蚀状况的未来情景进行预测。结果表明:(1)喀斯特槽谷区2000-2015年土壤侵蚀总量由61.86×107 t/a减少至2.97×107 t/a,区域年平均侵蚀模数由21.61 t hm-2 a-1降低至1.04 t hm-2 a-1,轻度及轻度以下侵蚀等级的面积增加了76.13×105 hm2,重度及重度以上侵蚀面积减少了46.90×105 hm2,侵蚀状况明显减轻;(2)不同地貌类型之间的土壤侵蚀状况存在一定差异,平原地区侵蚀模数最小,盆地地区侵蚀模数最大,达到平原地区侵蚀模数的近4倍;(3) 2000-2015年间,槽谷区轻度及轻度以上侵蚀等级都逐渐向微度侵蚀等级转移,土壤侵蚀等级由高等级向低等级转移率达到了98%以上,总体呈现出好转的趋势;(4)基于CA-Markov模型模拟槽谷区2020年土壤侵蚀等级的未来演变趋势,其总体Kappa系数达到了0.9788,一致性最佳;(5)到2020年,槽谷区土壤侵蚀等级基本为微度和轻度侵蚀,土壤侵蚀状况将进一步改善。本研究的结果可为喀斯特槽谷区当前土壤侵蚀治理成效的评价以及未来的防治提供理论和数据方面的参考。

基于多次重复博弈的突发公共事件网络舆情演化机理与协同治理

【目的/意义】从参与主体多次博弈角度揭示突发公共事件网络舆情演化机理及治理机制,有助于缩减治理周期和成本,但现有研究对此涉及较少。【设计/方法】首先构建了网络媒体与政府部门的第一次博弈模型,并分析了纳什均衡解及其影响因素;其次,通过考虑主体行为策略的可重复性,将该模型扩展为多次重复博弈模型,并探讨了主体在各次博弈下实现协同合作的条件;最后,以2018年长春长生生物疫苗造假事件引发的网络舆情为例,验证了理论研究的有效性,并考查了舆情传播热度和网媒遭受到的潜在惩罚对博弈均衡的影响。【结论/发现】当网络媒体所获收益的贴现因子不超过某一阈值时,易促进博弈双方长期协同合作;舆情传播热度越小或网媒所受潜在惩罚的力度越大,对长期协同合作的促进作用越显著。

喀斯特山区农村居民点空间分布特征及其影响因素

为揭示喀斯特山区农村居民点的空间分布特征及影响因素,以贵州省为例,基于高精度遥感数据,利用景观指数、平均最近邻、核密度等方法,探究喀斯特山区农村居民点整体和斑块的规模、形态和密度空间分布特征,并分析了地形、区位以及社会经济因素对农村居民点空间分布的影响。结果表明:(1)从整体看,贵州省农村居民点属于集聚型分布模式,其规模、形状、密度由北到南分别呈现出低高中、高低中、高中低分布模式;(2)从斑块尺度看,贵州省农村居民点的规模整体大,大规模居民点有1204.06 km^(2),占全省居民点总面积的35.63%;斑块形态整体规则,规则形状居民点的面积有1555.83 km^(2),占全省居民点面积的46.04%;密度分布整体密集,总体密度约为13.8个/km^(2)。(3)农村居民点的规模、形态和密度受地形、区位和社会经济因素的综合影响。地形因素中,高程对密度的影响最大,坡度对形态和密度的影响最大,而规模则主要受地形起伏的影响;区位因素中,交通对密度的影响最大,城镇和水域对三者的影响均较大;社会经济因素中,人口、民族、经济主要对规模和形态产生影响,而政策因素则对三者均产生影响。

典型喀斯特地区石漠化景观格局对土地利用变化的响应

土地利用是人类活动最基本的表现形式,探讨石漠化与土地利用变化之间的响应关系,对于石漠化治理和区域的可持续发展是非常重要的。基于贵州道真县2005年、2015年LANDSAT和石漠化数据,再利用ENVI 5.3进行监督分类,将道真县土地利用分为8种类型。通过景观格局空间分析技术和3S技术,对道真县土地利用时空演变和石漠化景观格局进行综合分析,结果表明:(1) 2005—2015年间,道真县建设用地和灌木林地面积增加,大部分灌木林地由水田和旱地转化而来,其面积增加了7.51%,建设用地增加了1.30%。(2)近10年间,研究区石漠化等级间的转移表现为轻、中、重度转化为潜在石漠化,其斑块转移面积分别为11.26、38.79、2.71 km2,表明研究区石漠化景观得到了恢复,低等级石漠化斑块面积增加,降低了原有高等级石漠化斑块的优势度。(3) 2005—2015年间道真县土地利用和石漠化景观格局,多样性指数分别下降了0.6434和2.4309,均匀度指数各减少了0.0552和0.5436,分维度指数各提高了0.0061和0.0801,蔓延度指数各增加0.1751、25.5396和聚合度指数分别增加1.8688和2.9112,景观形状指数分别减少0.9812和4.536,石漠化景观格局的变化对应土地利用景观格局指数的变化,随着人们土地利用方式的改变,石漠化也发生相应的改变。通过该研究的进行,有助于提高人们对石漠化和土地利用景观格局的认识,基于景观生态学背景对石漠化治理成效进行评估,为之后的石漠化治理工作的进行及研究提供了参考。

铜仁市万山喀斯特地区石漠化演变及其对土地利用变化的响应

为了解万山典型喀斯特地区石漠化演变与土地利用变化的相关性,采用监督分类方法解译2000、2010年和2015年万山区土地利用现状图,与构建的岩性及同期石漠化叠加分析,探明每种岩性土地利用分布特征和每种土地利用类型石漠化发生百分比,以此揭示各土地利用类型对石漠化影响的程度。结果表明:从岩性空间上看,林地(有林地、灌木林地)在非碳酸盐岩组合上分布面积最广,其中林地面积最多为142.89 km2,在灰岩与白云岩混分布最少,面积最少为13.37 km2;2005-2010年的石漠化在灰岩与白云岩混上变化最大,变化速率为-1.87 km2·a-1,其中,在灰岩与白云岩混上发育的轻度、中度石漠化比例最高,白云岩夹碎屑岩上发育的重度石漠化比例最高,整体上来说石漠化更容易在碳酸盐岩(灰岩与白云岩混、白云岩夹碎屑岩)上产生。根据典型石漠化的分级情况和各地类石漠化分布的占比得出,研究区发生石漠化的土地类型主要为旱地和林地(有林地、灌木林地),这两类土地类型对石漠化的贡献和响应最大,两地类石漠化发生比例最高分别为20.87%和4.32%,而旱地主要以发生轻度石漠化为主,且发生机率高达93.61%。研究结果为研究区内石漠化发生区域的定位和治理提供了科学参考。

高分辨率长时间序列的中国岩石化学风化碳汇数据及其变化趋势

中国岩石化学风化碳汇(RCS)在碳循环中极其重要,然而,中国2000—2020年RCS的时空格局和演变趋势尚未得到系统量化。本研究依据水文气象数据和RCS计算模型,对中国RCS的量级和时空格局进行了系统量化研究。结果表明,中国RCS通量(RCSF)和年均总量(FRCS)分别为3.46t/(km^(2)·a)和17.32Tg/a,并随纬度的升高而逐渐降低,主要集中在西南八省和胡焕庸线以南。其中,贵州省的RCSF[11.79t/(km^(2)·a)]远高于其他省份,但总量却低于广西壮族自治区(0.21Tg/a),而北京市和上海市的碳汇比重不足1%。中国RCS在研究期间整体处于波动式增加状态,增长速率为2.76kg/km^(2),至2020年,RCSF和FRCS分别增加了0.31t/(km^(2)·a)和2.11Tg/a。本文构建了一套中国高分辨率RCS数据集,可为中国碳中和目标的实现提供数据支撑。