Dc GA20ox2 and DcGA2ox1 alter endogenous gibberellin contents and adjust lignin accumulation in carrot

Gibberellins(GAs)are a class of plant hormones that can affect plant growth and development.GA-oxidases are rate-limiting enzymes,which play a direct role in GA accumulation in plants.However,the roles of GA-oxidase on carrot(Daucus carota L.)taproot development are still unclear.In this study,two GA-oxidase genes,DcGA20ox2 and DcGA2ox1,were identified in carrot.Transgenic carrot plants were obtained by using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method.The results showed that overexpression of DcGA20ox2 significantly promoted the accumulation of active GAs in carrot,increased plant height,generated more branches,and enhanced xylem development.Overexpression of DcGA2ox1 significantly reduced the total contents of active GAs compared with the control group,resulting in a dwarf phenotype and markedly increased lignin content of the transgenic carrot.The expression profiling showed that the genes of GA metabolic pathway responded to the negative feedback regulation mechanism.At the same time,the expression of most genes in lignin biosynthesis and polymerization process was up-regulated,corresponding to the massive accumulation of lignin.These findings indicated that DcGA20ox2 and DcGA2ox1affected carrot growth and development by regulating the levels of endogenous GAs.The results from current work might shed light on further studies aimed to regulate lignification in carrot and other crops.

截肢学生心理危机干预案例

截肢作为一种重大的身体创伤,不仅给患者的生理功能带来极大影响,更常常伴随着严重的心理问题。特别是对于在校学生而言,截肢可能导致他们面临自我认同的危机、社交障碍以及学业压力等多重挑战。因此,针对截肢学生的心理危机进行及时有效的干预显得尤为重要。本文旨在通过一例具体案例,探讨心理危机干预在截肢学生康复过程中的作用与效果,以期为相关领域的研究与实践提供参考。

Help from space:grant-free massive access for satellite-based IoT in the 6G era

The Sixth-Generation(6G)standard for wireless communications is expected to realize ubiquitous coverage for massive Internet of Things(IoT)networks by 2030.Satellite-based communications are recognized as a highly promising technical enabler to satisfy IoT service requirements in the 6G era.This study analyzes multiple access technologies,which are essential for the effective deployment of satellite-based IoT.First,we thoroughly investigate the existing research related to massive access,including information-theory considerations as well as Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)and Random Access(RA)technologies.Then,we explore the influence of the satellite transmission environment on multiple access technologies.Based on this study,a Non-orthogonal Massive Grant-Free Access(NoMaGFA)scheme,which reaps the joint benefits of RA and NOMA,is proposed for asynchronous transmissions in satellite-based IoT to achieve improved system throughput and enhance the system robustness under varying traffics.Finally,we identify some important and interesting future developments for satellite-based IoT,including waveform design,transceiver design,resource allocation,and artificial intelligence-enhanced design.

Genome-wide evolution of MAPKs family and their expression in response to bacterial infection in seahorse Hippocampus erectus

Seahorses have evolved many unique biological traits,including a male brood pouch,the absence of caudal and pelvic fins,and the lack of spleen and gut-associated lymphatic tissue.The mitogenactivated protein kinases(MAPKs)are known to be involved in various important biological processes including growth,differentiation,immunity,and stress responses.Therefore,we hypothesized that the adaptive evolution and expression of the MAPK gene family in seahorse may differ from those of other teleost species.We identified positive selection sites in the erk2,erk5,jnk1,and p38αMAPK genes of the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus and tiger-tailed seahorse Hippocampus comes.A novel expression profile of MAPK cascade genes was found in seahorse larvae during the first day after birth based on the RNA-seq data of H.erectus,which refl ected vital signs of immune response to its parental immune system.The expression patterns of the four positively selected MAPK genes were analyzed following the bacterial challenge of Vibrio fortis,revealing their upregulation pattern in brood pouch and other immune tissues.This study enriched our knowledge of the evolution of the H.erectus MAPK subfamilies,and could help better understanding the functional role of MAPKs in teleosts.

Manipulating Spin Polarization of Defected Co_(3)O_(4)for Highly Effi cient Electrocatalysis

Electrocatalytic water splitting is limited by kinetics-sluggish oxygen evolution,in which the activity of catalysts depends on their electronic structure.However,the infl uence of electron spin polarization on catalytic activity is ambiguous.Herein,we successfully regulate the spin polarization of Co_(3)O_(4)catalysts by tuning the concentration of cobalt defects from 0.8 to 14.5%.X-ray absorption spectroscopy spectra and density functional theory calculations confi rm that the spin polarization of Co_(3)O_(4)is positively correlated with the concentration of cobalt defects.Importantly,the enhanced spin polarization can increase hydroxyl group absorption to signifi cantly decrease the Gibbs free energy change value of the OER rate-determining step and regulate the spin polarization of oxygen species through a spin electron-exchange process to easily produce triplet-state O_(2),which can obviously increase electrocatalytic OER activity.In specifi c,Co_(3)O_(4)-50 with 14.5%cobalt defects exhibits the highest spin polarization and shows the best normalized OER activity.This work provides an important strategy to increase the water splitting activity of electrocatalysts via the rational regulation of electron spin polarization.

Metal-oxoacid-mediated oxyhydroxide with proton acceptor to break adsorption energy scaling relation for efficient oxygen evolution

Metal oxyhydroxides(MOOH)generated from irreversible reconstructions of transition metal compounds are intrinsic active species for oxygen evolution reaction,whose activities are still constrained by sluggish deprotonation kinetics and inherent adsorption energy scaling relations.Herein,we construct a tunable proton acceptor(TPA)on oxyhydroxides by in-situ reconstruction of metal oxoacids such as NiC2O4to accelerate deprotonation and break adsorption energy scaling relations during OER.The modified C_(2)O_(4)^(2-)as a TPA can easily extract H of*OH(forming*HC2O4intermediate)and then promote deprotonation by the transmitted hydrogen bond with*OOH along conjugated(H...)O=C-O(-H)chain.As a result,Ni OOH-C2O4shows non-concerted proton-electron transfer and improved deprotonation rate,and delivers a good OER activity(270 mV@10 mA cm-2).The conjugate acidity coefficient(pKa)of the modified oxoacid group can be a descriptor for TPA selection.This TPA strategy can be universally applied to Co-,Fe-,and Ni-based oxyhydroxides to facilitate OER efficiency.

Low-temperature synthesis of ultrasmall spinel MnxCo3-xO4 nanoparticles for efficient oxygen reduction

Spinel-type manganese-cobalt oxides have been regarded as important class of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).However,they are usually synthesized through oxidation-precipitation under aqueous ammonia and then crystallization at high temperature(150–180℃),which not only increases the energy consumption but also induces the growth of particles that is unfavorable for ORR.Herein,through a facile precipitation-dehydration method,ultrasmall spinel manganese-cobalt oxide nanoparticles(~5 nm)homogeneously dispersed on conductive carbon black(MnxCo3-xO4/C)were fabricated at low temperature(60℃).And the bimetallic composite oxide(Mn1.5Co1.5O4/C)with cubic spinel structure and high Mn content exhibits remarkable enhancement of ORR activity and stability compared with single metal oxide(both Mn3O4/C and Co3O4/C).The essential reason for the enhancement of activity can be attributed to the presence of the mixed Mn^3+ and Mn^4+ cations in Mn1.5Co1.5O4/C.Moreover,the ORR activity of Mn1.5Co1.5O4/C is comparable to that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C,and the relative current density only decreases 1.4% after 12 h test,exceeding that of Pt/C and most reported manganese-cobalt oxide electrocatalysts.

Development of Zigbee Wireless Temperature Monitoring Software System

This paper presents a development process of software with Graphic User Interface (GUI) for monitoring temperature in a Zigbee Wireless Network. The software framework design was introduced and analyzed in detail. In this paper, we wrote the software with C++ codes in Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) programming of Visual C++ 6.0, which applied in wireless communication algorithms. Software test results show that temperature of Zibee network was real-time displayed by both text and curve, which achieved wireless temperature monitoring to Zigbee network.

A Smart Home System Design Based on GSM

This paper introduces a mobile phone short message control method in smart home based on GSM (Global System for Mobile communications). AT commands and the system structure is illustrated in detail. The hardware system including STC89C51 and TC35i is presented. The software framework is also analyzed clearly in this paper. In addition, some other potential application areas and its direction of development in future are given at last.

Development of Wireless Light Control System Based on Zigbee

This paper presents a solution to wireless light control system based on Zigbee. Overall design framework of the system was introduced and analyzed in detail, which contained realization of hardware design. The Zigbee wireless light control system was established based on CC2430-chip of Texas Instruments (TI). In this paper, we achieved designing Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for sensor nodes as end device and coordinator in Protel DXP 2004 and also wrote C codes in IAR embedded workbench development tool to form wireless network. Test results of system show that lights on end device or router in Zigbee wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be controlled by another switch on coordinator, which achieved remotely wireless intelligence light control.

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives containing a hydrazone substructure as potential agrochemicals

Agricultural chemicals with multifunctional applications in crop protection have attracted increasing attention.Herein,two new series of thiazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives containing a hydrazone substructure were designed and synthesized via a concise synthesis route.Bioassay results showed that most of the thiazole derivatives exhibited broad-spectrum fungistatic activities,which were exemplified by compounds 1c,1e,1g,1h and 1j.In particular,compound 1e displayed excellent in vitro inhibitory effects with the EC50 values of 5.00,18.24,6.94,and 3.03μg/mL against the fungi Botrytis cinerea,Cytospora sp,Fusarium graminearum,and Fusarium solani,respectively.Detached fruit experiments against tomato gray mold(caused by B.cinerea)in vivo revealed that the control efficiency of compound 1e at 10,20 and 40μg/mL for 5 days was 35.05%,54.14%and 81.83%,respectively,which was comparable and even superior to that of the fungicide carbendazim.Additionally,the title compounds also showed remarkable larvicidal activity against M.separata and some compounds exhibited good aphicidal activity.In a word,the bioassay indicated that a certain number of title compounds had multiple biological activities.Given their excellent antifungal and larvicidal characteristics,these interesting derivatives based on the title compounds could be served as new scaffolds for the development of pesticide with multifunctional applications.

寨卡病毒EDⅢmRNA疫苗的设计与免疫保护效果评价

寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)是虫媒黄病毒属的重要成员,因其在2015年的南美寨卡疫情中导致大量新生儿小头症而备受关注,目前尚无获批上市的寨卡病毒疫苗.与传统疫苗相比,mRNA疫苗在安全性、有效性和产能方面优势明显,代表未来全新的疫苗形式.本研究选取寨卡病毒FSS13025株包膜蛋白E的Ⅲ区(EDⅢ)作为免疫原,设计构建包含EDⅢ编码序列、非编码区和poly(A)尾的重组质粒,通过体外转录和加帽反应获得EDⅢ-mRNA转录体,其转染至HEK293TN细胞后能表达特异的目的抗原并能分泌至胞外.进一步利用微流控技术将EDⅢ-mRNA转录体制备成脂质纳米颗粒(lipid nanoparticle,LNP),以间隔3周加强一次的免疫方案分别将5和20μg的EDⅢ-mRNA经肌肉注射至BALB/c小鼠.酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和空斑减少中和试验(plaque reduction neutralization test,PRNT)的结果显示,该分子可刺激小鼠产生剂量依赖性的高水平的E蛋白特异IgG抗体与寨卡病毒中和抗体,并产生Th1细胞偏向的分泌型IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-2细胞因子.攻毒保护试验结果显示,免疫组小鼠的病毒血症和主要脏器中的病毒RNA载量相较于磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate-buffered saline,PBS)对照组小鼠均明显降低,其中孕鼠大脑及胎鼠大脑未检测到病毒核酸,体现出良好的免疫保护和垂直传播阻断效果.本研究设计的编码寨卡病毒E蛋白Ⅲ区的mRNA-LNP疫苗可为寨卡病毒疫苗提供新的候选.

Electronic structure and enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance of Ru_(x)Zn_(1-x)O/Ti electrodes

Modification is one of the most important and effective methods to improve the photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)performance of ZnO.In this paper,the Ru_(x)Zn_(1-x)O/Ti electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition method and the effect of Ru content on those electrodes' electronic structure was analyzed through the first-principles calculation.Various tests were also performed to observe the microstructures and PEC performance.The results showed that as the Ru^(4+) transferred into ZnO lattice and replaced a number of Zn^(2+),the conduction band of ZnO moved downward and the valence band went upward.The number of photogenerated electron-hole pairs increased as the impurity levels appeared in the band gap.In addition,ZnO nanorods exhibited a smaller grain size and a rougher surface under the effect of Ru.Meanwhile,the RuO_(2) nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO nanorods acted as the electron-transfer channel,helping electrons transfer to the counter electrode and delaying the recombination of the electron-hole pairs.Specifically,the Ru_(x)Zn_(1-x)O/Ti electrodes with 9.375 mol% Ru exhibited the best PEC performance with a rhodamine B(RhB)removal rate of 97%,much higher than the combination of electrocatalysis(EC,12%)and photocatalysis(PC,50%),confirming the synergy of photoelectrocatalysis.

In situ synthesis of FeS/Carbon fibers for the effective removal of Cr(Ⅵ)in aqueous solution

Iron sulfide(FeS)nanoparticles(termed FSNs)have attracted much attention for the removal of pollutants due to their high efficiency and low cost,and because they are environmentally friendly.However,issues of agglomeration,transformation,and the loss of active components limit their application.Therefore,this study investigates in situ synthesized FeS/carbon fibers with an Fecarrageenan biomass as a precursor and nontoxic sulfur source to ascertain the removal efficiency of the fibers.The enrichment of sulfate groups as well as the double-helix structure in i-carrageenan-Fe could effectively avoid the aggregation and loss of FSNs in practical applications.The obtained FeS/carbon fibers were used to control a Cr(Ⅵ)polluted solution,and exhibited a relatively high removal capacity(81.62 mg/g).T he main mechanisms included the reduction of FeS,electrostatic adsorption of carbon fibers,and Cr(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅲ)complexation reaction.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model both provided a good fit of the reaction process;hence,the removal process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption,specifically monolayer adsorption on a uniform surface.Furthermore,co-existing anions,column,and regeneration experiments indicated that the FeS/carbon fibers are a promising remediation material for practical application.

Light-responsive and corrosion-resistant gas valve with non-thermal effective liquid-gating positional flow control

Safe and precise control of gas flow is one of the key factors to many physical and chemical processes,such as degassing,natural gas transportation,and gas sensor.In practical application,it is essential for the gas-involved physicochemical process to keep everything under control and safe,which significantly relies on the controllability,safety,and stability of their valves.Here we show a light-responsive and corrosion-resistant gas valve with non-thermal effective liquid-gating positional flow control under a constant pressure by incorporating dynamic gating liquid with light responsiveness of solid porous substrate.Our experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the photoisomerization of azobenzene-based molecular photoswitches on the porous substrate enabled the gas valve to possess a light-responsive and reversible variation of substantial critical pressure of non-thermal effective gas flow switch.Moreover,the chemically inert gating liquid prevented the solid substrate from corrosion and,by combining with the high spatiotemporal resolution of light,the gas valve realizes a precisely positional open and close under a steady-state pressure.The application demonstrations in our results show the potentials of the new gas valve for bringing opportunities to many applications,such as gas-involved reaction control in microfluidics,soft actuators,and beyond.

Highly stretchable and reliable graphene oxide- reinforced liquid gating membranes for tunable gas/liquid transport

The ability of membrane technologies to dynamically tune the transport behavior for gases and liquids is critical for their applications.Although various methods have been developed to improve membrane success,tradeoffs still exist among their properties,such as permeability,selectivity,fouling resistance,and stability,which can greatly affect the performance of membranes.Existing elastomeric membrane designs can provide antifracture properties and flexibility;however,these designs still face certain challenges,such as low tensile strength and reliability.Additionally,researchers have not yet thoroughly developed membranes that can avoid fouling issues while realizing precise dynamic control over the transport substances.In this study,we show a versatile strategy for preparing graphene oxide-reinforced elastomeric liquid gating membranes that can finely modulate and dynamically tune the sorting of a wide range of gases and liquids under constant applied pressures.Moreover,the produced membranes exhibit antifouling properties and are adaptable to different length scales,pressures,and environments.The filling of graphene oxide in the thermoplastic polyurethane matrix enhances the composites through hydrogen bonds.Experiments and theoretical calculations are carried out to demonstrate the stability of our system.Our membrane exhibits good stretchability,recovery,and durability due to the elastic nature of the solid matrix and dynamic nature of the gating liquid.Dynamic control over the transport of gases and liquids is achieved through our optimized interfacial design and controllable pore deformation,which is induced by mechanical stimuli.Our strategy will create new opportunities for many applications,such as gas-involved chemical reactions,multiphase separation,microfluidics,multiphase microreactors,and particulate material synthesis.

A modified flexible spatiotemporal data fusion model

Remote sensing spatiotemporal fusion models blend multi-source images of different spatial resolutions to create synthetic images with high resolution and frequency,contributing to time series research where high quality observations are not available with sufficient frequency.However,existing models are vulnerable to spatial heterogeneity and land cover changes,which are frequent in human-dominated regions.To obtain quality time series of satellite images in a human-dominated region,this study developed the Modified Flexible Spatial-temporal Data Fusion(MFSDAF)approach based on the Flexible Spatial-temporal Data Fusion(FSDAF)model by using the enhanced linear regression(ELR).Multiple experiments of various land cover change scenarios were conducted based on both actual and simulated satellite images,respectively.The proposed MFSDAF model was validated by using the correlation coefficient(r),relative root mean square error(RRMSE),and structural similarity(SSIM),and was then compared with the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model(ESTARFM)and FSDAF models.Results show that in the presence of significant land cover change,MFSDAF showed a maximum increase in r,RRMSE,and SSIM of 0.0313,0.0109 and 0.049,respectively,compared to FSDAF,while ESTARFM performed best with less temporal difference of in the input images.In conditions of stable landscape changes,the three performance statistics indicated a small advantage of MFSDAF over FSDAF,but were 0.0286,0.0102,0.0317 higher than for ESTARFM,respectively.MFSDAF showed greater accuracy of capturing subtle changes and created high-precision images from both actual and simulated satellite images.

The first high spatial resolution multi-scale daily SPI and SPEI raster dataset for drought monitoring and evaluating over China from 1979 to 2018

Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI),traditionally derived at a monthly scale,are widely used drought indices.To overcome temporalresolution limitations,we have previously developed and published a well-validated daily SPI/SPEI in situ dataset.Although having a high temporal resolution,this in situ dataset presents low spatial resolution due to the scarcity of stations.Therefore,based on the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset,which is composed of data from more than 1,000 ground-based observation sites and multiple remote sensing grid meteorological dataset,we present the first high spatiotemporal-resolution daily SPI/SPEI raster datasets over China.It spans from 1979 to 2018,with a spatial resolution of 0.1°×0.1°,a temporal resolution of 1-day,and the timescales of 30-,90-,and 360-days.Results show that the spatial distributions of drought event characteristics detected by the daily SPI/SPEI are consistent with the monthly SPI/SPEI.The correlation between the daily value of the 12-month scale and the monthly value of SPI/SPEI is the strongest,with linear correlation,Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient,and normalized root mean square error of 0.98,0.97,and 0.04,respectively.The daily SPI/SPEI is shown to be more sensitive to flash drought than the monthly SPI/SPEI.Our improved SPI/SPEI shows high accuracy and credibility,presenting enhanced results when compared to the monthly SPI/SPEI.The total data volume is up to 150 GB,compressed to 91 GB in Network Common Data Form(NetCDF).It can be available from Figshare(https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5823533)and ScienceDB(https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00076.00103).

2020 Roadmap on gas-involved photo-and electro-catalysis

Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution,but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal conditions.Photo-,photoelectro-,and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright future.Especially,some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products,such as H2 evolution(H2 production),02 evolution/reduction,CO2 reduction,N2 reduction(or N2 fixation) reactions.We can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction(HER),at the same time,we also need highly efficient 02 reduction reaction(ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction kinetics.Moreover,we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction(OER),and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction systems.Furthermore,we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction(CRR).Last but not the least,we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction(NRR),which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble process.These reactions,such as HER,ORR,OER,CRR and NRR could be realized through solar-,photoelectro-and electro-assisted ways.For them,the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products,so we should consider the efficiency of catalysts.However,the cost,synthetic methods of catalysts should also be considered.Nowadays,significant progress has been achieved,however,many challenges still exist,reaction systems,catalysts underlying mechanisms,and so on.As extremely active fields,we should pay attention to them.Under the background,it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’GasInvolved Photo-and Electro-Catalysis’.

Printability and hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolith simulant for automated construction of lunar infrastructure

Using an in situ lunar regolith as a construction material in combination with 3D printing not only reduces the weight of materials carried from the Earth but also improves the automation of lunar infrastructure construction.This study aims to improve the printability of a geopolymer based on a BH-1 lunar regolith simulant,including the extrudability,open time,and buildability,by controlling the temperature and adding admixtures.Rheological parameters were used to represent printability with different water-to-binder ratios,printing temperatures,and contents of additives.The mechanical properties of the hardening geopolymer with different filling paths and loading directions were tested.The results show that heating the printed filaments with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 at 80°C can adjust the printability without adding any additive,which can reduce the construction cost of lunar infrastructure.The printability of the BH-1 geopolymer can also be improved by adding 0.3%Attagel-50 and 0.5%polypropylene fiber by mass at a temperature of 20℃to cope with the changeable environmental conditions on the Moon.After curing under a simulated lunar environment,the 72-h flexural and compressive strengths of the geopolymer specimens reach 4.1 and 48.1 MPa,respectively,which are promising considering that the acceleration of gravity on the Moon is 1/6 of that on the Earth.