The gallbladder(GB)is a susceptible organ,prone to various pathologies that can be identified using different imaging techniques.Transabdominal ultrasound(TUS)is typically the initial diagnostic method due to its nume...The gallbladder(GB)is a susceptible organ,prone to various pathologies that can be identified using different imaging techniques.Transabdominal ultrasound(TUS)is typically the initial diagnostic method due to its numerous well-established advantages.However,in cases of uncertainty or when a definitive diagnosis cannot be established,computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging may be employed to provide more detailed information.Nevertheless,CT scans may sometimes offer inadequate spatial resolution,which can limit the differentiation of GB lesions,particularly when smaller yet clinically relevant abnormalities are involved.Conversely,endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)provides higher frequency compared to TUS,superior spatial resolution,and the option for contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging,enabling a more comprehensive examination.Thus,EUS can serve as a supplementary tool when conventional imaging methods are insufficient.This review will describe the standard EUS examination of the GB,focusing on its endosonographic characteristics in various GB path-ologies.展开更多
Cystic pancreatic lesions involve a wide variety of pathological entities that include neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.The proper diagnosis,differentiation,and staging of these cystic lesions are considered a cr...Cystic pancreatic lesions involve a wide variety of pathological entities that include neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.The proper diagnosis,differentiation,and staging of these cystic lesions are considered a crucial issue in planning further management.There are great challenges for their diagnostic models.In our time,new emerging methods for this diagnosis have been discovered.Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology with chemical and molecular analysis of cyst fluid and EUS-guided fine needlebased confocal laser endomicroscopy,through the needle microforceps biopsy,and single-operator cho-langioscopy/pancreatoscopy are promising methods that have been used in the diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions.Hereby we discuss the diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions and the benefits of various diagnostic models.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common primary malignancy worldwide,and the third most common cause of death among cancers worldwide.HCC occurs in several pre-existing conditions,including hepatitis C,h...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common primary malignancy worldwide,and the third most common cause of death among cancers worldwide.HCC occurs in several pre-existing conditions,including hepatitis C,hepatitis B virus,and non-alcoholic cirrhosis.Egypt used to be the country with the heaviest hepatitis C virus(HCV)burden.The relationship between HCV and HCC is an important research area.In Egypt,HCC is a significant public health problem.A possible cause for the increasing rates of detection of HCC in Egypt is the mass screening program that was carried by the government for detecting and treating HCV.A multidisciplinary approach is now widely applied to HCC management in health centers all over Egypt.Different treatment modalities are available in Egypt,with success rates comparable to global rates.The Egyptian health authorities have made the elimination of HCV from Egypt a special priority,and this approach should lead to a decrease in number of HCC cases in the near future.In this article we review the current situation of HCC in Egypt,including epidemiological aspects,relevant risk factors for HCC development,strategies,and efforts established by health authorities for the screening and prevention of both HCV and HCC in Egypt.We highlight the different modalities for HCC treatment.展开更多
文摘The gallbladder(GB)is a susceptible organ,prone to various pathologies that can be identified using different imaging techniques.Transabdominal ultrasound(TUS)is typically the initial diagnostic method due to its numerous well-established advantages.However,in cases of uncertainty or when a definitive diagnosis cannot be established,computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging may be employed to provide more detailed information.Nevertheless,CT scans may sometimes offer inadequate spatial resolution,which can limit the differentiation of GB lesions,particularly when smaller yet clinically relevant abnormalities are involved.Conversely,endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)provides higher frequency compared to TUS,superior spatial resolution,and the option for contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging,enabling a more comprehensive examination.Thus,EUS can serve as a supplementary tool when conventional imaging methods are insufficient.This review will describe the standard EUS examination of the GB,focusing on its endosonographic characteristics in various GB path-ologies.
文摘Cystic pancreatic lesions involve a wide variety of pathological entities that include neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.The proper diagnosis,differentiation,and staging of these cystic lesions are considered a crucial issue in planning further management.There are great challenges for their diagnostic models.In our time,new emerging methods for this diagnosis have been discovered.Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology with chemical and molecular analysis of cyst fluid and EUS-guided fine needlebased confocal laser endomicroscopy,through the needle microforceps biopsy,and single-operator cho-langioscopy/pancreatoscopy are promising methods that have been used in the diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions.Hereby we discuss the diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions and the benefits of various diagnostic models.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common primary malignancy worldwide,and the third most common cause of death among cancers worldwide.HCC occurs in several pre-existing conditions,including hepatitis C,hepatitis B virus,and non-alcoholic cirrhosis.Egypt used to be the country with the heaviest hepatitis C virus(HCV)burden.The relationship between HCV and HCC is an important research area.In Egypt,HCC is a significant public health problem.A possible cause for the increasing rates of detection of HCC in Egypt is the mass screening program that was carried by the government for detecting and treating HCV.A multidisciplinary approach is now widely applied to HCC management in health centers all over Egypt.Different treatment modalities are available in Egypt,with success rates comparable to global rates.The Egyptian health authorities have made the elimination of HCV from Egypt a special priority,and this approach should lead to a decrease in number of HCC cases in the near future.In this article we review the current situation of HCC in Egypt,including epidemiological aspects,relevant risk factors for HCC development,strategies,and efforts established by health authorities for the screening and prevention of both HCV and HCC in Egypt.We highlight the different modalities for HCC treatment.
