Coated sodium butyrate ameliorates high‑energy and low‑protein diet induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and apoptosis in laying hens

Background Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS),a fatty liver disease in laying hens,poses a grave threat to the layer industry,stemming from its ability to trigger an alarming plummet in egg production and usher in acute mortality among laying hens.Increasing evidence suggests that the onset and progression of fatty liver was closely related to mitochondria dysfunction.Sodium butyrate was demonstrated to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism,alle-viate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and mice models.Nevertheless,there is limited existing research on coated sodium butyrate(CSB)to prevent FLHS in laying hens,and whether and how CSB exerts the anti-FLHS effect still needs to be explored.In this experiment,the FLHS model was induced by administering a high-energy low-protein(HELP)diet in laying hens.The objective was to investigate the effects of CSB on alleviating FLHS with a focus on the role of CSB in modulating mitochondrial function.Methods A total of 288 healthy 28-week-old Huafeng laying hens were arbitrarily allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates each,namely,the CON group(normal diet),HELP group(HELP diet),CH500 group(500 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet)and CH750 group(750 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet).The duration of the trial encompassed a period of 10 weeks.Results The result revealed that CSB ameliorated the HELP-induced FLHS by improving hepatic steatosis and patho-logical damage,reducing the gene levels of fatty acid synthesis,and promoting the mRNA levels of key enzymes of fatty acid catabolism.CSB reduced oxidative stress induced by the HELP diet,upregulated the activity of GSH-Px and SOD,and decreased the content of MDA and ROS.CSB also mitigated the HELP diet-induced inflammatory response by blocking TNF-α,IL-1β,and F4/80.In addition,dietary CSB supplementation attenuated HELP-induced activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response(UPRmt),mitochondrial damage,and decline of ATPase activity.HELP diet decreased the autophagosome formation,and downregulated LC3B but upregulated p62 protein expression,which CSB administration reversed.CSB reduced HELP-induced apoptosis,as indicated by decreases in the Bax/Bcl-2,Caspase-9,Caspase-3,and Cyt C expression levels.Conclusions Dietary CSB could ameliorate HELP diet-induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics,autophagy,and apoptosis in laying hens.Consequently,CSB,as a feed additive,exhibited the capacity to prevent FLHS by modulating autophagy and lipid metabolism.

Analysis of the value and safety of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the clinical efficacy of patients with thyroid cancer

BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer(TC)is a common malignant tumor in the endocrine system.In recent years,the incidence and recurrence rates of TC have been raising due to increasing work pressure and irregular lifestyles.Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)is a specific parameter for thyroid function screening.This study aims to explore the clinical value of TSH in regulating the progression of TC,so as to find a breakthrough for the early diagnosis and treatment of TC.AIM To explore the value and safety of TSH in the clinical efficacy of patients with TC.METHODS 75 patients with TC admitted to the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of our hospital from September 2019 to September 2021 were selected as the observation group,and 50 healthy subjects were selected as the control group during the same period.The control group was treated with conventional thyroid replacement therapy,and the observation group was treated with TSH suppression therapy.The soluble interleukin(IL)-2 receptor(sIL-2R),IL-17,IL-35levels,free triiodothyronine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD44V6,and tumor supplied group of factor(TSGF)levels were observed in the two groups.The occurrence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups.RESULTS After treatment with different therapies,the levels of FT3,FT4,CD3+,and CD4+in the observation group and the control group were higher than those before treatment,while the levels of CD8+,CD44V6,and TSGF were lower than those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).More importantly,the levels of sIL-2R and IL-17 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 4 wk of treatment,while the levels of IL-35 were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of FT3,FT4,CD3+,and CD4+in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the levels of CD8+,CD44V6,and TSGF were lower than those in the control group.There was no significant difference in the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION TSH suppression therapy can improve the immune function of patients with TC,lower the CD44V6 and TSGF levels,and improve serum FT3 and FT4 levels.It demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy and a good safety profile.

Bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize energy losses for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

The defects from electron transport layer,perovskite layer and their interface would result in carrier nonradiative recombination losses.Poor buried interfacial contact is detrimental to charge extraction and device stability.Here,we report a bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize bulk and interfacial energy losses for high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.4-trifluoromethyl-benzamidine hydrochloride(TBHCl)containing–CF_(3),amidine cation and Cl^(-)is in advance incorporated into SnO_(2)colloid solution to realize bottom-up modification.The synergistic effect of multiple functional groups and multiple-bond-induced chemical interaction are revealed theoretically and experimentally.F and Cl^(-)can passivate oxygen vacancy and/or undercoordinated Sn^(4+)defects by coordinating with Sn^(4+).The F can suppress cation migration and modulate crystallization via hydrogen bond with FA^(+),and can passivate lead defects by coordinating with Pb^(2+).The–NH_(2)–C=NH^(+)_(2)and Cl^(-)can passivate cation and anion vacancy defects through ionic bonds with perovskites,respectively.Through TBHCl modification,the suppression of agglomeration of SnO_(2)nanoparticles,bulk and interfacial defect passivation,and release of tensile strains of perovskite films are demonstrated,which resulted in a PCE enhancement from 21.28%to 23.40%and improved stability.With post-treatment,the efficiency is further improved to 23.63%.

Top-down strategy for bamboo lignocellulose-derived carbon heterostructure with enhanced electromagnetic wave dissipation

Biomass-derived residue carbonization has been an important issue for"carbon fixation"and"zero emission",and the carbonized products have multiple application potentials.However,there have been no specific research to study the differences in macro-and micro-morphology,electrical properties and many other aspects of the products obtained from carbonization of pure cellulose,pure lignin or their complex,lignocellulose.In this work,lignocellulose with cellulose to lignin mass ratio of 10:1 is obtained using p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrolysis followed by homogenization process at a controlled condition.Then,carbon heterostructure with fibers and sheets(CH-10)are obtained by pyrolysis at 1500℃.Detailed results imply that the fiber-like carbon structure possesses high crystallinity and low defect density,coming from carbonization of the cellulose content in lignocellulose(LC)nanofibers.Correspondingly,the graphite-like carbon sheet with high defect density and low crystallinity comes from carbonization of the lignin content in LCs.Further investigation indicates CH-10 possesses enhanced polarization and moderate impedance matching which makes it an ideal candidate for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.CH-10 exhibits an excellent EMW absorption performance with a minimum RL value of-50.05 dB and a broadest absorption bandwidth of 4.16 GHz at a coating thickness as thin as 1.3 mm.

Unraveling abnormal buried interface anion defect passivation mechanisms depending on cation-induced steric hindrance for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Although ionic liquids(ILs)have been widely employed to heal the defects in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the corresponding defect passivation mechanisms are not thoroughly understood up to now.Herein,we first reveal an abnormal buried interface anion defect passivation mechanism depending on cationinduced steric hindrance.The IL molecules containing the same anion([BF4]^(-))and different sizes of imidazolium cations induced by substituent size are used to manipulate buried interface.It was revealed what passivated interfacial defects is mainly anions instead of cations.Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the large-sized cations can weaken the ionic bond strength between anions and cations,and facilitate the interaction between anions and SnO2as well as perovskites,which is conducive to interfacial defect passivation and ameliorating interfacial contact.It can be concluded that interfacial chemical interaction strength and defect passivation effect are positively correlated with the size of cations.The discovery breaks conventional thinking that large-sized modification molecules would weaken their chemical interaction with perovskite.Compared with the control device(21.54%),the device based on 1,3-Bis(1-adamantyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate(BAIMBF4)with maximum size cations achieves a significantly enhanced efficiency of 23.61%along with much increased moisture,thermal and light stabilities.

Stable yellow light emission from lead-free copper halides single crystals for visible light communication

Yellow light-emitting diodes(LEDs) as soft light have attracted abundant attention in lithography room, museum and art gallery. However, the development of efficient yellow LEDs lags behind green and blue LEDs, and the available perovskites yellow LEDs suffer from the instability. Herein, a pressure-assisted cooling method is proposed to grow lead-free CsCu2I3single crystals, which possess uniform surface morphology and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY) stability, with only 10% PLQY losses after being stored in air after 5000 h.Then, the single crystals used for yellow LEDs without encapsulation exhibit a decent Correlated Color Temperature(CCT) of 4290 K, a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE) coordinate of(0.38, 0.41), and an excellent 570-h operating stability under heating temperature of 100°C. Finally, the yellow LEDs facilitate the application in wireless visible light communication(VLC), which show a-3 dB bandwidth of 21.5 MHz and a high achievable data rate of 219.2 Mbps by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) modulation with adaptive bit loading. The present work not only promotes the development of lead-free single crystals, but also inspires the potential of CsCu2I3in the field of yellow illumination and wireless VLC.

Performance Analysis of Optimized Content Extraction for Cyrillic Mongolian Learning Text Materials in the Database

This paper had developed and tested optimized content extraction algorithm using NLP method, TFIDF method for word of weight, VSM for information search, cosine method for similar quality calculation from learning document at the distance learning system database. This test covered following things: 1) to parse word structure at the distance learning system database documents and Cyrillic Mongolian language documents at the section, to form new documents by algorithm for identifying word stem;2) to test optimized content extraction from text material based on e-test results (key word, correct answer, base form with affix and new form formed by word stem without affix) at distance learning system, also to search key word by automatically selecting using word extraction algorithm;3) to test Boolean and probabilistic retrieval method through extended vector space retrieval method. This chapter covers: to process document content extraction retrieval algorithm, to propose recommendations query through word stem, not depending on word position based on Cyrillic Mongolian language documents distinction.

杂种优势形成机制和预测方法及其在猪生产中的应用与展望

杂种优势是指杂种后代的性能优于双亲群体的现象。杂交能有效提高后代的生长发育性能、繁殖性能和抗病性,因此被广泛应用于动植物生产。研究人员利用杂交育种技术培育了超优千号杂交水稻、小偃6号杂交小麦、杜蒙羊、山下黑猪等优秀的农牧新品系和配套系。然而当前的杂种优势研究仍存在一些亟待解决的问题:现有杂种优势理论只能部分解释动植物杂种优势现象,动物杂种优势理论研究较少,且现有的杂种优势预测方法准确性有限。我国是世界上最大的猪肉生产消费国,杂种优势能够有效提高生猪生产性能,在生猪产业的应用方面具有重要的经济和研究价值。但目前有关猪杂交生产研究还处于起步阶段,亟待进一步深入。本文综述了现有的杂种优势理论、杂种优势预测方法,及其在猪生产中的应用研究,以期为杂种优势在生猪育种中的应用提供借鉴与参考。

Modulation on electrostatic potential to build a firm bridge at NiO_(x)/perovskite interface for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

The NiO_(x)/perovskite interface in NiO_(x)-based inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is one of the main issues that restrict device performance and long-term stability,as the unwanted interfacial defects and undesirable redox reactions cause severe interfacial non-radiative recombination and open-circuit voltage(Voc)loss.Herein,a series of self-assembled molecules(SAMs)are employed to bind,bridge,and stabilize the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface by regulating the electrostatic potential.Based on systematically theoretical and experimental studies,4-pyrazolecarboxylic acid(4-PCA)is proven as an efficient molecule to simultaneously passivate the NiO_(x)and perovskite surface traps,release the interfacial tensile stress as well as quench the detrimental interface redox reactions,thus effectively suppressing the interfacial non-radiative recombination and enhancing the quality of perovskite crystals.Consequently,the PSCs with 4-PCA treatment exhibited an eminently increased Voc,leading to a significant increase in power conversion efficiency from 21.28%to 23.77%.Furthermore,the unencapsulated devices maintain 92.6%and 81.3%of their initial PCEs after storing in air with a relative humidity of 20%–30%for 1000 h and heating at 65℃for 500 h in a N_(2)-filled glovebox,respectively.

Hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation mechanism investigation of pyrolusite ore

Pyrolusite comprises the foremost manganese oxides and is a major source of manganese production.An innovative hydrogenbased mineral phase transformation technology to pyrolusite was proposed,where a 96.44%distribution rate of divalent manganese(Mn^(2+))was observed at an optimal roasting temperature of 650℃,a roasting time of 25 min,and an H2 concentration of 20vol%;under these conditions.The manganese predominantly existed in the form of manganosite.This study investigated the generation mechanism of manganosite based on the reduction kinetics,phase transformation,and structural evolution of pyrolusite and revealed that high temperature improved the distribution rate,and the optimal kinetic model for the reaction was the random nucleation and growth model(reaction order,n=3/2)with an activation energy(E_(a))of 24.119 kJ·mol^(−1).Throughout the mineral phase transformation,manganese oxide from the outer layer of particles moves inward to the core.In addition,pyrolusite follows the reduction sequence of MnO_(2)→Mn_(2)O_(3)→Mn_(3)O_(4)→MnO,and the reduction of manganese oxides in each valence state simultaneously proceeds.These findings provide significant insight into the efficient and clean utilization of pyrolusite.

A Cache Replacement Policy Based on Multi-Factors for Named Data Networking

Named Data Networking(NDN)is one of the most excellent future Internet architectures and every router in NDN has the capacity of caching contents passing by.It greatly reduces network traffic and improves the speed of content distribution and retrieval.In order to make full use of the limited caching space in routers,it is an urgent challenge to make an efficient cache replacement policy.However,the existing cache replacement policies only consider very few factors that affect the cache performance.In this paper,we present a cache replacement policy based on multi-factors for NDN(CRPM),in which the content with the least cache value is evicted from the caching space.CRPM fully analyzes multi-factors that affect the caching performance,puts forward the corresponding calculation methods,and utilize the multi-factors to measure the cache value of contents.Furthermore,a new cache value function is constructed,which makes the content with high value be stored in the router as long as possible,so as to ensure the efficient use of cache resources.The simulation results show that CPRM can effectively improve cache hit ratio,enhance cache resource utilization,reduce energy consumption and decrease hit distance of content acquisition.

A Novel Lifecycle Model for Web-based Application Development in Small and Medium Enterprises

Software engineering＇s lifecycle models havc proven to be very important for traditional software development. However, can these models be applied to the development of Web-based applications as well？ In recent years, Web-based applications have become more and more complicated and a lot of efforts have been placed on introducing new technologies such as J2EE, PhP, and .NET, etc., which have been universally accepted as the development technologies for Web-based applications. However, there is no universally accepted process model for the development of Web-based applications. Moreover, shaping the process model for small medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）, which have limited resources, has been relatively neglected. Based on our previous work, this paper presents an expanded lifecycle process model for the development of Web-based applications in SMEs. It consists of three sets of processes, i.e., requirement processes, development processes, and evolution processes. Particularly, the post-delivery evolution processes are important to SMEs to develop and maintain quality web applications with limited resources and time.

低温氮等离子体对聚乳酸薄膜表面性能的改性

文中利用朗缪尔探针对低温氮(N2)等离子体进行了诊断,探究了电子密度随射频功率、压强、轴线距离的变化情况。利用水接触角表征了右旋聚乳酸(PDLA)改性前后亲水性变化,探究了改性PDLA膜的最佳条件。利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、热重分析仪、X射线光电子能谱表征了改性前后PDLA膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、热稳定性能及表面元素的变化。通过测量拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、透光率表征了改性前后PDLA膜力学性能、阻隔性能的变化。结果表明,在最佳条件下(射频功率100W、压强25Pa、改性时间180s、轴向距离10cm),PDLA膜的接触角从89.53°下降至49.96°;改性后PDLA膜的力学性能略有降低,在放电中心处拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比原膜分别降低了26.31%(横向)、24.41%(纵向)和29.41%(横向)、28.1%(纵向);热稳定性能较原膜略有增加,阻隔性能基本保持不变;随着储存时间的延长,PDLA膜的接触角不断增加,当存储30d时,样品仍保留了部分改善的亲水性。

基于剪切增稠液的耗能器设计与性能分析

为增强非结构构件的抗振性能,文中基于约束阻尼形式以及新型阻尼材料STF,提出一种贴附式夹层耗能器。文中介绍耗能器的构造及工作原理并通过STF的增稠机理解释其减振耗能的可行性;其次通过数值模拟的方式研究耗能器中STF夹层厚度对其耗能性能的影响,得出在非结构构件的振动频率不同时,耗能器应选择适宜的夹层厚度,为非结构构件耗能减振提供了新思路。

Heme oxygenase 1-mediated ferroptosis in Kupffer cells initiates liver injury during heat stroke

With the escalating prevalence of global heat waves,heat stroke has become a prominent health concern,leading to substantial liver damage.Unlike other forms of liver injury,heat strokeinduced damage is characterized by heat cytotoxicity and heightened inflammation,directly contributing to elevated mortality rates.While clinical assessments have identified elevated bilirubin levels as indicative of Kupffer cell dysfunction,their specific correlation with heat stroke liver injury remains unclear.Our hypothesis proposes the involvement of Kupffer cell ferroptosis during heat stroke,initiating IL-1bmediated inflammation.Using single-cell RNA sequencing of murine macrophages,a distinct and highly susceptible Kupffer cell subtype,Clec4Ft/CD206t,emerged,with heme oxygenase 1(HMOX-1)playing a pivotal role.Mechanistically,heat-induced HMOX-1,regulated by early growth response factor 1,mediated ferroptosis in Kupffer cells,specifically in the Clec4F t/CD206 t subtype(KC2),activating phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta and promoting PI4P production.This cascade triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and maturation of IL-1b.These findings underscore the critical role of targeted therapy against HMOX-1 in ferroptosis within Kupffer cells,particularly in Clec4F t/CD206 t KCs.Such an approach has the potential to mitigate inflammation and alleviate acute liver injury in the context of heat stroke,offering a promising avenue for future therapeutic interventions.

Favorable outcomes of front-line risk-adapted therapy in young patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with clinically or biologically high-risk features

To the Editor:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)exhibits clinical significance and biological diversity.Over the last two decades,rituximab with cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,and prednisone(R-CHOP)has substantially improved outcomes for DLBCL patients.However,approximately one-third of DLBCL cases continue to experience disease progression,resulting in long-term survival ranging from 50%to 60%.[1]Efforts to improve DLBCL patient outcomes by modifying R-CHOP dosing schedules have yielded limited success,and the addition of new drugs has benefited only specific patient subgroups.Nevertheless,intensive immunochemotherapy(IIC)has demonstrated promise and cost-effectiveness in recent years.The regimen of dose-adjusted etoposide.

Fibroblast diversity and clinical associations in systemic sclerosis

Fibroblasts serve as the primary source of extracellular matrix and play a crucial role in the remodeling of fibrotic tissue.Beyond their structural functions,fibroblasts also influence inflammatory processes and angiogenesis through the release of various mediators,potentially contributing to the inflammatory and vasculopathic aspects of systemic sclerosis(SSc).A recent study published in J Invest Dermatol delves into the varied functionalities of fibroblast populations and their clinical implications.

微商商业模式解析及其规范化发展

微商是利用互联网移动社交工具从事销售商品或服务的经营活动。微商在我国经历了一个从野蛮增长到走向规范化发展的过程。微商商业模式的本质是区别于传统电子商务的移动社交电商模式,也是区别于传统直销的创新型直销模式,其运营模式具有封闭性特征。微商要规范化发展必须加强监管:完善行政监管制度、发挥交易平台监管职责、用科学评价体系进行专业评估、完善行业自律机制、打造良性生态系统。

远程氩等离子体对聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜的表面改性

利用朗缪尔探针和发射光谱法诊断远程氩等离子体,确定了离子密度和活性粒子的分布规律,以预测最佳改性区域;采用远程氩等离子体改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜,设计正交实验探究远程氩等离子体处理改性效果的最优工艺组合,并通过水接触角表征超滤膜改性前后的亲水性能;利用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱表征膜表面的形貌和化学成分变化,并通过拉伸性能测试表征改性后PVDF超滤膜强度。最后,通过海藻酸钠(SA)过滤实验评价膜改性前后过滤性能及抗污染性能。实验结果表明,远程氩等离子体改性的最优条件为,射频功率90 W、处理时间90 s、压强20 Pa、距放电中心40 cm处;PVDF超滤膜表面通过远程氩等离子改性后,其表面通过引入含氧、含氮基团提高了其表面亲水性能,水接触角从95.63°降至62.19°,且改性后的PVDF超滤膜最大拉伸强度由403.11 gf/cm^(2)增至为439.37 gf/cm^(2)。通过SA过滤实验,改性后的PVDF超滤膜具有良好的过滤性能和抗污染性能,其水通量和SA通量分别从123.36 L/(m^(2)·h),49.08 L/(m^(2)·h)增至151.98 L/(m^(2)·h),68.10 L/(m^(2)·h),截留率从77.35%增至87.25%,总污染率从72.50%降至60.20%。

The novel gene BrMYB2,located on chromosome A07,with a short intron 1 controls the purple-head trait of Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.)

Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants,but information on anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in Chinese cabbage is limited.The new purple head Chinese cabbage cultivar 11S91 was analyzed,and an R2R3-MYB regulatory gene BrMYB2,located on chromosome A07,controlling the dominant purple-head trait was isolated.High expression of BrMYB2 generated a large accumulation of anthocyanins in 11S91,accompanied by highly upregulated BrTT8,BrF3′H,BrDFR1,BrANS1,BrUGTs,BrATs,and BrGSTs.11S91 inherited the purple locus from purple trait donor 95T2-5,and they shared consensus CDSs and gDNAs with those of BrMYB2(cBrMYB2 and gBrMYB2).Two SNPs in cBrMYB2 in 11S91 did not cause loss of function;in addition to several SNPs at both ends of intron 1,a large deletion had occurred in intron 1 of gBrMYB2 in 11S91.Genetic transformation of Arabidopsis showed that gBrMYB2 overexpression lines presented deeper purple color and higher expression than did the cBrMYB2 and cBrmyb2 lines,whereas gBrmyb2 with a long intron 1 did not cause the purple phenotype.We first show that BrMYB2 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis under the control of the short intron 1 of gBrMYB2 in purple head Chinese cabbage,and gBrmyb2 with a long intron 1 represses anthocyanin production in white head Chinese cabbage.This evidence provides a new understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and purple germplasm generation in Brassica vegetables.