The present study provides detailed experimental results on the synthesis and characterization of carbonized lithium titanate spinel（LTO） composites as electrode materials for lithium ion capacitor.The LTO particles...The present study provides detailed experimental results on the synthesis and characterization of carbonized lithium titanate spinel（LTO） composites as electrode materials for lithium ion capacitor.The LTO particles were grafted with a porous carbon layer obtained from the pyrolysis of camphor.The graphitic nature of the carbon was confirmed through Raman spectroscopy.The relative contributions from the capacitive and diffusion controlled processes underlying these electrodes were mathematically modeled.Electron transport mechanism underlying these electrodes was determined by measuring the work functions（φ） of LTO and carbon grafted LTO using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy.These carbon grafted LTO composites exhibited an energy density of 330 m Wh L-1and a peak power density of 2.8 k W L-1,when employed as electrodes in coin cells with excellent cycling stability at the end of 4000 cycles.展开更多
Energy conversion technologies like fuel cells and metal-air batteries require oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with low cost and high catalytic activity.Herein,N-doped carbon spheres(N-CS)with rich micr...Energy conversion technologies like fuel cells and metal-air batteries require oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with low cost and high catalytic activity.Herein,N-doped carbon spheres(N-CS)with rich micropore structure have been synthesized by a facile two-step method,which includes the polymerization of pyrrole and formaldehyde and followed by a facile pyrolysis process.During the preparation,zinc chloride(ZnCl2)was utilized as a catalyst to promote polymerization and provide a hypersaline environment.In addition,the morphology,defect content and activity area of the resultant N-CS catalysts could be regulated by controlling the content of ZnCl2.The optimum N-CS-1 catalyst demonstrated much better catalytic activity and durability towards ORR in alkaline conditions than commercial 20 wt%Pt/C catalysts,of which the half-wave potential reached 0.844 V vs.RHE.When applied in the Zn-air batteries as cathode catalysts,N-CS-1 showed a maximum power density of 175 mW cm^(-2) and long-term discharging stability of over 150 h at 10 mA cm^(-2),which outperformed 20 wt%Pt/C.The excellent performance could be due to its ultrahigh specific surface area of 1757 m2 g1 and rich micropore channels structure.Meanwhile,this work provides an efficient method to synthesize an ultrahigh surface porous carbon material,especially for catalyst application.展开更多
基金Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO),Government of India is gratefully acknowledged for their financial support
文摘The present study provides detailed experimental results on the synthesis and characterization of carbonized lithium titanate spinel（LTO） composites as electrode materials for lithium ion capacitor.The LTO particles were grafted with a porous carbon layer obtained from the pyrolysis of camphor.The graphitic nature of the carbon was confirmed through Raman spectroscopy.The relative contributions from the capacitive and diffusion controlled processes underlying these electrodes were mathematically modeled.Electron transport mechanism underlying these electrodes was determined by measuring the work functions（φ） of LTO and carbon grafted LTO using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy.These carbon grafted LTO composites exhibited an energy density of 330 m Wh L-1and a peak power density of 2.8 k W L-1,when employed as electrodes in coin cells with excellent cycling stability at the end of 4000 cycles.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB0104000 and No. 2019YFA0210300)National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.21571189 and No.21671200)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200991)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project of China (No. 2019GK2033, No. 2017TP1001, CPS2019K06 and No. 2018RS3009)Postdoctoral International Exchange Program Funding of China (No. [2018]115)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M652802)
文摘Energy conversion technologies like fuel cells and metal-air batteries require oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with low cost and high catalytic activity.Herein,N-doped carbon spheres(N-CS)with rich micropore structure have been synthesized by a facile two-step method,which includes the polymerization of pyrrole and formaldehyde and followed by a facile pyrolysis process.During the preparation,zinc chloride(ZnCl2)was utilized as a catalyst to promote polymerization and provide a hypersaline environment.In addition,the morphology,defect content and activity area of the resultant N-CS catalysts could be regulated by controlling the content of ZnCl2.The optimum N-CS-1 catalyst demonstrated much better catalytic activity and durability towards ORR in alkaline conditions than commercial 20 wt%Pt/C catalysts,of which the half-wave potential reached 0.844 V vs.RHE.When applied in the Zn-air batteries as cathode catalysts,N-CS-1 showed a maximum power density of 175 mW cm^(-2) and long-term discharging stability of over 150 h at 10 mA cm^(-2),which outperformed 20 wt%Pt/C.The excellent performance could be due to its ultrahigh specific surface area of 1757 m2 g1 and rich micropore channels structure.Meanwhile,this work provides an efficient method to synthesize an ultrahigh surface porous carbon material,especially for catalyst application.
